Geochemistry of Archaean volcanic rocks from Iron Ore Supergroup, Singhbhum, eastern India

Mafic-ultramafic rocks of Archaean age constitute a significant component of the Eastern Indian Craton. These occur in two different modes. In the eastern belt these occur as a long, linear enclave within the Singhbhum granite and the primary banding in them is subvertical. In the more extensive western belt along the periphery of the Singhbhum granite, the disposition of the primary banding is subhorizontal. The major rock type in both the belts is meta-basalt with minor peridotitic komatiite and basaltic komatiite occurring in the eastern belt. Rare ultramafic rocks with cumulate textures are present in both the belts. The larger volume of the basaltic rocks preclude the possibility of their being derived by fractional crystallization of the high-MgO components. On the basis of trace element and REE characters the rocks may be classified into three groups. One of the groups shows a tholeiitic trend and include samples mostly from the eastern belt while the second consisting mostly of samples from the western belt shows a calc-alkaline trend. The third group includes samples having elemental ratios intermediate between these two groups. Zr/Nb ratios for the tholeiitic and calc-alkaline samples are different suggesting their sources to be different. The tholeiitic samples have been generated from a source having chondritic REE characters, while the calc-alkaline samples have been generated from a source with LREE enriched character. The high-MgO components in both the groups are suggested to represent high degrees of melting compared to the basalts in each group. It is further suggested that the tholeiitic basalts have been generated relatively early from a chondritic source. Down-buckling of this material has added LREE enriched melts to the source, thereby changing its character into a LREE enriched one. Melting of a source with such changed character has subsequently produced the calc-alkaline melts. Rocks with variable but intermediate characters between these two groups have been generated as a result of contamination between these two groups.     

Diapirism synchronous with regional deformation and gold mineralisation,a new concept for granitoid emplacement in the Southern Cross Province,Western Australia

The Southern Cross Province in the Archean Yilgarn Block of Western Australia comprises large dome-shaped granitoid bodies surrounded by narrow greenstone belts. Determination of the emplacement mechanism of these domes is fundamental for understanding the tectonic history of this region. Many structures in the greenstone belts show trends which reflect their tectonic relationships with the granitoid domes. Some of these structures host large gold occurrences. The domes have concentric foliation patterns, both within the granitoids themselves, and in the neighbouring greenstone belts. The smaller domes only have radial mineral lineation patterns in their wall rocks, but the largest dome, the Ghooli Dome, has also a tangential pattern. The prevailing gentle dip of the foliation in the centre of this dome and the abundance of greenstone xenoliths suggest that the present exposures are close to its roof. Geothermometry and geobarometry on mineral assemblages in the Ghooli granitoid and its xenoliths show that its crystallisation temperature was just above 700 °C at a relatively high pressure of 4.3 to 6.2 kbar. These P-T conditions are higher than those inferred for peak metamorphism in the greenstones. Therefore, this granitoid must have been emplaced initially at crustal levels deeper than the maximum burial of the greenstones which flank the dome. The Ghooli Dome has a SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age of 2691 ± 7 Ma. Diapiric rise of the granitoid plutons taking place in a regional compressive tectonic regime is considered to be the most likely mechanism for the final emplacement of these bodies into their host rock at about 2636–2620 Ma. This concept is preferred over the alternatives because it best reconciles the calculated P-T data, the observed structural patterns, the presence of pegmatites and aplites in the host rock, and the orientation of the mineral-bearing structures.     

Origin and occurrence of 25-norhopanes: a statistical study

The alkane fraction of more than 200 rocks, biodegraded oils and non-biodegraded oils, have been analysed by means of computerized GC-MS, in order to investigate the effect of natural biodegradation on the occurrence of “demethylated hopanes”, i.e. 17α-25-norhopanes. The results obtained indicate that 25-norhopanes are preexisting biomarkers the concentration of which is enhanced by selective biodegradation of more readily degradable homologs, i.e. regular hopanes, rather than by demethylation of hopanes in reservoirs. However, the use of 25-norhopane enrichment as a palaebiodegradation indicator in apparently non-biodegraded oils is still valuable providing the initial background content in the corresponding source rocks is known. Furthermore, 25-norhopanes appear to be diagnostic of specific environmental conditions (marine and lacustrine source rocks, dysoxic and not very hypersaline). Lastly, one other (novel) bacterially resistant rearranged hopanoic compound, namely a C₂₉ neohopane, is applicable for both biodegradation and maturation evaluation.     

