以工序分析为基础的地质勘查工程监理理论探讨

建立了以工序分析为基础的地质资源勘查工程项目监理理论,即对工序活动条件和工序活动效果的质量控制.运用该理论选择盐井钻探工程为典型案例,初步分析推演了地质资源勘查钻探工程施工与监理过程中的一些基础理论问题,包括质量验收单元的划分方法与依据、质量验收的内容与监理资料的构成、监理方的质量控制手段、质量控制程序实施细则等核心内容及存在的问题,从而实现与其他行业实体工程的监理工作方法的统一.     

The response of flexible pipes buried in sand to static surface stress

A series of laboratory tests on thin-walled PVC-U (i.e. very flexible) pipes buried in sand is described. The tests were conducted in a glass-fronted test tank, the pipe being positioned up against the glass with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the glass. This allowed direct observation of the sand–pipe interactions. Photographs were taken through the glass allowing discrete measurement of pipe and soil displacements during pipe installation and subsequent surface loading. This paper discusses the influences on pipe response of installation method, cover depth and pipe stiffness as increasing static surface stress was applied. The results of the laboratory tests indicate very clearly the importance of well-controlled backfilling around flexible buried pipes to ensure their long-term performance. The stiffness of the pipe affects the way it behaves and hence its performance in resisting applied stresses. This is demonstrated by the observed changes in arching effects above pipes of different stiffness. The effect of increasing cover depth is demonstrated and confirms previous research findings regarding the influence of the ground surface on pipe performance. The results clearly demonstrate the valuable insight afforded by direct observation of the soil–pipe interaction during installation and the subsequent loading of flexible pipes.     

Prototype of a wire-rope rockfall protective fence developed with three-dimensional numerical modeling

This study uses a numerical procedure, previously validated with data from full-scale experiments, to investigate the performance of a modified prototype wire-rope fence to provide protection against rockfall. The cost-reducing modifications are increased post spacing and fewer wire netting layers. The numerical procedure provides the nonlinear response of the prototype under various impact conditions and insights into each component’s role in dissipating impact energy. A simple but effective method to increase fence capacity is also developed. Finally, the use of two units of the prototype to protect a wide area is investigated employing the numerical procedure.     

徕卡全站仪数据编码加载程序的开发应用

为了解决徕卡全站仪数据编码加载的问题;采用C#语言对徕卡全站仪数据编码加载程序的方法;从全站仪数字测图作业方法的编码、属性、图层方面进行了论述,揭示出存储在具有直接存储性能的介质上的关联数据文件:编码、属性、图层一应俱全。试验结果表明:用C#语言编程加载编码,验证了徕卡全站仪数字测图外业数据采集和内业软件成图的衔接具有完整性;试验结论达到了徕卡全站仪外业数据采集和内业软件成图的数据整体效果,有助于徕卡全站仪数据编码加载程序的连通问题。     

Trace element study in Tisa River and Danube alluvial sediment in Serbia

The contaminated sediment serves as a long-term source of toxic elements,since that mobility and transport in the environment of these elements are strongly influenced to associated solid phase.In this study,the modified Tessier sequential extraction procedure was applied for the fractionation of Cd,As,Hg,Cu,Zn,Cr,Pb,Ni and V in the sediments（Tisa River and canal sediments - Danube alluvial formation）,to obtain an overall classification of trace element pollution in these areas through its spatial distribution.Investigations of this region are important due to the widespread occurrence of metal mining activities throughout the Tisa and Danube drainage basins and possibilities of contamination with toxic elements at studies localities.Five steps of the sequential extraction procedure partitioned elements into CH₃COONH₄ extractable（F1）,NH₂OH·HC carbonate extractable and easily reducible（F₂）, H₂C₂O₄/（NH₄）₂C₂O₄ moderately reducible（F3）,H₂O₂-HNO₃ organic extractable（F4）,and HCl acid soluble residue （F5）.Analyses of the extracts were performed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.To indicate the degree of risk of toxic elements,risk assessment code and contamination factor have been used.The results of partitioning study indicate that more easily mobilized forms（metals in adsorbed/exchangeable/carbonate forms or bound to amorphous Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides and Fe and Mn oxides） were predominant for copper,zinc,cadmium and lead,which can be used as indicators for input from anthropogenic source.In contrast,the largest amount of chromium and nickel were associated with the inert fraction,which reduced their solubility and rendered them immobile under natural conditions and indicative of natural origins.Most of remaining portion of metals was bound to ferromanganese oxides fraction.It is concluded that sequential extraction results proved useful to distinguish between anthropogenic and geochemical sources of elements in the sediments.     

