沉积矿床多因素多阶段成矿论

沉积矿床不是海水直接沉淀的产物,而是多因素多阶段复杂过程的产物,工业矿床是最后阶段物理富集的产物。沉积成矿受沉积环境及地质背景的制约,它们左右着矿床的时空展布规律。造山、造陆特别是造海运动左右着成矿域、带的展布和结构,导致不同的成矿过程和成矿模式。在浪基面以上形成具碎屑结构的层状矿床,在浪基面以下,经深埋成岩作用形成成岩矿床和由变热了的承压的含矿地层水入侵而形成的层控矿床。     

海洋和海岸工程可靠度分析的几个问题

研究可靠度分析中的几个重要问题：１．直接求解非高斯过程、具有不同相关性的多变量情况下的结构失效概率问题；２．荷载的不确定性分析及其订正；３．荷载的相关性对结构失效概率的影响及灵敏度分析．作为实例对直立堤和导管架平台进行计算．     

Using hydro‐chemograph analyses to reveal runoff generation processes in a Mediterranean catchment

The paper deals with the hydro‐chemical analysis performed in order to reveal processes, sources, paths and timing of the runoff generation in an experimental catchment representative of the hilly, terrigenous and forested watershed in the Mediterranean humid eco‐region of southern Italy. The analysis is based on the data recorded at the outlet of the catchment during 2013–2014. A mixing law procedure was applied on discharge (Q) and electrical conductivity (EC) data, by using the Q–EC end members previously collected at selected groundwater, sub‐surficial and surficial stations. In this way, we found four bound curves delimiting fields in a Q–EC plot, each with hydro‐chemograph value ranges. At annual time scale, the analysis revealed a seasonal behaviour of the hydrological response, different for the wet period, when the aquifer is recharging, and the dry periods, when the aquifer is discharging, despite frequent summer rain showers. At event time scale, the catchment seems to show the behaviour of a typical hydro‐geomorphic threshold system. We interpreted this behaviour as due to a progressive addition of water from distinctive components (i.e. deep aquifer, riparian corridor, hillslope and hollow), each with originally different mechanisms of runoff production (i.e. groundwater, groundwater ridging, saturation excess, infiltration excess and soil pipe exfiltration) and response time. During the event, the contributing areas enlarge upward the riparian corridors and the zero‐order basins, where the aforementioned components become superposed and the mechanisms interact more and more. We hypothesize that the threshold values between different states of the system are defined by the intersections of the boundary curves on the Q–EC plot. Different patterns in the Q–EC hysteretic cycles are prevalently related to the pre‐event soil saturation and groundwater contributions to stormflow and recharge mechanisms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

有ARMA噪声的一种参数估计的优效性

对于有ARMA噪声的线性回归模型,本文给出了只用递推进行模型辨识和参数估计的线性方法。若用所计算得到的回归残差作为数据,采用Hannan-Rissanen的线性估计法求ARMA噪声的参数估计,则本文证明了估计是强相容的,且对正态序列,估计具有渐近正态优效性。     

A Model for Loadout Analysis and Its Programming Implementation

- In this paper, the authors use the finite element method to conduct a special static analysis for the loadout procedure of offshore structures. By introducing a variable Xmove (the distance between the relative coordinate system fixed in the moving upper structure and the absolute coordinate system fixed on slideway), adopting substructure to treat the upper structure, and using the elastic foundation beam to model the slideway, the model for the analysis of the loadoul procedure is established. On the basis of this model, DASOS-J loadout program, a program system for the static analysis of loadout offshore structures, is also developed.     

“一带一路”沿线国家贸易网络空间结构与邻近性

“一带一路”倡议致力于构建全方位、多层次、复合型的互联互通网络,沿线国家之间相互贸易形成的网络有利于加速经济要素跨区域的自由流动,进一步提升“一带一路”区域经济资源的整合效率,对重塑欧亚大陆政经版图和优化中国地缘环境具有重大影响。采用复杂网络和地统计方法,借助GIS、Pajek、Ucinet和数据库等技术手段,对“一带一路”贸易网络的拓扑性质、空间结构以及节点的邻近性深入研究。主要结论有：① “一带一路”沿线国家贸易网络具有小世界和无标度性质,遵循增长性和择优选择;② 沿线国家贸易具有典型的“核心—边缘”等级性,中国对沿线国家产业升级和经济发展具有引领和带动作用;③ 贸易网络是“混合型”结构,呈现枢纽辐射式为主、全连通式并存的联系模式,不同中心性空间分布差异显著;④ 拓展引力模型对“一带一路”沿线国家贸易网络具有较强的解释力,贸易关系存在大国效应和地理邻近效应,科研邻近和语言邻近是重要的推动力,制度邻近的影响呈显著负相关,文化邻近的正向作用相对较弱。因此,中国宜遵循“由近及远”的原则,重点强化对邻近国家的贸易渗透,再加强对沿线重点国家的贸易辐射,进而向重点国家的周边地区拓展,从不同空间层次制定差异化政策,发挥科研和语言邻近的推动作用,强化对沿线国家的文化渗透。     

城镇化与资源环境的耦合过程与解耦分析——以北京为例

探索城镇化与资源环境之间的相互作用与复杂关系具有重要意义。从可持续城镇化视角,构建城镇化发展指数和资源环境压力指数,分析评估了2003-2015年北京市城镇化发展对资源环境压力的影响,借鉴解耦模型进一步研究了北京市城镇化与资源环境压力的耦合关系。结果表明：① 北京城镇化进入了后期成熟阶段,人口、经济和社会城镇化均呈现出较高水平且增速放缓的特征,人口城镇化率从79.05%上升到86.51%。② 资源消耗总量仍在不断增加,而环境污染的治理效果相对较为明显,工业废水、工业固体废物等污染物排放量趋于降低,城镇化发展的资源环境压力总体处于中等水平且呈波动性逐步上升趋势。③ 12年间,北京市城镇化发展与资源环境压力呈现由弱解耦—强解耦—弱解耦—扩张性耦合—扩张性负解耦—强解耦—弱解耦—强解耦的演变轨迹,耦合与解耦关系反复,这种反复体现了城镇化发展与资源环境之间复杂关系及其动态演化特征。资源环境可持续性将是北京建设国际一流的和谐宜居之都的关键瓶颈因素之一。     

隧道危岩块体稳定性的地质-几何简明分析法

隧道围岩局部块体稳定性分析是隧道设计和施工过程中必不可少的环节。以地质素描图为出发点,借助投影几何学的地质-几何简明分析法,通过对块体几何作图分析的简化,可以迅速地确定隧道危岩块体的位置、几何形态、塌滑类型以及稳定性系数,从而直接及时地指导围岩支护加固的重点。最后,运用该方法对曼歇3号隧道局部危岩块体的稳定性进行了评价,得出了该处危岩块体的主要破坏方式是直接塌落的结论,指出了隧道围岩支护加固的重点,在地质工程实践中达到了预期的效果。     

微细金属硫化物分选提纯方法研究

对某些微细金属硫化物进行分选和提纯,按照一般的工作流程,可能会改变矿物表面形态,影响测试效果。本文作者对我国广西金牙卡林型金矿的微细毒砂和黄铁矿进行分选和提纯时,改用纯粹水淘洗法工作流程,所选单矿物保存了矿物表面的自然形态,满足了测试工作的需要,为该矿床的研究提供了可靠的资料。