Reviews on Ancient Halophilic Microbes in Halite Fluid in Clusions

Fluid inclusions trapped in ancient evaporites can contain a community of halophilic prokaryotes and eukaryotes that inhabited the surface brines from which the minerals formed. Entombed in the fluid inclusions in evaporites, some of these halophilic microbes remain viable for at least tens of thousands of years and possibly for hundreds of millions of years, even under high salinity, low oxygen, high radiation, low nutrient concentration. This review presents the scientific history of discovery, isolation, and culture of ancient halophilic microbes in halite fluid inclusions. We elucidated the controversy associated with the ancient halophilic microbes between geologists and geomicrobiologists. Major concerns and future perspectives on halophiles research were proposed. We emphasized that lithofacies analysis and depositional environment determination on evaporites are prerequisites before any microbiological survey, and rigorous biological protocol must be obeyed at all retrieval procedures for ancient microorganisms. We suggested that future study related to ancient halophilic microbes should focus on other evaporites such as gypsum, glauberite, and trona, characterize and identify older halophiles; clarify metabolic mechanism for longevity of ancient microorganisms.     

黄土区沟谷发育与气候变化的关系(以洛川黄土塬区为例)

黄土区沟谷侵蚀与气候变化有密切关系。黄土是干冷气候环境中堆积的地质体,只有在干冷时期才是稳定的。气候变湿润时黄土区发生冲沟侵蚀。洛川黄土塬区20万年以来至少出现过五次明显的侵蚀时期,该区河流的侵蚀与堆积过程恰好和冲沟发育过程相反,但两者在时间上可以较好地对比。     

海城震区发现的古地震事件

本文通过海城震区活断层填图工作,在北西西向极震区中部水泉发现一条古地震槽沟.海城7.3级地震地表破裂带受断层槽沟控制.经过人工开挖发现地震断层,其中发育有古地震充填楔.     

是蹄窝,不是壶穴——北京西山古道蹄窝成因考

北京境内的西部山区统称为北京西山,亦简称京西,是北京西部的天然屏障,也是京城连接河北、山西和内蒙古等地的重要通道。京西矿产资源丰富,尤其盛产优质煤炭,是京城重要的能源基地。京西风景秀美,宗教文化渊源深厚,是北京周边的宗教圣地。连接京西重要军事设施、宗教场所和数百个自然村落的古代道路统称京西古道,主要繁荣于明清年间。随着现代铁路和公路开通,这些古道渐渐冷清。但近年来,成了人们郊游的良好场所。在人工开凿修建的古道上(大型铺砌路石和垭口基岩路面)散布着许多直径十几厘米的圆形凹坑,本是运送煤炭等货物的驮畜数百年间长期不断踩踏的产物,因此通常被称为"蹄窝"。近年来,这些蹄窝却被某些地质学家当作天然形成的"壶穴"在网上作科普宣传,且被许多游人信以为真。本文从京西古道的发展史、元明清三朝京西煤矿的开采历史文献等方面对京西古道进行了考证,特别对京西古道上的蹄窝首次进行了系统的测量与描述,从其空间分布、形成的时间要素、微观特征、永定河及大石河河谷中的天然壶穴对比、人文历史证据以及与中国国内其他古道的视频资料等诸多方面对蹄窝的成因进行了讨论,证实京西古道上的蹄窝不是水流冲刷形成的壶穴,而是运送煤炭等货物的驮畜数百年间不断踩踏所形成的蹄坑。在蹄窝的形成过程中,不排除有岩石的差异性风化和溶蚀作用的参与,但这种作用远小于牲蹄踩踏的机械作用。     

