华南热水成因硅质岩建造的稀土元素地球化学特征

本文在华南地区若干个重要层位热水成因硅质岩建造的稀土元素地球化学数据的基础上,讨论了热水成因硅质岩的REE特征及其与形成环境的关系。指出典型热水沉积建造的δCe为负异常,而δEu为正异常,且LREE>HREE;这种热水成因的硅质岩REE总量普遍较低,且有从热水喷口向外REE总量增高的趋势。热水成因硅质泥岩与正常沉积成因硅质泥的混合存在使稀土元素分布状况变得更复杂。     

浙江江山丁家山组层状硅质岩阴极发光特征及成因探讨

浙江江山中二叠世丁家山组,主要由黑色薄层状硅质岩、硅质粉砂岩、粉砂岩夹微晶灰岩组成。黑色薄层状硅质岩以高SiO2、富Al2O3、富Fe2O3、低TiO2和低MnO为特征,REE含量低,具弱Ce亏损、Tm正异常。硅质岩的阴极发光特征和岩石学特征表明,岩石属于交代成因,原岩可能为含生物碎屑灰岩,岩石硅化前曾发生过白云化作用。地球化学研究表明,硅质来源于正常地下水及陆源硅胶,无热水或火山硅质来源的迹象。     

Rare earth element geochemistry and Rb-Sr geochronology of Archaean stromatolitic cherts of the Dharwar craton, south India

Stromatolites associated with cherty dolomites of the Vanivilaspura Formation of the Archaean Dharwar Supergroup show a morphology indicative of the deposition of the latter in a intertidal to subtidal environment. The cherts are moderately high in their Al/Al + Fe ratios but depleted in Fe₂C₃ and also most trace elements. Unlike most other Archaean cherts, the Vanivilaspur cherts exhibit significant negative Ce anomaly, which is interpreted to have resulted from contemporary manganese deposition. The Rb/Sr ratios in the cherts show a sufficient spread to define a linear correlation line in the Rb-Sr evolution diagram corresponding to an age of 2512 ± 159 Ma and initial Sr ratio of 0.7128 ± 0.0012 (2σ). While this age is strikingly close to that of regional metamorphism in the Dharwar craton, the initial ratio is distinctly higher than that of the associated volcanics. Acid leaching experiments on the cherts suggest that they may have been isotopically equilibrated on a mm to cm scale about 500 Ma later than the time of regional metamorphism.     

Evaluating the Effects of Autofluorescence during Raman Hyperspectral Imaging

Raman hyperspectral imaging is becoming a popular technique to analyse geological materials. Autofluorescence can affect the quality of the spectra that comprise hyperspectral data sets. Few studies have addressed potential misinterpretation of Raman images from hyperspectral data sets affected by autofluorescence. Additionally, little work has been done to develop methods for identifying the spatial distribution of spectra affected by autofluorescence. This study illustrates how autofluorescence may lead to misinterpretation of the distribution of materials based on intensity at a point images. A method is proposed utilising signal to axis analysis to create images that identify regions affected by autofluorescence. Post‐processing baseline correction is often used to address autofluorescence, and most software programs utilise a form of partial least squares regression modelling based on a subjective choice of polynomial order. This study shows that an inappropriate choice of polynomial order can introduce error, which may lead to misinterpretation of Raman images. A signal to axis analysis method is proposed to statistically compare seemingly ‘appropriate’ baseline correction trials. Although post‐processing of hyperspectral data sets and creating Raman images seem simple, data quality issues such as autofluorescence must be considered. If baseline correction is deemed necessary, it should be addressed as an experiment involving statistical comparison.     

Highly alkaline,high-temperature hydrothermal fluids in the early Archean ocean

Based on the petrology of hydrothermally altered Archean basaltic greenstones, thermodynamic calculations of phase equilibria were conducted to estimate the composition of a high-temperature (∼350 °C) hydrothermal fluid in an Archean subseafloor basalt-hosted hydrothermal system. The results indicate that the hydrothermal fluid was highly alkaline attributed to the presence of calcite in the alteration minerals under a high-CO₂ condition, and predict a generation of SiO₂-rich, Fe-poor hydrothermal fluids in the Archean subseafloor hydrothermal system. The chemically reactive mixing zones between alkaline hydrothermal fluids and slightly acidic-neutral seawater are characterized by inverse pH and chemical polarity to modern hydrothermal systems, leading to extensive precipitation of silica and iron oxyhydroxides on/under the seafloor. Such processes can be responsible for the abiotic formation of voluminous chert and subseafloor silica dike, the mechanism of silicification, and the pH-controlled generation of banded iron formation that has been arising mainly from the redox chemistry in the Archean ocean. Such high-temperature alkaline fluids could have had a significant role not only in the early ocean geochemical processes but also in the early evolution of life.     

藏南硅质岩成岩信息多元统计分析

应用因子分析方法对藏南3条剖面硅质岩的常量、微量元素进行了分析,提取第一、第二、第三主因子,不同程度地反映了陆源组分、自生组分和热水来源组分的特征。结果显示,自彭错林、夏鲁到宗卓组剖面,陆源因子和自生因子所占方差贡献率逐渐升高,热水源因子的方差贡献率大幅下降,指示彭错林硅质岩以热水沉积为主,夏鲁硅质岩属正常沉积叠加热水沉积,宗卓组硅质岩为正常沉积。     

硅质岩的研究现状及其成矿意义

硅质岩以其独特的组成和地球化学特征，自20世纪初期以来一直受到了国内外研究者的注意。通过对其研究现状和成矿意义的分析，对于恢复成岩前的古地理、古气候和古环境以及指导找矿都有着重要的理论意义和参考价值。系统介绍了硅质岩的研究现状，对其地球化学特征进行了阐述，并在前人工作的基础之上进一步探讨了其成矿意义。     

扬子地台东南大陆边缘上震旦统硅质岩的超微组构及其成因

根据显微镜和扫描电镜的观察以及Ｘ射线衍射和能谱分析，在层状硅质岩中鉴定出最古老的海绵骨针和放射虫化石，提出古菌藻类微生物活动在硅质沉淀中起着重要作用。这些微生物活动形成了一系列形状奇特的石英单晶和集合体，生物成因的单晶常呈球状、杆棒状、板状、胶粒状和晶粒状，最常见的集合体是由密集分布的球形石英构成的莓群，被认为是典型的细菌成因。其它蜂巢状，双联球状、链球状和球状集合体可能是藻类细胞硅化的结果，它们     

Microfossils from the Chert in the Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation at Miaohe,Zigui, Hubei Province1

Abstract This paper reports for the first time on the microfossils discovered in the black cherts of the basal part of the Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation at Miaohe village, Zigui County, Hubei Province, all of which were observed in thin sections. Nine genera, 9 species and 3 indeterminate species (including a new species) are described. According to these microfossils, the conclusion is made that the microfossil zone may be equivalent to the small shelly fossil assemblage zones 2-3 of the Meishucun stage. They have provided another important line of evidence for the correlation of the Sinian-Cambrian boundary strata with those of the adjacent areas.