An Acetic Acid‐Based Extraction Protocol for the Recovery of U,Th and Pb from Calcium Carbonates for U‐(Th)‐Pb Geochronology

A new method for the simultaneous recovery of U, Th and Pb from ca. 0.5 g calcium carbonate samples for the purpose of U‐(Th)‐Pb geochronometry is presented. The protocol employs ion‐exchange chromatography. Standard anion exchange resin (AG 1‐X8 100–200 mesh) was used as the static phase, and 90% acetic acid was used as the mobile phase to elute the unwanted matrix components; dilute nitric acid was used to elute the U, Th and Pb. Blanks of 1.8 pg Th, 6.4 pg Pb and 8.4 pg U were obtained. The protocol was evaluated by determining the isotopic composition of U‐Th‐Pb separates obtained from an in‐house reference material (prepared from a natural speleothem) by MC‐ICP‐MS. An independently dated speleothem was also reanalysed. Based on these tests, the extraction protocol had an acceptable blank and produced a Pb separate sufficiently free of matrix‐induced instrumental biases to be appropriate for U‐Th‐Pb chronology.     

塔里木河下游胡杨气体交换特性及其环境解释

结合塔里木河下游不同地下水埋深下胡杨的气体交换参数及其环境因子的实测结果,探讨地下水位及环境因子对胡杨光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(gs)、水分利用效率(WUE)等气体交换参数的影响规律。研究表明:随着地下水位下降,胡杨净光合速率和蒸腾速率日变化最大值提前,地下水埋深越深,净光合速率“双峰”曲线趋势越明显,地下水位4.37 m以上时,蒸腾速率呈“双峰”曲线,当地下水位下降到5.91 m时,蒸腾速率呈“单峰”曲线;低地下水埋深下,光合作用受抑制的主要原因是气孔限制;随着地下水位下降,光合抑制的主要原因则是非气孔限制;适度水分胁迫有利于提高胡杨水分利用效率\.同时,结果显示: 4 m为胡杨的合理生态水位,地下水位为4~5 m时,胡杨受到轻度水分胁迫,低于6 m,胡杨受水分胁迫加剧。     

全国地震速报信息共享与服务系统

介绍了国家地震台网与各个区域台网在地震速报时所用到的信息交换与共享平台——EQIM系统,以及该系统在国家地震台网的部署,尤其是在中国地震局新的速报技术规定下EQIM系统的运行机制等。     

斜井送排式通风隧道的火灾救援通风研究

公路隧道发生火灾开启横通道后,形成通风网络。本文以重庆地区吕家梁隧道为工程依托,进行了斜井前后不同位置发生火灾的通风网络模拟。结果表明,斜井前发生火灾时,受斜井浮力效应、风流密度变化等的影响,主风机的工作压力降低,而体积流量增加;当火灾发生在斜井前隧道时,采用斜井单抽方式可实现全部火灾烟流从竖井中排除,斜井前设射流风机增压调节、斜井后设射流风机增阻调节是一较好方案;对于斜井后发生火灾,采用全射流火灾通风和斜井压入两种通风方案均能满足火灾风流控制要求,虽然后者需要开启轴流风机,通风能耗大,但火灾通风的时效性要好于前者。     

长江口潮滩沉积物－水界面无机氮交换通量

对长江口滨岸潮滩7个典型断面三态氮的界面交换通量进行了三年多的季节性连续观测,结果表明无机氮的界面交换行为存在复杂的空间分异和季节变化。NO^-₃-N和NH⁺₄-N的界面交换通量正负变化范围较大,分别介于-32.82~24.13 mmol.m^-2.d^-1和-18.45~10.65mmol.m^-2.d^-1之间;而NOsup>-₂-N的界面交换通量很小,仅为-1.15~2.82 mmol.m^-2.d^-1。NO^-₃-N的界面交换具有明显的上下游季节性时空分异特征,而NH⁺₄-N的界面交换则表现为南北岸季节性时空分异现象。盐度是控制长江口滨岸潮滩NH⁺₄-N界面交换行为的主要因素,而沉积物粒度、水体 NO^-₃-N浓度、沉积物有机质含量、水温和溶解氧含量则以不同的组合方式,共同制约着 NO^-₃-N在潮滩界面交换的时空分异格局。     

STUDY ON CLIMATIC FEATURES OF SURFACE TURBULENT HEAT EXCHANGE COEFFICIENTS AND SURFACE THERMAL SOURCES OVER THE QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU

