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991.
The spatiotemporal distributions of dissolved and/or dispersed oil in seawater and pore water were monitored on site by fluorometric detection method after the Hebei Spirit oil spill. The oil concentrations in intertidal seawater, 15 days after the spill, were as high as 16,600 μg/L and appeared to decrease below the Korean marine water quality standard of 10 μg/L at most sites 10 months after the spill. Fluorometric detection of oil in pore water was introduced to eliminate the effects of grain size for the quantification of oil in sediments and to better explain spatial and temporal distribution of oil pollution at sandy beaches. The fluorescence detection method was compared with the conventional laboratory technique of total petroleum hydrocarbon analysis using gas chromatography. The method of fluorescence detection of oil was capable of generating results much faster and more cost-effectively than the traditional GC technique.  相似文献   
992.
新疆侏罗系煤基质镜质体的岩石学特征及成烃性   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6  
运用有机岩石学和有机地球化学理论对新疆伯罗系煤中基质交易质体的岩石学特征及生烃性进行了详细研究,结果表明,基质镜质体按成因和生烃性可分成三种不同的亚型,并讨论了不同类型的基质镜质体在煤成烃作用中的意义和热演化规律。  相似文献   
993.
Significant differential hydrocarbon enrichment occurs in depressions in a petroliferous basin. There are multiple depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin, and each depression as a relatively independent unit of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, contains significantly different hydrocarbon generation conditions and enrichment degree. On the basis of previous documents and a large number of statistical data, this work comparatively analyzed the differential hydrocarbon enrichment and its major controlling factors in depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin. The results show that depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin have various hydrocarbon enrichment degrees, and can be categorized into four types, namely enormously oil-rich, oil-rich, oily and oil-poor depressions. In general, the enormously oil-rich and oil-rich depressions are distributed in the eastern part of the basin along the Tan–Lu and Lan–Liao faults, whereas depressions in the western part of the basin are poor in hydrocarbons. Moreover, the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons is also highly heterogeneous, with Pre-Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the northern and western depressions, Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the entire basin, and Neogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the off-shore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin. From early depressions in onshore areas to the late depressions in offshore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin, the source rocks and source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages gradually become younger and shallower, and the hydrocarbon resource abundance gradually increases. Hydrocarbon supplying condition is the key factor constraining the hydrocarbon enrichment for different depressions, while the main source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage, sufficient hydrocarbons and the transportation capacity of faults control the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons. The main factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment are different for different layers. The hydrocarbon supplying condition of source rocks is the key controlling factor, whereas the source-reservoir configuration, the main source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages, and the fault transportation are the main factors of hydrocarbon enrichment in the Paleogene, Paleogene and Neogene, respectively.  相似文献   
994.
Hydrophilic xenobiotics can be eliminated in the UV/H2O2-process. The oxidation in this process is enhanced by the photolytically generated HO radicals. Bicarbonate is able to scavenge HO radicals. So it was expected that the degradation rates of the investigated xenobiotics were affected by the influence of bicarbonate. In contrast to the widely described decrease of the degradation rate, a much more complex situation was found in this investigation. The degradation rates of 2-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonate and diphenyl-4-sulfonate were decreased and reached for high concentrations of bicarbonate the values of the photolytical degradation rate. The degradation of 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate was accelerated significantly in the presence of bicarbonate. The degradation rate of EDTA was increased at small concentrations of bicarbonate and decreased at higher concentrations.  相似文献   
995.
斯扬  张文选  罗安湘  孙勃  朱玉双 《现代地质》2019,33(5):1106-1117
国内对地层水与油藏的关系研究多集中在断块坳陷内,在岩性油藏中此类研究相对较少。基于鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长8致密砂岩油藏大量的地层水化学分析及薄片和扫描电镜资料,对长8地层水化学特征及其成因进行了分析,并结合油藏地质条件,探讨其油气指示意义。长8致密砂岩岩性油藏地层水矿化度平均为33.6 g/L,地层水类型以Ca Cl2型为主,整体为封闭的水文地质环境,有利于油气保存。长8地层水中的离子特征与砂岩成岩具有良好的对应关系。Mg2+亏损、Na+轻微亏损及富集主要与绿泥石化、斜长石的钠长石化及溶解作用有关;Ca2+富集不仅与斜长石的钠长石化及溶解作用有关,还与泥岩中火山灰大量释放的Ca2+有关;SO42-与HCO3-含量则主要受脱硫酸作用和碳酸盐胶结作用控制。此外,由于长8砂岩成岩作用受烃类充注影响较大,研究区西部与中部及东部地层水化学特征存在差异,西部地层水中的钠氯系数整体小于中部及东部,SO42-平均含量及脱硫系数平均值大于中部和东部等特征都与长8油藏在平面上充注条件差异有着很大联系。  相似文献   
996.
