Upper Holocene sea-level changes: Paleogeographic evolution and its impact on coastal archaeological sites and monuments

The paper presents the evolution of the geographic environment imposed by sea-level changes in selected sites of the Aegean Sea region during the Upper Holocene. The changes are due, mainly, to paroxysmic phases of the actual neotectonic evolution and to differential—in time and space—block movements, and emerged or submerged coasts. The reconstitution of these coasts is presented and, in some cases, natural harbor morphology is revealed. The use and evolution of these sites is discussed. Other sites concern coastal or inland ancient settlements or constructions affected by submersion by the sea, by the rise of the groundwater table, or by uplift movements. A general discussion on engineering measures to be applied for protection of the antiquities affected by these geographic changes closes the presentation.     

Archaeoseismological investigation of the ancient Ayla site in the city of Aqaba,Jordan

Many tens of severe earthquake damage patterns were revealed at the ancient city of Ayla. The seismic deformation patterns are of various types, including systematic tilting of walls, systematic shifting and rotation of wall fragments and individual stones, arch deformations and joints crossing two or more stones. Features of later repair, supporting walls and secondary use of building stones suggest that the damage patterns can be explained by two historical devastating earthquakes: (I) revealed in the constructions built during the late Rashidun period (644–656 A.D.); (II) revealed in the structures restored and/or built during the Fatimid period (1050–1116 A.D.). The maximum observed intensity of both earthquakes at the studied site was not less than IX (EMS98 scale). The sources of the seismic events were probably the Dead Sea Transform and Wadi Araba Faults that cross the site obliquely. The last 1995 Nuweiba earthquake with maximum observed intensity VIII has also left its clear traces in the excavated ancient Ayla buildings. The severity of the destruction was significantly increased because of site effects.     

Andean evolution at the Guañacos and Chos Malal fold and thrust belts (36°30′–37°s)

The Andes between 36°30′ and 37°S represent a Cretaceous fold and thrust belt strongly reactivated in the late Miocene. Most of the features that absorbed Neogene shortening were already uplifted in the late Cretaceous, as revealed by field mapping and confirmed by previous fission track analysis. This Andean section is formed by two sectors: a western-inner sector generated by the closure of the upper Oligocene-lower Miocene intra-arc Cura Mallín basin between the middle and late Miocene (Guañacos fold and thrust belt), and an eastern-outer sector, where late Triassic-early Jurassic extensional depocenters were exhumed in two discrete phases of contraction, in the latest early Cretaceous and late Miocene to the Present, respectively (Chos Malal fold and thrust belt). Late Miocene deformation has not homogeneously reactivated Cretaceous compressive structures, being minimal south of 37°30′S through the eastern-outer sector (southern continuation of the Chos Malal fold and thrust belt). The reason for such an inhomogeneous deformational evolution seems to be related to the development of a late Miocene shallow subduction regime between 34°30′ and 37°45′S, as it was proposed in previous studies. This shallow subduction zone is evidenced by the eastward expansion of the arc that was accompanied by the eastern displacement of the orogenic front at these latitudes. As a result, the Cretaceous fold and thrust belt were strongly reactivated north of 37°30′S producing the major topographic break along the Southern Central Andes.     

试论中西古典地理学思想渊源

地理环境、生产活动及哲学思想,是我国先秦时期和古希腊时期的古典地理学思想发轫的主要渊源。由于先秦和古希腊在地理环境,生产活动及哲学思想上的差异,因而双方古典地理学的发展,异多于同,各具特色。     

山西侯马—河津一带西汉初期的强烈地震

1989年至1987年间,在国家地震局招标合同项目《全新世古地震的研究方法和确定标志》工作中,笔者在山西省侯马至河津一带,发现了大规模地震断层和许多古地震遗迹。本文就是在此基础上,对黄土中的古地震遗迹进行了总结,分析研究了古地震的分布和特征,讨论了侯马至河津一带西汉初期强震的规模和震中。     

利用现代“3S”技术阐释丽江古城选址的科学性

 丽江古城的选址综合考虑了古城的地貌、地质、水文和气候等条件，其规划营造渗透着古代风水文化及耕读思想的影响，堪称古代城市选址中的典范。本文应用虚拟地理信息系统（VirtualGIS）技术，重现古城的山水景观，分析其科学性，为现代城市的选址与营建提供借鉴。     

旅游业的发展对丽江古城社会文化的影响

旅游业的发展对旅游目的地的社会文化产生的影响是巨大的.丽江古城也遭受着同样的命运,这种影响集中表现在丽江古城功能的转变、社会网络的变迁和文化的涵化.这些影响都是由于旅游业的迅速发展引起的,而且还在加深.只有认识到以上的影响才能为下一步采取措施来控制这些影响提供前提保障.     

湛江市古树名木资源调查与分析

调查了湛江城市建成区及城乡结合带的古树名木299株,其中古树292株,名木7株,分属 16科20属24种。树木种类以榕属(Ficus)植物最为显著,占总资源的77.9%;箭毒木(Antiaris toxicaria)、鹊肾树(Streblusasper)秋茄树(Kandeliacandel)、竹节树(Caralliabrachiata)、叉叶木 (Crescentiaalata)和牛蹄豆(Pithecellobiumdulce)等,为湛江特有的古树名木资源。分析了古树名 木资源的分布与湛江城市建设的关系,讨论了古树名木的生长状况,并提出保护建议。     

“门票新政”下凤凰古城利益格局及治理路径

凤凰古城“门票新政”是中国古城镇市场化运作中的公共事件.“门票新政”给旅游地带来新的利益格局：凤凰县政府和景区公司成最大受益者;获得政策支持的民族村寨及旅游景区旅游经济稳固提升;灰色涉旅人群逐步取得公平收益;古城涉旅商户经营收益略降;古城周边未获得政策支持的民族村寨及景区旅游发展缓慢,个别景区停业;不购票倾向游客利益受损;社区普通居民和购票倾向游客利益影响甚微.对“门票新政”下的利益格局进行合理性分析,进而探索出凤凰古城治理的3条路径：（1）规范政府行为,提升“门票新政”政策认同感;（2）建立共容利益协调机制,促进古城可持续发展;（3）引入第四方监督机构,约束监管“凤凰新政”.     

Analysis of coprolites from the extinct mountain goat Myotragus balearicus

Humans colonized the Balearic Islands 5–4 ka ago. They arrived in a uniquely adapted ecosystem with the Balearic mountain goat Myotragus balearicus (Bovidae, Antilopinae, Caprini) as the only large mammal. This mammal went extinct rapidly after human arrival. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the extinction of M. balearicus. For the present study ancient DNA analysis (Sanger sequencing, Roche-454, Ion Torrent), and pollen and macrofossil analyses were performed on preserved coprolites from M. balearicus, providing information on its diet and paleo-environment. The information retrieved shows that M. balearicus was heavily dependent on the Balearic box species Buxus balearica during at least part of the year, and that it was most probably a browser. Hindcast ecological niche modelling of B. balearica shows that local distribution of this plant species was affected by climate changes. This suggests that the extinction of M. balearicus can be related to the decline and regional extinction of a plant species that formed a major component of its diet. The vegetation change is thought to be caused by increased aridity occurring throughout the Mediterranean. Previous hypotheses relating the extinction of M. balearicus directly to the arrival of humans on the islands must therefore be adjusted.