Using monthly mean of surface turbulent heat exchange coefficients calculated based on datafrom four automatic weather stations(AWS)for thermal equilibrium observation in July 1993—September 1996 and of surface conventional measurements,an empirical expression is establishedfor such coefficients.With the expression,the heat exchange coefficients and the components ofsurface thermal source are computed in terms of 1961—1990 monthly mean conventional data from148 stations over the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan)Plateau(QXP)and its adjoining areas,and the1961—1990 climatic means are examined.Evidence suggests that the empirical expression is capable of showing the variation of the heatexchange coefficient in a climatic context.The monthly variation of the coefficients averaged overthe QXP is in a range of 4×10~(-3)-5×10~(-3).The wintertime values are bigger in the mountainsthan in the valleys and reversal in summer.Surface effective radiation and sensible heat are thedominant factors of surface total heat.In spring surface sensible heat is enhanced quickly,resulting in two innegligible regions of sensible heat,one in the west QXP and the other innorthern Tibet.with their maximums emerging in different months.In spring and summersensible heat and surface effective radiation are higher in the west than in the east.The effectiveradiation peaks for the east in October—December and the whole QXP and in June and October forthe west.The surface total heat of the plateau maximizes in May.minimizes in December andJanuary,and shows seasonal variation more remarkable in the SW compared to the eastern part.Inthe SW plateau the total heat is much more intense than the eastern counterpart in all the seasonsexcept winter.Under the effect of the sensible heat,the total heat on the SW plateau starts toconsiderably intensify in February,which leads to a predominant heating region in the west,withits center experiencing a noticeable westward migration early in summer and twice pronouncedweakening in July and after October.However,the weakening courses are owing to differentcauses.The total heat over the north of QXP is greatly strengthened in March.thus generatinganother significant thermal region in the plateau.     

祁连山区大坂山隧道围岩的冻融状况分析

通过对严守地区隧道现场基本气象条件的分析,建立了隧道内空气与围岩对流换热及固体导热的综合模型;在隧道内空气以紊流为主的情况下,分析预报了祁连山区大坂山隧道开通运营后洞内温度及围岩冻结、融化状况,并与在隧道内空气以层流为主的情况下的已有结论进行比较。     

1998年SCSMEX期间南海夏季风海气交换的主要特征

根据1998年“南海季风试验（SCSMEX）”强化观测期间“实验3号”和“科学1号”科学考察船船基大气海洋自动观测系统两点连续观测的大气、海洋资料,使用考虑到风速和大气层结影响的整体输送公式计算海-气间的湍流通量交换。根据计算结果分析南海夏季风期间海表大气要素和海温日均值的逐日变化、海洋向大气输送的潜热通量和感热通量以及大气向海洋输送的动量通量等。结果表明：这次夏季风于5月21日从南海南部开始爆发,然后向北部扩展全面爆发。夏季风期间南海南部和南海北部的大气、海洋结构和海气交换特征等都有明显差别。此外,海表温度的变化除了与太阳总辐射有关外,主要是与海洋向大气输送的潜热通量变化有关,对本次夏季风发生较晚、强度较弱作了海-气交换的物理解释,并与1992～1993年西太平洋热带海域西风爆发过程作了比较。     

冻融作用对系统与环境间能量交换的影响

通过求解古典Neumann问题,研究土壤在冻结和融化过程的热交换特征,从理论上分析了冻融作用对系统与环境间能量交换的影响.以草炭亚粘土和亚粘土为例,计算了广泛环境条件下的冻融作用对系统温度变化和与环境间热交换的影响.结果表明,冻融作用使相应过程表层温度梯度加大,热交换强度增强.     

The influences of boundary layer parameterization schemes on mesoscale heavy rain system

1.Introducti0nThemesoscaleoperationalmodel-whichisoftenused,isMM4orMM5'butMM4isusedfrequentlyonlO3kmscale.Thephysicalprocessesinthismodeldevelopconstantly.FororiginalMM4,thecomputationofsurfacefluxesisnotaccurate,andKmodelfortheturbu-lencefluxesbetweenany2levelsneedstobeimprovedbynewtreatment.Inordertostudytheinfluencesofboundarylayerparameterizationschemesonmesoscaleheavyrainsystem,sur-facefluxesandKmodelinoriginalMM4areimprovedbytherecentresearchinthispaPer.Theflux-profilerelationsforv…