山东古代气候与海岸变迁

利用有关考古资料以及前人的研究成果,分析了山东地区气候与古代文化的关系以及气候对海岸变迁的影响。结果表明,距今8500~7500年,该地区曾经是气候温暖、水网密布的亚热带景观。这一时期,遗址附近有沼泽和大面积水域,山地有森林覆盖,反映为湿热的亚热带气候环境,其植被具有明显的草原特征。距今7500~6300年,气候较今日温暖湿润,山林灌木丛生,芦苇草地茂密,河谷湖泊发育,大致与现在长江流域的气候条件相似。距今6000~5500年,气候、地貌、自然景观与今日有别,气候温暖湿润,处于大西洋期,一般称之为气候最宜时期。气温高出现在4~5℃,降雨较目前多。植被以阔叶树种占优势,并含少量亚热带成分。森林茂密,草木繁茂,湖沼交错,水域面积较大。距今5000~4500年,气候温和略干,气温有所下降。距今4000年前后,总的气候趋势是向干凉方向发展,雨量减少,湖沼水域收缩,自然环境发生急剧变化,大规模的洪水和降温事件,使人类文明活动受到了极大的限制。这一显著变化,也说明自然环境对古代文化的形成、发展、消亡所产生的影响是十分巨大的。     

Reassessing the invasion of South African waters by the European shore-crab Carcinus maenas

The European shore-crab Carcinus maenas has been present in South Africa since 1983. Despite this species’ international reputation as a biological invader, its distribution in this region has only been considered by three outdated ‘snapshot surveys.’ The present study is the most comprehensive to date, providing an update on the species’ range and the first temporal assessment of its abundance and demographics. Along South Africa's Cape Peninsula and surrounding areas, C. maenas was absent from 12 intertidal sites surveyed, except for Sea Point, and no crabs were found during subtidal surveys along the open coastline. Subtidal harbour populations were recorded in the Cape Town harbours of Table Bay and Hout Bay (previously estimated as comprising approximately 164 200 and 6 500 individuals, respectively). Table Bay was surveyed monthly for one year, using baited traps, crab condos and postlarvae settlement collectors, to assess size distributions and reproductive seasonality of the crab. Reproductive females were recorded throughout most of the year. These results suggest that the harbour populations could be targeted by control programmes, but provide no strong evidence to support the initiation of management action during a particular season. The lack of detection of postlarval settlement, even among well-established populations, suggests this will not be a useful monitoring tool for detecting incursions.     

福建沿海港口建设中的活动断裂与地震安全

本文研究了福建沿海港湾的活动断裂与地震安全问题,结果表明,福建沿海地区NE、NW向断裂发育,晚更新世以来都具有明显的张性活动,严格地控制了沿海湾的形成和发育,福建沿海地区历史上地震活动频繁,发生过多次破坏性地震。因此,在港口建设中应认真研究活动断裂与地震安全问题。     

山西应县木塔变形原因之浅见

根据《山西应县木塔损坏的原因及其环境地质研究》课题所发表的成果和资料,对应县木塔变形的原因提出了个人的看法和有关建议     

广州城市旅游形象定位和建设研究

根据国内外旅游形象设计发展趋势,提出城市旅游形象设计应有３个层次：（１）城市旅游整体形象;（２）城市旅游特色形象;（３）旅游企业形象。根据Ｊａｎｓｅｎ－Ｖａｒｂｅｋｅ都市旅游产品的界定模式,结合广州实际分析了广州的旅游吸引物,将广州具有国内外吸引魅力的旅游形象定位为：（１）商都旅游,包括购物、美食、商务旅游区作为广州市形象旅游区,并就选址、景点建设提出了初步的构想。     

基于卫星重磁资料的南海深部构造研究

南海深部构造对研究南海构造演化和油气勘探具有重要意义.本文对南海地区的自由空气重力异常进行布格校正、海水层校正和沉积层校正,得到布格重力异常,再对布格重力异常进行区域异常和局部异常分离,利用位场界面反演方法对区域布格异常进行反演计算得到研究区域的莫霍面深度分布;采用全变倾角化极方法对研究区域的卫星磁异常数据进行化极处理,并进一步对化极磁异常作向上延拓,得到延拓后化极磁异常结果.分析布格重力异常、莫霍面深度及化极磁异常特征,结合天然地震层析成像的证据,得到以下结论：推测南海北部陆缘的古俯冲带位置是从118.5°E,24°N沿北东向延伸至109°E,15°N;红河断裂入海后经过莺歌海盆地在海南岛南部转为南北向与越东断裂相接并延伸至万安盆地;推测中特提斯洋的部分闭合位置是从110°E,2°N到101°E,21°N.