对比日本秋吉生物礁论湖南石炭纪生物成礁条件

一个完好的石炭纪生物礁发育在日本秋吉地区的玄武岩熔岩和火山碎屑岩之上.其礁核相可划分为6个亚相.主要的造礁生物是钙藻类、剌毛虫、珊瑚和苔藓虫.这些造礁生物在湖南中部某些地区的石炭纪地层中也十分常见,其生物组成、形态和生态特征可以和秋吉礁礁核各亚相中的生物特征进行对比.湖南中部地区石炭纪浅海的海底地形存在高低差异,在地势较高的中高能地带具备生物礁发育的各种条件,已发现一些生物层,完全有可能发现生物礁.     

Ordovician palaeogeography with new palaeomagnetic data from the Montagne Noire (Southern France)

A joint palaeomagnetic and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar study has been performed on two olistolithic blocks from the Cabrières Wildflysch in the Montagne Noire region of the Massif Central in France. There, andesitic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of Llanvirn-Early Caradoc age (ca 470-458 Ma) occur. Despite extensive secondary alteration, destruction of the dominant magnetic mineral phase and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar whole rock experiments that demonstrate that the volcanic rocks suffered significant argon loss, a positive fold test and the presence of dual polarities suggest that a primary, Ordovician magnetisation has mostly survived. This is one of the few documented cases where the argon system was substantially reset whilst a subordinate set of small, relatively unaltered magnetite grains, probably hosted in silicates, still carry the original, in this case Ordovician, remanence.The new data show that the Montagne Noire region was located at high southerly latitudes (68° ⁺¹⁷/_-15) during the Mid-Ordovician. This latitude represents the location for NW Gondwana of which the Massif Central was a part. Palaeomagnetic data from all the Central European massifs and terranes demonstrate a close link to the Gondwana Margin during the Lower and Middle Ordovician.     

大陆碰撞过程中的多地体变形模式

几乎所有的大陆碰撞造山带都含有多个增生地体,它们是大陆造山带的重要组成部分.前人对地体拼贴过程及其相应地质记录都做过详细探讨,但对后期大陆持续汇聚过程中的多地体之间的变形行为及拆离模式目前研究得仍较为薄弱.为此,我们以"两地体"结构为代表,通过系统的动力学模型试验,来探讨多地体流变结构及其几何参数对大陆碰撞动力学过程的影响.模型结果显示,大陆碰撞过程中的地体变形行为主要受控于靠近主碰撞带的地体流变强度(确切来说是地壳流变强度,下同)及其几何宽度,而与远离主碰撞带的地体流变和几何属性关系较弱.同时,模型结果也揭示出大陆碰撞造山带中地体之间的相互俯冲仅发生在靠近主碰撞带一侧地体较宽的情况下,且总是弱地体向相对强的地体之下俯冲.该研究成果不仅对喜马拉雅—青藏高原造山带中地体变形演化给予重要的动力学启示,也对含有多地体结构的碰撞造山带的动力学演化研究提供一定的理论支撑.     

The Cretaceous crustal shortening and thickening of the South Qiangtang Terrane and implications for proto-Tibetan Plateau formation

The timing and magnitude of deformation across the central Tibetan Plateau, including the South Qiangtang Terrane (SQT), are poorly constrained but feature prominently in geodynamic models of the Tibetan Plateau formation. The Ejiu fold and thrust belt (EFTB), which is located in the SQT, provides valuable records of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic deformation history of the central Tibetan Plateau. Here we integrate geochronology of volcanic rocks, low-temperature thermochronology, geologic mapping and a balanced cross section to resolve the deformation history of the SQT. Geochronologic data suggest that major deformation that initiated in the early Cretaceous continued until at least 80 Ma and ceased by ∼40 Ma. The balanced cross section resolves ∼66 km upper crustal shortening (34%) mainly during the Cretaceous Qiangtang-Lhasa collision. However, the Cenozoic crustal shortening is not well constrained because of a lack of successive Cenozoic strata. We also discussed whether the observed crustal shortening can account for the modern crustal thickness and elevation in the SQT. Our observations indicate that crustal shortening and thickening within the central Tibetan Plateau was mostly accomplished during the Cretaceous Lhasa-Qiangtang collision. A thick crust could be maintained since the Cretaceous due to slow erosion rates since ∼40 Ma. Minor Late Cenozoic shortening also contributed to a small amount of crustal thickening in the central Tibetan Plateau. However, close to modern >4700 m elevation was finally attained by lithospheric mantle foundering in the Qiangtang Terrane at ∼25 Ma.     

