福建省晋江市城市热岛强度时空变化特征分析

利用传统的气象站法, 结合空间统计学方法(普通克里金插值法), 对福建省晋江市2010—2014年40个自动气象站逐小时温度资料加以计算处理, 分析了晋江市年、季、昼夜热岛强度时空变化规律。(1)晋江市年、季、昼夜热岛强度都呈带状分布, 等值线呈西南-东北走向, 年、季、昼夜变化趋势显著, 北部热岛强度高于南部。五年间热岛强度持续增强, 但增幅不大, 增速放缓。(2)城市化水平的提高, 会导致热岛强度高值出现季节提前, 故旅游区秋冬季热岛强度高于春夏季, 中心城区和产业经济区夏秋季热岛强度高于冬春季。(3)晋江市热岛效应昼夜空间分布格局差异性大, 夜间热岛强度显著高于白天, 最低值出现在14—16时, 中心城区和产业经济区最低值出现时间较旅游区略推迟, 三个功能区的最高值均出现在凌晨。      

The Saxonian Granulites: a metamorphic core complex?

The brachyanticlinal structure of the Saxonian Granulite Complex was formed, or at least overprinted, by large-scale crustal extension, which is documented in an extreme reduction of the metamorphic profile and a pressure-temperature path with nearly isothermal decompression. the granulite is situated within a south-west-northeast trending belt characterized by basaltic volcanism and an intrabasinal, sediment-producing rise, both active in Frasnian times. These features are taken to reflect at least part of the extension which has exhumed the high grade rocks; however, Cambro-Ordovician rifting possibly initiated the process. The Frasnian palaeogeography and geophysical data suggest that the axis of the granulite dome extends at least 150 km towards the south-west. The overall setting strongly resembles the metamorphic core complexes of the western USA, but the exhumation of rocks preserving evidence of metamorphic pressures of 10–12 kbar requires much higher extensional strain, possibly due to the longer period of stretching. Early Carboniferous compression and minor post-collisional extension (Late Carboniferous to Permian) have not significantly modified the earlier geometry. U-Pb and Sm-Nd data ranging between 380 and 340 Ma are interpreted to record retrogression during uplift rather than peak metamorphism.     

白银厂黄铁矿型铜、多金属矿床综合勘查模型

在综合以往大量资料的基础上，补做钻孔原生晕、物性和物化探综合剖面工作，经理论模型正演，归纳概括出白银厂黄铁矿型铜、多金属矿床、矿田地质—地球物理—地球化学综合勘查模型，并对矿床、矿田按剥蚀程度不同分别提出预测标志。     

从第55届EAEG年会看勘探地球物理发展方向

本文根据笔者在第５５届ＥＡＥＧ会议期间了解到的情况，对勘探地球物理在石油能源、固体矿产、水文地质、工程地质和环境地质等领域的进展作了综述，指出了今后的重点研究课题和发展方向。     

层析成像新算法及其在工程检测上的应用

基于走时和振幅的层析成像反演涉及大型稀疏矩阵方程的求解，当矩阵严重病态时，目前流行的正交分解型迭代算法难以取得良好的成像效果．本文介绍一种改进的ＬＳ_ｑＲ算法，即带阻尼的ＬＳ_ｑＲ迭代算法，它应用在北京机场高速公路桥墩施工质量检测中，取得了良好的效果．     

大地测量与地球动力学─兼述它与地球物理学的联系

随着近代观测和实验技术的发展，人们越来越重视对地球运动及其机理的认识，并注意到大地测量学与地球物理学和地球动力学的联系与渗透。本文将对以上三者的联系以及大地测量学在监测地球运动和研究地球动力事件中的作用作一综述，并对近年国内外这方面的研究进展作一介绍。     

走向21世纪的实用地震学

实用地震学包括地震勘探、深部地震测深、工程地基与质量勘查以及浅部地质灾害预测等，在国民经济各方面起着重要作用，特别是在我国油气资源勘探与开发中起着并将继续起着不可替代的作用．在即将迈向２１世纪的今天，我们探讨一下实用地震学未来发展的道路是很必要的．实用地震学在２１世纪仍将在地学研究和国家建设中发挥它应有的作用，而且对它的要求也将越来越高，因而它在理论和应用方面都有诸多疑难问题要研究．本文就其发展现状、未来的理论研究和新技术的应用问题做些探讨．     

Identification of buried sinkholes using refraction tomography at Ft. Campbell Army Airfield,Kentucky

Karst aquifers are highly susceptible to contamination, with numerous points of entry for contaminants through recharge features such as sinkholes, swallow holes and solutionally enlarged fractures. These recharge features may be filled or obscured at the surface, requiring the use of geophysical or remote sensing techniques for their identification. This study uses seismic refraction data collected at the Ft. Campbell Army Airfield (CAAF), Kentucky, USA, to test the hypothesis that refraction tomography is a useful tool for imaging bedrock depressions beneath thick overburden (greater than 20 m of unconsolidated sediment). Southeast of the main taxiway of CAAF seismic velocity tomograms imaged a bedrock low, possibly a closed depression, at a depth of 25 m that had been earlier identified through delay-time analysis of the same refraction data. Tomography suggests the bedrock low is about 250-m wide by 10-m deep at its widest point. High rates of contaminant vapor extraction over the western extension of this feature suggest a high concentration of contaminants above, and within, this filled bedrock low, the base of which may contain solutionally enlarged fractures (i.e. karst conduits) that could funnel these contaminants to the upper or lower bedrock aquifers. This study thus demonstrates the viability of seismic refraction tomography as a tool for identification of filled sinkholes and bedrock depressions in karst areas.     

用于地球物理反演的均匀设计优化算法

将均匀设计、模拟退火和单纯形方法相结合，提出一种全局优化迭代算法．数值模拟表明，它具有搜索速度快、搜索能力强和不需要求导数的特点，可用于地球物理反演研究．     

Parameterisation of the Planetary Boundary Layer for Diagnostic Wind Models

The planetary boundary-layer (PBL) parameterization is a key issue for the definition of initial wind flow fields in diagnostic models. However, PBL theories usually treat separately stable, neutral, and convective stability conditions, so that their implementation in diagnostic wind models is not straightforward. In the present paper, an attempt is made to adopt a comprehensive PBL parameterisation, covering stable/neutral and unstable atmospheric conditions, which appears suitable to diagnostic models. This parameterisation is implemented into our diagnostic mass-consistent code. A validation of the consistency between the implemented PBL parameterisations has been checked through an analysis of the sensitivity of the vertical wind profiles to atmospheric stability.