Estimating bearing response in symmetric and asymmetric‐plan isolated buildings with rocking and torsion

A comprehensive approach is developed to estimate relevant design quantities—lateral deformations and axial forces—in isolation systems composed of lead–rubber bearings. The approach, applicable to symmetric and asymmetric‐plan systems, includes the effects of bidirectional excitation, rocking, and torsion; and is the culmination of previous work on this topic. The approach is based on nonlinear response history analysis of an isolated block using an advanced bearing model that incorporates the interaction between axial force and lateral response of the bearing, known as axial‐load effects. The rocking response of the system and peak axial forces are shown to depend on the isolation period, the normalized strength—or yield strength normalized by peak ground velocity, the ratios of rocking frequency about each horizontal axis to vertical frequency, and the normalized stiffness eccentricity. In an attempt to develop results widely applicable to asymmetric‐plan systems, eccentricity is introduced by varying the stiffnesses and strengths of individual bearings in an idealized, rectangular plan. This idealized system approach is shown to have limited success; when applied to actual asymmetric‐plan systems the design equations to estimate response are accurate for lateral deformations but err by up to 25% for axial forces. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大比例尺航测数字化测图内转外作业中的精度控制

通过对某城区1：500航测数字化测图中，全数字摄影测量工作站上采集的数据按地形要素分类进行平面精度分析，找出不同要素的精度规律和影响精度的原因，在外业调绘修补测时采取针对性措施，保证最终成图的精度质量。     

河水样品中硼的分离及其同位素组成测定

对河水样品中低含量硼的分离方法及硼同位素组成的测定进行了研究。将约1000mL河水样品分别用硼特效树脂，混合树脂富集和纯化后，紫外灯照射去除有机质，蒸发浓缩至小体积，采用正热离子质谱法进行硼同位素组成的测定。全流程回收率在95％以上，同位素稀释法测得全流程空白为41ng。经该方法处理后的样品能满足同位素质谱测定的需要。不产生同位素分馏，测试精度基本在0.6‰以内。     

大型地下工程岩溶涌（突）水模式的水文地质分析及其工程应用

大型地下工程中涌（突）水成灾的大部分属于岩溶涌（突）水。岩溶含水介质类型、岩溶蓄水构造与地下工程岩溶涌（突）水形式密切相关。本文首先将岩溶含水介质划分为快速紊流和渗流两大系统，分析了典型的岩溶蓄水构造及其对地下工程施工运营的影响，然后给出了大型地下工程中岩溶涌（突）水的典型模式，最后对岩溶区大型地下工程防水工作的程式进行了探讨。     

Evaluation of modal pushover analysis using generic frames

An Erratum has been published for this article in Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 2003; 32:1795. The recently developed modal pushover analysis (MPA) has been shown to be a significant improvement over the pushover analysis procedures currently used in structural engineering practice. None of the current invariant force distributions accounts for the contribution of higher modes—higher than the fundamental mode—to the response or for redistribution of inertial forces because of structural yielding. By including the contributions of a sufficient number of modes of vibration (generally two to three), the height‐wise distribution of responses estimated by MPA is generally similar to the ‘exact’ results from non‐linear response history analysis (RHA). Although the results of the previous research were extremely promising, only a few buildings were evaluated. The results presented below evaluate the accuracy of MPA for a wide range of buildings and ground motion ensembles. The selected structures are idealized frames of six different heights: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 stories and five strength levels corresponding to SDF‐system ductility factor of 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 6; each frame is analysed for 20 ground motions. Comparing the median values of storey‐drift demands determined by MPA to those obtained from non‐linear RHA shows that the MPA predicts reasonably well the changing height‐wise variation of demand with building height and SDF‐system ductility factor. Median and dispersion values of the ratios of storey‐drift demands determined by MPA and non‐linear‐RHA procedures were computed to measure the bias and dispersion of MPA estimates with the following results: (1) the bias and dispersion in the MPA procedure tend to increase for longer‐period frames and larger SDF‐system ductility factors (although these trends are not perfect); (2) the bias and dispersion in MPA estimates of seismic demands for inelastic frames are usually larger than for elastic systems; (3) the well‐known response spectrum analysis (RSA), which is equivalent to the MPA for elastic systems, consistently underestimates the response of elastic structures, e.g. up to 18% in the upper‐storey drifts of 18‐storey frames. Finally, the MPA procedure is simplified to facilitate its implementation in engineering practice—where the earthquake hazard is usually defined in terms of a median (or some other percentile) design spectrum for elastic systems—and the accuracy of this simplified procedure is documented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.