甘肃敦煌地区太古宙孔兹岩系特征

本文根据甘肃敦煌地区广泛出露在太古宙TTG杂岩中的一套副变质岩系的岩石组合、典型矿物组合、变质相特征和岩石化学特征的分析,认为它们是一套中深变质的碎屑岩-泥质岩-泥灰岩-碳酸盐建造,其中夹有少量的变质基性火山岩。原岩形成于具有基性火山作用的活动大陆边缘滨海-浅海环境。经过太古宙的区域高角闪岩相变质作用,形成孔兹岩系。     

大别造山带白垩纪花岗岩对太古宙基底的再造: 来自U-Pb年代学、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素的证据

本文对大别造山带大崎山花岗岩进行了系统的野外调查、岩石学、地球化学、锆石U- Pb- Hf和Sr- Nd同位素研究。锆石U- Pb定年结果显示大崎山花岗岩形成于早白垩世,年龄为124~120 Ma。样品具有较高的SiO2(69. 3%~75. 2%)、Al2O3(13. 4%~15. 3%)和全碱(7. 94%~8. 71%)含量,较低的MgO(0. 23%~0. 84%)、TiO2(0. 16%~0. 49%)与TFeO(1. 05%~2. 66%)含量,A/CNK=1. 01~1. 03,显示弱过铝质特征。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb、K、Pb)、轻稀土元素以及Th、U等,亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti)、重稀土元素以及Sr和Ba,具有明显Eu负异常(δEu=0. 34~0. 52),属于高钾钙碱性的I型花岗岩,这些地球化学特征表明大崎山花岗岩经历了以斜长石、钾长石和磷灰石为主的分离结晶作用。白垩纪锆石εHf(t)值为〖CD*2/3〗32. 9~〖CD*2/3〗15. 2,对应tDM2为3258~2140 Ma,全岩εNd(t)为〖CD*2/3〗22. 5~〖CD*2/3〗15. 8,对应tDM2=2754~2209 Ma,指示岩浆源区主要为古老地壳物质。样品中含有大量的~2. 65 Ga继承锆石,锆石εHf(t)为〖CD*2/3〗7. 3~3. 6,显示与贾庙地区2. 65~2. 63 Ga片麻状花岗岩有良好的亲缘性。大崎山花岗岩可能源自北大别变质带太古宙基底的再造,其源区还存在年轻地壳物质的参与,可能形成于古太平洋板块的俯冲板片在130 Ma后快速后撤的伸展背景。     

A new key pole for the East European Craton at 1452 Ma: Palaeomagnetic and geochronological constraints from mafic rocks in the Lake Ladoga region (Russian Karelia)

Palaeomagnetic and geochronological studies on mafic rocks in the Lake Ladoga region in South Russian Karelia provide a new, reliably dated Mesoproterozoic key paleopole for the East European Craton (Baltica). U–Pb dating on baddeleyite gives a crystallisation age of 1452 ± 12 Ma for one of the studied dolerite dykes. A mean palaeomagnetic pole for the Mesoproterozoic dolerite dykes, Valaam sill and Salmi basalts yields a paleopole at 15.2°N, 177.1°E, A₉₅ = 5.5°. Positive baked contact test for the dolerite dykes and positive reversal test for the Salmi basalts and for the dykes confirm the primary nature of the magnetisation. Comparison of this Baltica palaeopole with coeval paleomagnetic data for Laurentia and Siberia provides a revised palaeoposition of these cratons. The results verify that the East European Craton, Laurentia and Siberia were part of the supercontinent Columbia from the Late Palaeoproterozoic to the Middle Neoproterozoic.     

Rapid growth of an Archean continent by arc magmatism

The voluminous Meso- to Neoarchean rocks exposed in the Beartooth Mountains of the northern Wyoming Province of western North America comprise the Long Lake Magmatic Complex (LLMC), a variably metamorphosed and deformed association of igneous and meta-igneous plutonic rocks with SiO₂ ranging from at least 52 to 78 wt%. Within this compositional range, rock types include lineated amphibolites to hornblende-bearing gneisses of intermediate composition and multiple generations of foliated to unfoliated granitoids. Emplacement ages range between approximately 2.79 and 2.83 Ga, based on U–Pb zircon geochronology (SHRIMP). Field relations, elemental compositions, and geochronology indicate that these rocks do not represent a single fractional crystallization sequence, but rather, the LLMC was constructed by injection of numerous, discrete magmas as sill-like bodies over an ∼40 Ma period. Although there is a continuum of compositions in the LLMC, trace element abundances can be used to distinguish distinct sources and petrogenetic processes that can be broadly extrapolated to at least 3 compositional groupings: (1) trondhjemitic to granitic intrusive rocks with SiO₂ >70 wt%, (2) variably metamorphosed granodioritic orthogneisses with SiO₂ between 63 and 70 wt%, and (3) amphibole-bearing mafic to intermediate gneisses with SiO₂ between 52 and 63 wt%. Despite the range of SiO₂ contents, maximum LREE abundances are similar across the compositional range and, consequently, exhibit a wide range of (La/Yb)_n ratios (∼20–130). All LLMC rocks share a relative depletion in HFSE abundances similar to modern convergent margin magmas. Initial Sr and Nd isotopic compositions across the compositional range are consistently offset from typical bulk silicate earth (BSE) values and preclude unaltered derivation from primitive or depleted mantle. Common Pb isotopic data define a single array that lies above model crustal growth curves and, along with the Nd and Sr data, suggest relatively uniform interaction with, or derivation from, older lithosphere. The combined isotopic and elemental data suggest the LLMC resulted from simultaneous, rapid, and voluminous production of diverse magmas that represent melting of isotopically similar, but compositionally distinct, crustal and mantle sources. Dynamically, Meso- to Neo-archean crustal growth in the northern Wyoming Province appears to require an environment similar to a modern ocean–continent convergent margin with a comparable rate of crustal production and diversity of magma series. The resultant crust and associated mantle lithosphere (keel) appear to have suffered little-to-no modification prior to Laramide (Cretaceous) uplift and exposure.     