烃源岩催化生烃机制研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
刘洛夫  李术元 《地质论评》2000,46(5):491-498
本文扼要综述了国内外在热模拟催化生烃领域的研究进展,并针对其存在问题或不足之处,提出了新的研究思路,设计了新的实验方案,对烃源岩催化生烃机理和过程进行定量的研究,建立定量的催化反应速率数学模型和催化生烃产离数学模型,并制作成可操作的计算软件,划分出起正催化作用和反催化作用的催化剂。在研究过程中,全面考虑某生油岩中的所有粘土矿物和地下水中的无机盐类对生烃的催化作用,即系统地分别考虑生油岩中存在的各单  相似文献   
997.
Abstract

The dependence of ozone formation on the mixing ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) has been widely studied. In addition to the atmospheric levels of VOCs and NOx, the extent of photochemical processing of VOCs has a strong impact on ozone levels. Although methods for measuring atmospheric mixing ratios of VOCs and NOx are well established and results of those measurements are widely available, determination of the extent of photochemical processing of VOCs, known as photochemical age (PCA), is difficult. In this article a recently developed methodology for the determination of PCA for individual compounds based on the change in their stable carbon isotope composition is used to investigate the dependence between ozone and VOC or NOx mixing ratios at a rural site in Ontario, Canada, during fall and winter. The results show that under these conditions the variability in VOC mixing ratios is predominantly a result of the varying impact of local emissions and not a result of changes in the extent of atmospheric processing. This explains why the mixing ratio of ozone shows no systematic dependence on the mixing ratios of VOCs or NOx in this environment and at this time of the year.  相似文献   
998.
江平  范小林 《地球科学》2005,30(2):211-214,254
敦煌盆地油气勘探能否取得突破取决于盆地中源岩的生烃潜能和圈闭的有效性.运用含油气系统研究思路,结合野外露头观察和盆地充填序列特征的分析。对盆地侏罗系含油气系统的地质要素(源岩、储集岩、盖层及上覆岩层)和作用过程(可能生成的油气运移、聚集、圈闭)进行定性评价和综合解释,结合露头岩样的有机地化分析和露头剖面的油气地质解释,推测出该盆地西端南部中、下侏罗统的暗色泥岩和含煤岩系中的炭质页岩为主要的烃源岩,而其间的不整合面上的砂岩层为主要的储集体和主要的油气勘探目的层系.  相似文献   
999.
The Arctic is poorly described and understood compared to the North Sea and other boreal areas. We need to learn how knowledge obtained at boreal conditions may be applied at Arctic conditions. Increasing activity of the hydrocarbon industry may cause exposure stress from discharges. Within a joint industry research programme (Biosea) we studied how responses in fish from oil exposure may differ at North Sea boreal and Barents Sea Arctic conditions. Hydrocarbon uptake, metabolites, and enzymatic and genotoxic biomarker type of effect responses were measured in cod (Gadus morhua L.). Hydrocarbon metabolites remain longer in fish bile than original hydrocarbons, which are eliminated fast from tissues. The metabolites may be measured to background concentrations. They describe exposure and they constitute a link to other effects. Body burden, biliary polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolite concentration, and quantities of Cytochrome P-450 1A (CYP1A) and DNA adducts increased with oil in water concentration. The extent of biomarker expression was lower for some biomarkers and elimination was slower at the lowest temperature. The results show that several factors have to be accounted for if warm-water biomarker data are to be applied in cold water.  相似文献   
1000.
塔里木盆地不整合油气藏特征   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
塔时木盆地是我国最大内陆盆地,在地史上经历了多次构造运动的改造,形成了多期不整合面,这些不整合面对油气的运移和聚集作用十分显著,有众多与不整合有关的油气藏的形成和分布,显示了巨大的油气勘探前景。  相似文献   
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