基性、超基性岩及矿产研究概述 庆祝地矿部西安地质矿产研究所建所30周年

主要介绍我所30年来,在基性、超基性岩及有关矿产研究方面的基本概况、取得的进展及今后一些展望。其中所列进展主要包括:岩浆矿床学、岩石及成因学、岩浆建造学及矿床评价和预测等四个方面的研究。     

Mechanical behaviour of deep rock core samples from a seismically active gas field

This study concerns the laboratory testing of core samples from massive sedimentary rocks from an oil and gas field. The depth of extraction of the samples analysed varies between 1000 and 5000 metres. In all, 65 tests were performed, most of which included systematic measurement of acoustic activity during loading. The aim of the testing was to determine which types of fracture could occur in the rock matrix under field-stress conditions by examining in particular the relationship between confining pressure and the transition from brittle to ductile behaviour. The results of the laboratory tests are used to predict the occurrence of seismic activity resulting from the depletion of the gas reservoir which has been monitored during the last twenty years.     

海南岛第四纪玄武岩风化壳中次生矿物转变与时间的关系

本文采用X射线分析法,从分析风化壳中的次生矿物入手,研究了海南岛北部不同地质年龄的第四纪玄武岩风化壳中次生矿物增长数量与风化时间的关系。两者关系的回归方程为Y=4.1898 207.30t,其中Y为次生矿物的含量(g/cm~2),t为风化时间(Ma)。相关系数γ=0.9977。每0.01Ma次生矿物平均增长2.2164g/cm~2。     

冀东高级变质岩区金矿矿源层分析

冀东地区金矿床大多产于太古界迁西群金厂峪组斜长角闪岩中.具有明显的层控特征.金厂峪组斜长角闪岩原岩为一套海底基性喷出岩.通过金厂峪组斜长角闪岩的岩石地球化学特征、岩石含金性、载金矿物及微量元素特征和金的溶滤实验、同位素数据资料的分析,结合野外宏观地质特征.阐明金厂峪组斜长角闪岩是冀东地区金矿的矿源层.     

耗散结构理论及其在火成岩岩石学中的意义

本文简要介绍了耗散结构理论及其研究方法,以及它在火成岩中的应用,其中包括以下几个方面:(1)基性杂岩体的层状构造;)2)花岗岩中的球状构造;(3)斜长石的环带;(4)花岗岩体的成分分带。并讨论了这四种耗散结构的形成机理。这些耗散结构都是在远离平衡的条件下,通过内部不可逆的非线性过程,由于外界的扰动和内部的涨落造成定态的失稳而形成的。其形成的根本原因是其内部反馈机制作用的结果。斜长石的环带是时间耗散结构——极限环。利用耗散结构理论简要地解释了辽宁二道沟花岗闪长岩的成因。     

砂屑岩的综合结构系数与沉积环境分析

本文讨论了砂屑岩综合结构系数与沉积环境分析的实例。 这里介绍的测定砂屑岩结构成熟度的方法是在显微薄片粒度分析基础上提出的,其中包括了成熟度、分选性、颗粒圆度和岩石的杂基等多种因素。综合结构系数可按下式求得: T=(SoΦPo)/(PΦC) 因为圆度是在显微镜下的薄片中求得,因而总是比实际投影的易反映其棱角而降低了圆度,所以采用了[p02 (R-A)2]0-5来校正颗粒的圆度,于是得出了发展的综合结构系数Td:Td=SoΦ[P02 (R-A)2]0.5/(PΦC)多数情况下Td和T很接近,只是颗粒圆度非常好时才拉大差距,因此,Td可用来检验超成熟度的砂岩。 本文提出了四种成熟度阶段:不成熟的(T<10);次成熟的(T=10-40);成熟的(T=40-100);超成熟的(T或Td>100)。     

钽钼酸—丁基罗丹明B—PVA体系光度法测定痕量钽

Ta(V)与钼酸盐在pH3.7形成钽钼酸,并在0.29mol/L的H_2SO_4介质中,与丁基罗丹明B(BRHB)形成离子缔合物,其组成比为Ta:Mo:BRHB=1:6:3。有聚乙烯醇(PVA)存在时,该缔合物能稳定存在于水溶液中。缔合物的最大吸收在588nm,ε_(588)=3.62×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),Ta在0—5μg/25ml范围符合比尔定律。方法应用于硅酸盐岩石中痕量Ta的测定,结果满意。