4D architecture and tectonic evolution of the Laverton region,eastern Yilgarn Craton,Western Australia

The Laverton region, located in the eastern Yilgarn Craton (EYC) Western Australia, is second only to the Kalgoorlie region for gold endowment. The integration of high-density, potential-field data, regional- and camp-scale seismic reflection data, regional- and mine-scale structural analysis, and geochronologically-constrained stratigraphy, provided new insights into the 4D architecture and tectonic evolution of Laverton region.     

Geodynamics of the eastern Yilgarn Craton

Over the last decade there have been significant advances in our understanding of the stratigraphy, magmatism, deformation, metamorphism and timing of mineralisation, in the eastern Yilgarn Craton (EYC) of Western Australia. The integration of these disciplines has enabled a holistic review of the tectonic history of the EYC which favours a paraautochthonous tectonic model.     

贺兰山高压泥质麻粒岩——华北克拉通西部陆块拼合的岩石学证据

贺兰山孔兹岩系作为华北克拉通西部孔兹岩带的重要组成部分,其成因问题一直存在争议。近来,在对贺兰山富铝岩系研究过程中,发现了具有"蓝晶石+条纹长石+石榴石"特征组合的高压泥质麻粒岩。通过岩相观测与相平衡定量模拟,确定其曾经历四个阶段的变质演化过程,即早期进变质阶段(M1)、变质峰期阶段(M2)、峰期后降压阶段(M3)和晚期退变阶段(M4)。早期进变质阶段,以石榴石中包裹黑云母和白云母为特征。变质峰期阶段,以出现"蓝晶石+条纹长石+石榴石"组合为特征,变质温、压条件为850～870℃、1.4～1.5GPa。峰期后降压阶段以峰期石榴石和蓝晶石转变为堇青石和夕线石为特征,温压条件大致为840～860℃、0.6～0.8GPa。晚期退变阶段以出现新生黑云母为标志,温、压条件为780～810℃、0.45～0.55GPa。PT轨迹具有顺时针演化样式,峰期后表现为先发生近等温降压(ITD)、后发生近等压冷却(IBC)的退变过程,反映陆-陆碰撞发生高压麻粒岩相变质作用,后又快速折返到正常地壳深度的变质动力学过程,进而从岩石学角度证明华北克拉通西部孔兹岩带是由北部的阴山陆块与南部的鄂尔多斯陆块发生碰撞所致。     

北京延庆高于庄组凝灰岩的锆石U-Pb定年研究及其对华北北部中元古界划分新方案的进一步约束

作者最近在北京延庆高于庄组张家峪亚组上部发现了凝灰岩,并测得了该凝灰岩中锆石1559±12Ma的SHRIMPU-Pb年龄和1560±5Ma的LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb年龄。这一新的高精度定年结果表明,华北北部高于庄组形成于中元古代初期的盖层纪(Calymmian Period,1600~1400Ma)早期。结合早先大红峪组火山岩的锆石U-Pb年龄(1622~1625Ma),现在可以确切地将高于庄组的底界年龄限定在1600Ma左右。结合最近在铁岭组斑脱岩获得的锆石U-Pb年龄(~1440Ma),本文再次建议,应将华北中元古界蓟县系的底界下拉到高于庄组底界,自该组底部(1600Ma)到铁岭组顶部(1400Ma)的巨厚碳酸盐岩序列都属于新定义的蓟县系,并对应于国际中元古界的盖层系,高于庄组与大红峪组之间的界线则可作为蓟县系与长城系的分界标志。高于庄组凝灰岩锆石的精确定年,为华北北部中元古界年代地层划分等研究,提供了直接的年代学约束。     

西秦岭略阳地区鱼洞子杂岩变形花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年及地质意义

鱼洞子杂岩是秦岭地区最古老的复杂的地质体。前人对鱼洞子杂岩不同的地质体采用多种方法进行了年龄测定,但结果差异较大,且总体测试精度不高。依据锆石CL影像的特征,结合锆石成因分析和锆石微区的U-Pb同位素,进行了LA-ICP-MS测定,在鱼洞子杂岩糜棱岩化细粒黑云母花岗岩和强片理化黑云母花岗岩中分别获得2661Ma±17Ma和2703Ma±26Ma的岩浆结晶年龄,同时在糜棱岩化细粒黑云母花岗岩中获得2647Ma±65Ma的变质锆石年龄。其中2703Ma±26Ma是秦岭造山带目前发现的最古老的侵入岩的形成年龄,为研究秦岭造山带早前寒武纪构造岩浆事件和地球早期的形成演化提供了新的资料。     

华北克拉通中生代以来基性岩墙群的分布及研究意义

围绕岩石圈破坏和减薄这个主题,华北克拉通成为近10年来国内外研究的热点地区。华北克拉通中生代以来基性岩墙群分布广泛,然而对此仍缺乏系统的研究。通过对基性岩墙群的系统总结,在详尽的资料收集和已有研究的基础上,重点对华北克拉通中生代基性岩墙群的研究现状、分布和意义进行了汇总和讨论。随后,结合近年来的研究经验,提出了基性岩墙群定年中应注意的问题。