田师傅植物群的基本特征

作者把辽宁本溪田师傅盆地及凤城赛马—阳盆地的早中侏罗世植物群简称田师傅植物群。该植物群由34属77种植物组成。本文是在已确定的名单基础上,着重讨论植物群的性质.组合序列的划分,与同期植物群的比较及其所属地理区和气候带等。田师傅植物群属我国北方锥叶蕨—拟刺葵植物群范围,可划分出早、中、晚3期组合,它与北票、门头沟等植物群最为相似,同属西伯利亚区的中国北方省,反映出温热潮湿的温带或温带—亚热带气候。     

Petrogenesis of graphitic cherts in the Armorican segment of the Cadomian orogenic belt (NW France)

Graphitic cherts are interbedded within terrigenous sediments in the Cadomian orogenic belt of end-Proterozoic age. In the Armorican Massif (NW France), the graphitic cherts are of two types: massive cherts essentially composed of quartz (SiO₂ > 96%) and with rare sedimentary structures; laminated cherts containing up to 3·4% Al₂O₃ and 92–98% SiO₂. Sedimentary structures observed in the laminated cherts are indicative of a restricted hypersaline tidal or supratidal environment. The origins of both types of chert are to be found in the diagenetic processes of silification of terrigenous and mixed terrigenous-evaporitic facies. These processes, which could be mediated by the presence of organic matter, were controlled by the migration of the freshwater/saltwater mixing zone during periods of relative sea-level change. The proposed diagenetic origin for the cherts places a number of constraints on their use in the establishment of stratigraphic correlations.     

羌北地块早-中志留世古地磁学初步研究结果及其构造意义

本文报道羌北地块早-中志留世龙木措组灰岩古地磁研究初步结果,据此探讨羌北地块早-中志留世的古位置及其起源问题.在日土县龙木措北岸(34.4°N,80.3°E)龙木措组中采集了10个采点,共125块古地磁独立定向样品.岩相学与岩石磁学结果表明样品中主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿.系统热退磁与交变退磁显示,退磁曲线具有双分量或单分量...     

Origin,age, and significance of deep‐seated granulite‐facies migmatites in the Barrow zones of Scotland,Cairn Leuchan,Glen Muick area

Petrological modelling of granulite‐facies mafic and semipelitic migmatites from Cairn Leuchan, northeast Scotland, has provided new constraints on the pressure (P) and temperature (T) conditions of high‐grade metamorphism in the type‐locality Barrow zones. Phase diagrams constructed in the Na₂O–CaO–K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O–TiO₂–O₂ system have constrained the P?T conditions of peak metamorphism in the Glen Muick region of the upper sillimanite zone (Sill+Kfs) to have been at least ～840°C at ～9 kbar (high‐P granulite facies). These conditions are ～120°C and ～3 kbar higher than those recorded by lower sillimanite zone (Sill+Ms) units located only a few kilometres away to the southeast at Glen Girnock, indicating the presence of a significant thermal and barometric high exposed within the Scottish Dalradian, and supporting previous suppositions of a potential tectonic break between the two regions. U–Pb zircon geochronology performed on these mafic migmatites produced ages of c. 540–470 Ma from grains with both igneous and metamorphic morphological characteristics. Their basaltic protoliths likely formed during a period of volcanism dated at c. 570 Ma, associated with passive‐margin extension prior to the onset of Iapetus Ocean closure, and high‐grade metamorphism and partial melting is interpreted to have taken place at c. 470 Ma, synchronous with sillimanite‐grade metamorphism recorded elsewhere in the Dalradian. These high‐grade Cairn Leuchan lithologies are interpreted as representing a fragment of Grampian Terrane lower crust that was exhumed via displacement along a steeply dipping tectonic discontinuity related to the Portsoy–Duchray Hill Lineament, and are not pre‐Caledonian Mesoproterozoic basement, as suggested by some previous studies. Veins within some mafic migmatites in the Cairn Leuchan area, composed almost entirely (>80%) of garnet, with minor quartz, plagioclase, amphibole, and clinopyroxene, are interconnected with leucosomes and are interpreted to represent former garnet‐bearing melt segregations that have been locally drained of almost all melt. Thus, mafic components of the lower crust, currently underlying relatively lower grade metasediments exposed to the southeast, may represent a potential source rock for widely documented, post‐orogenic felsic plutons, sills, and dykes that occur throughout the Grampian Terrane.     

83 Ma rhyolite from Mindoro – evidence for Late Yanshanian magmatism in the Palawan Continental Terrane (Philippines)

The discovery of a low‐grade meta‐rhyolite with an age of 83 ± 1 Ma documents a so‐far unknown episode of magmatism in northern Mindoro Island, which is located at the northeastern edge of the Palawan Continental Terrane. This terrane is thought to have rifted from Southeast China in the Oligocene as a result of the opening of the South China Sea. Rhyolite volcanism was widespread in southeastern China in the Cretaceous; hence this discovery provides the first direct link between the geological evolution of the Palawan Continental Terrane and Southeast China in Cretaceous time. In addition, it provides further evidence that the northeastern part of Mindoro is indeed part of the Palawan Continental Terrane and not part of the Philippine Mobile Belt to the east, a previously contentious issue.     

滇中中晚元古代铜铁矿带成矿规律与找矿

滇中元古代铜铁矿带集中分佈东川、武定、易门、元江等多个大、中型矿床。中、晚元古代昆阳古陆间裂谷,在演化过程中发生火山喷流沉积、热水沉积、蒸发成岩、炭泥质吸附、热液改造和碎屑堆积等成矿作用,形成"四楼一梯"的裂谷成矿系列和矿床组合模式。深入分析"裂、火、构、盆、层、相"等成矿条件确定远景区,找矿方法应重视基础、分析差异、综合找矿。