Phylogeny, diet, and habitat of an extinct ground sloth from Cuchillo Curá, Neuquén Province, southwest Argentina

Advancements in ancient DNA analyses now permit comparative molecular and morphological studies of extinct animal dung commonly preserved in caves of semiarid regions. These new techniques are showcased using a unique dung deposit preserved in a late glacial vizcacha (Lagidium sp.) midden from a limestone cave in southwestern Argentina (38.5° S). Phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial DNA show that the dung originated from a small ground sloth species not yet represented by skeletal material in the region, and not closely related to any of the four previously sequenced extinct and extant sloth species. Analyses of pollen and plant cuticles, as well as analyses of the chloroplast DNA, show that the Cuchillo Curá ground sloth browsed on many of the same herb, grass, and shrub genera common at the site today, and that its habitat was treeless Patagonian scrub-steppe. We envision a day when molecular analyses are used routinely to supplement morphological identifications and possibly to provide a time-lapse view of molecular diversification.     

江南古陆的构造属性讨论——以湖南马底驿地区板溪群为例

以湖南马底驿地区１：５万区调和专题研究资料为基础,指出板溪群岩石（包括其下伏的冷家溪群）不是构造杂岩,而是前震旦系正常的地层序列,江南古陆最终形成于加里东运动,晚古生代沉积古陆控制;华南具有双层基底,在浅变质褶皱基底之下有深度变质结晶基底,在整个江南古陆没有巨大外来体的明显证据,并得到地球物理资料的支持。     

古丹阳地震性山崩事考兼论地震史料的勾沉与校

从古代文史典籍中搜寻、勾沉和分析有关地震事件的记载,无疑是历史地震学的基本方法和重要手段,因之,研究时应当运用古籍学中的校雠、版本、目录等学术方法,同时亦参考历史地理学和必要的文字训诂工作。特别值得注意到的是,对于古史的著述体例要作慎密分析。汉代以后的史书中将地震与山崩皆归于“五行志”的灾异篇。之所以分列,并非由于山崩的非地震成因,恰相反之,凡属地震性山崩皆“不书震”而是为了“举重”,亦即强调其震害之酷烈。运用上述古籍学与历史学方法,笔者从“后汉书”及“三国志、“晋书”诸史书中勾沉出古丹阳郡境内以溧阳为中心的两次大震例,一是延光二年（公元１２３年）七月,再是三国时赤乌十三年（公元２５０年）的两次地震性山崩,并以此试拟其震级大于６级,且有蕴震－发震的时序特征可资参考。     

延边地区前中生代主要变质岩地质演化特征概述

延边地区的主要变质岩层在前中生代时期经历了与板块构造截然不同的构造演化,即古陆裂解－汇聚拼贴－复合造山这三个发展阶段;中晚元古代古陆裂解为古亚洲妆级发展阶段,其沉积岩层经基巴利－阿森特期构造运动发生褶皱造山,成为连接两古陆块的过渡性陆壳基底;早古生代时期,过渡性陆壳基底再次裂开,其沉积岩层经加里东构造运动,发生拼贴造山,古生代中期地壳抬升,使该区进入微大陆发展阶段;晚古生代时期,微大陆发生裂陷,该     

A technique for the molecular genetic analysis of Daphnia resting eggs from sub-recent lake sediments

The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was employed to facilitategenetic analyses of Daphnia ephippial egg banks fromsediment sequences from lakes Windermere and Esthwaite in the English LakeDistrict, UK. We present a robust DNA extraction technique for resting eggs andan account of genetic characterisation of dated resting eggs from sedimentcores using both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers. We also providepreliminary results from genetic analysis of egg banks preserved in shortsediment cores. PCR was employed to facilitategenetic analyses of Daphnia ephippial egg banks collected from both lakes. Thelong-term environmental data available from lake records can provide a backdropagainst which molecular genetic-environmental interactions over time can beexamined, providing a technique for direct assessments of population responseto environmental change in paleolimnological studies of biodiversityhistory.     

哈尼族历法的演变

哈尼族原始的历法,是将一年分成10个月、每个月固定为36天,另外5～6天余日用于过新年,简称十月历。在受到汉族的农历影响、接受了一年分成12个月的概念后,十月历与十二月历被混淆在一起,出现了有月份重叠的现象,即在生活中,注重以十二生肖纪日,以物候指导生产,纪月相当模糊,相差几天也无所谓的局面。 据哈尼族的神话传说和云南绿春县的白氏家谱分析,哈尼族从使用十月历转向接受十二月历的概念,约开始于公元14世纪,而后逐渐扩展开来,十月历渐渐被淡忘。但是,转向完全使用农历,却经历了漫长的历史时期,直至1950年还没有完成这一转变过程,主要原因是经济发展极端缓慢,交通困难,很少与外部进行交流。     

