西藏阿里西部地区种子植物区系研究

基于路线调查和样地调查资料,鉴定记录到西藏阿里西部地区共有种子植物319种,隶属于53科159属。其中,裸子植物1科1属2种,被子植物52科158属317种,表明该地区植物种类贫乏。种子植物的区系成分复杂,划分为5个科分布区类型和9个属分布区类型,其中温带成分分布占绝对优势:温带科16科,占总科数的72.73%,温带属99属,占总属数的77.34%,说明本区系具有明显的温带性质。而热带成分仅有几个科属作为代表,表明本区系在发生发展过程中曾经历过与热带相联系的历史渊源。此外,特有性程度极低,没有中国特有科和特有属分布,证实了本区系植物的年轻性及其较短的演化发展历史。     

晚古生代中国大陆与欧美地区植物群之间的差异及其原因

晚古生代同处于赤道或低纬度地带的中国大陆植物群与欧美地区同期植物群之间总存在一定的差异。中泥盆世－早石炭世维宪期,中国大陆以石松类的大量繁育和高度分异为显著特色,而同期的欧美地区植物群以古蕨类和前裸子植物为其主体;纳缪尔期－二叠纪,大量东亚型鳞木类植物及许多地方性植物属相继在中国大陆出现,使它和欧美植物群之间差距进一步拉大。     

福建南平安曹下老龄杉木群落生态特征

通过2 400 m2样地调查,研究福建南平溪后安曹下76年生杉木丰产林群落山坡和山洼部位的植物区系组成、群落外貌、多样性指数等群落生态特征,结果表明:老龄杉木群落物种组成丰富,共有维管束植物71科,119属,168种;蕨类植物种类比例大;种子植物属的分布区类型以泛热带成分占的比例最高(山坡和山洼部分分别为27.59%和34.55%),热带性分布成分占优势(山坡和山洼部分分别为70.11%和74.55%),体现了群落的中亚热带性质;各层次的多样性表现为:灌木层(包括幼苗幼树)＞草本层＞乔木层;坡位因子对老龄杉木群落生态特征产生一定的影响.     

Plant species diversity along an altitudinal gradient of Bhabha Valley in western Himalaya

The present study highlights the rich species diversity of higher plants in the Bhabha Valley of western Himalaya in India. The analysis of species diversity revealed that a total of 313 species of higher plants inhabit the valley with a characteristic of moist alpine shrub vegetation. The herbaceous life forms dominate and increase with increasing altitude. The major representations are from the families Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae and Poaceae, suggesting thereby the alpine meadow nature of the study area. The effect of altitude on species diversity displays a hump-shaped curve which may be attributed to increase in habitat diversity at the median ranges and relatively less habitat diversity at higher altitudes. The anthropogenic pressure at lower altitudes results in low plant diversity towards the bottom of the valley with most of the species being exotic in nature. Though the plant diversity is less at higher altitudinal ranges, the uniqueness is relatively high with high species replacement rates. More than 90 % of variability in the species diversity could be explained using appropriate quantitative and statistical analysis along the altitudinal gradient. The valley harbours 18 threatened and 41 endemic species, most of which occur at higher altitudinal gradients due to habitat specificity.     

Exceptional preservation of Upper Carboniferous (lower Westphalian) fossils from Edlington,Doncaster, South Yorkshire,UK

A new fossil‐bearing, Upper Carboniferous (lower Westphalian) locality in Doncaster, South Yorkshire, UK, is reported and an account of the fossils is presented. The diverse flora and fauna consists of plants, bivalves, arthropods (primarily xiphosurans), tentaculitids (microconchids), fish scales, shark egg capsules and coprolites. Fossils are preserved in siderite nodules and shales, and display excellent preservation and detail. Previous collecting of Carboniferous fossils in the Doncaster area has been minimal. The discovery of this locality addresses this deficit and is of further importance as such localities in the UK are diminishing in number with the cessation of coal‐mining and the reclamation of mine dumps, further demonstrating the importance and recognition of the Edlington site. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海洋贝类附生细菌区系分析及弧菌拮抗菌的筛选

对中国威海近海海域的紫贻贝、牡蛎、花蛤、毛蛤、扇贝、海兔等6种海洋贝类的附生细菌进行了分离培养,筛选得到100株细菌。从中选出45株有代表性的菌株,克隆其16SrDNA序列,进行分子鉴定。结果表明,这些细菌分布在 Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Bizionia, Brevundimonas, Cell...     