酒吧与旅游古镇地方性的建构——以湖南凤凰古城为例

随着全球流动的迅速加快,移动性理论成为解释全球化与地方化冲突的一个有用视角。在第三世界不断蔓延的酒吧消费空间可以看作是移动性的一个重要表征。然而游客带来了旅游目的地变迁,以及西方游客在第三世界国家创立文化飞地的移动性研究结论却无法解释酒吧在中国的古镇不仅成为重要的休闲场所,而且成为了古镇文化的重要组成部分的现象。文章以湖南凤凰古镇为例,运用观察、访谈等定性研究方法探讨酒吧是如何与古镇的地方性相结合的。得出结论如下：1）酒吧起初完全是由游客生产,游客消费的空间是游客在古镇中创造出来的文化飞地;2）由于游客的某些文化行为（绘画、音乐、阅读等）使得古镇叠加了现代文化的地方性,从而与同是现代文化的酒吧相得益彰;3）随着大众游客、组团游客的不断增多,原来的游客关注凤凰古城展现传统文化的习惯已经被打破,组团游客更多地只是对古城匆匆一瞥,更关心的是听觉、嗅觉等身体感觉以及喝醉的放纵感;4）由于漫步的停步与放纵同时汇聚于酒吧,使得游客透过酒吧更好地将身体安放在古镇中,这使得酒吧融入进了古镇中的地方性。综上所述,人与地方的连接是复杂的过程,带有文化与身体2种属性,因为有身体属性的存在,游客对于旅游目的地并不仅仅是审美需求,而酒吧则是在双重属性下连接人与古镇的重要中介。     

中国海港空间效应的识别与测度

在全球化和世界产业转移浪潮推动下,沿海港口已成为全球生产链条与地方网络链接的地理枢纽。与此同时,港口发展演化在推动港口自身运输体系及港口空间演化的同时,对腹地经济发展产生重大影响。首先,从经济地理学视角,提出海港空间效应的概念及其内涵,从港口势能、港—腹引力、作用通道三个方面阐述海港空间效应的动力结构和形成要素。其次,以海港空间效应的动力结构为理论依据,建立海港空间效应的测度模型。最后,以我国东部沿海港口为研究样本,运用海港空间效应测度模型,得到海港空间效应指数。以港口吞吐量、集装箱吞吐量、外贸吞吐量为指标表征沿海港口对腹地的运输效应分布格局,以港口城市工业、对外贸易和金融指标表征沿海港口对腹地的非运输效应格局,对不同区域特点和差异进行比较分析,验证模型的准确性和可操作性。结果表明,模型可较好地从宏观尺度识别不同港口及其腹地的港口经济空间效应,对于揭示港口的区位本质,比较不同区域的临港化倾向,刻画港口—腹地型城市地域系统的空间联系具有指导意义。     

Human impact on Holocene sediment dynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean – the example of the Roman harbour of Ephesus

During the past millennia, many erosion and accumulation processes have been modified by anthropogenic impact. This holds especially true for the environs of ancient settlements and their harbours along the Mediterranean coasts. Our multi‐proxy investigations in the Roman harbour and the harbour canal of Ephesus (western Turkey) reveals that humans have significantly triggered soil erosion during the last three millennia. Since the eighth century bc , and especially since the Hellenistic period, a high sedimentation rate indicates fast alluviation and delta progradation of the Küçük Menderes. Deforestation, agriculture (especially ploughing) and grazing (especially goats) were the main reasons for erosion of the river catchment area. One consequence was significant siltation of the Hellenistic/Roman harbour basin. This sediment trap archives the human impact, which was strongly enhanced from Hellenistic/Roman to Byzantine times (second/first centuries bc to the sixth/seventh centuries ad ), evidenced by high sedimentation rates, raised values of heavy metal contaminations [lead (Pb), copper (Cu)], the occurrence of fruit tree pollen and of intestinal parasites. From the middle to the end of the first millennium ad , the influence of Ephesus declined, which resulted in a decrease of human impact. Studies of several ancient settlements around the Mediterranean Sea tell a comparable story. They also confirm that during their most flourishing periods the human impact totally overprinted the climatic one. To detect the latter, geo‐bio‐archives of relatively pristine areas have to be investigated in detail. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

熊家冢古墓电阻率层析成像探测

为了合理地设计熊家冢古墓的后续考古发掘工作,需要对其主冢和陪冢的位置和墓室埋深等进行地球物理探测。电阻率层析成像具有无损性的优点,利用该技术对熊家冢古墓的主冢和陪冢进行了试验性探测。在探测中,分别布设了展布南北和东西的2条测线来控制主冢和陪冢。根据反演后的电阻率图像,估算了主冢和陪冢的位置和尺寸,为古墓的后续考古挖掘工作设计提供了基本参数。