新疆沙尔湖煤田中侏罗世植物化石

首次报道了新疆东部沙尔湖煤田中侏罗世17 属27 种植物大化石和35 属50 种孢粉化石。该植物群以蕨类、苏铁类及本内苏铁类、银杏类为主要组成成分,时代可能为中侏罗早期。其地质古生物特征表明,该植物群生长的古环境可能为温暖潮湿并具季节性变化的暖温带的湖沼地区。     

Urban Biogeographical Analysis of Spontaneous Tree Growth on Stone Retaining Walls

Stone retaining walls in urban Hong Kong provided vertical habitats for spontaneous colonization by a diversified humid-tropical flora with large trees. A citywide survey assessed wall and tree characteristics to understand wall-tree relationships and identify conservation candidates. Nonparametric correlations were computed between 28 wall attributes versus tree count, tree biomass, and species-vegetation factors. Most of the 245 walls, with 1275 trees, were in residential areas. Moraceae dominated the 30 tree species, predominantly genus Ficus, and especially F. microcarpa. Natives formed the overwhelming majority, largely with pioneer and ruderal traits. The positive effect of adjacent built-up land use and negative effect of wall exposure indicated sheltering from wind could facilitate tree growth. Wall height was a key determinant as taller walls furnished more surfaces free from human disturbance and conducive to seed deposition by frugivorous birds and bats. Stone width offered more horizontal microsites for seeds to lodge. Stone roughness operated at the microscale to encourage nonarboreal vegetation. Joint attributes exerted strong influence on tree growth and less so on nontree affiliates. The walls-cum-vegetation, many older than 100 years, presented a precious natural-cum-cultural heritage, deserving protection as an urban ecological asset.     

Early Norian flora from Partizansk River Basin of Primorye, Russia

An early Norian flora from the Partizansk River Basin of Primorye, Far-East of Russia, is described in detail for the first time, in which over 25 taxa are reported. The flora is dominated by cycadoalean, bennettitalean and coniferous plants, associated with a lot of ferns and czekanowskialean plants, and with a few ginkgoalean. In floristic characteristics, the flora can be well comparable with Late Triassic Mongugai flora of southwestern Primorye and its neighboring Tianqiaoling flora of eastern Jilin, China, as well with the Yamanoi and Nariwa floras from southwestern Japan. As the plant-bearing strata are sandwiched in the lower Norian marine beds yielding marine fauna, the age of the Partizansk flora is well evidenced as the early Norian. Paleophytogeographically, the flora appears to be in the ecotone of the Medio-Triassic and Arcto-Triassic floristic regions in Eurasia, and indicates probably warm temperate or subtropic vegetation in nature. Four new species are reported in this paper, including Ctenis elegantus sp. nov, Ixostrobus pacificus sp. nov., Elatocladus elegantus sp. nov. and E. prynadae sp. nov.     

漂浮海藻与海藻区系的关系

区系是海藻生物地理研究的基本单位,是以一定时间、空间范围内的全部海藻为对象划分的生物地理单元,具有相对稳定的温度性质、物种组成和边界范围,且区系之间具有较明显的差异。然而,长期以来海藻的区系研究仅以定生的底栖海藻为研究对象,对于漂浮海藻则没有明确的定位。近年来世界各地漂浮海藻造成的藻华频发,在一些海域漂浮海藻已成为周期性存在,同时分子技术的发展为海藻生物地理学研究提供了有力的支撑,为追溯、比较漂浮海藻及其与定生海藻的关系提供了可靠的参考。漂浮海藻对于认识全球变化和人类活动对海藻分布、适应与进化的影响具有重要研究意义。本文结合漂浮海藻的特点和海藻生物地理学的基本研究方法探讨漂浮海藻与海藻区系的关系。