水平层状非均质横向同性地层中阵列多分量感应测井响应的快速计算

应用模式匹配算法研究建立水平层状非均质横向同性地层中多分量感应测井响应的快速算法.首先,利用Fourier级数展开法将多分量感应响应的数值模拟转化为三个轴对称问题,并利用电阻率径向导数的奇异表达式,引入两个附加奇异微分算子,用于描述柱状分界面上的积累面电荷对共面线圈系电磁响应的影响.然后通过模式匹配算法求解轴对称问题,得到水平层状非均质横向同性地层中多分量感应磁场的半解析解以及测井响应计算方法,最后通过数值模拟结果对该算法进行检验并进一步考察阵列多分量感应仪器的响应特征.     

基于ArcMap插件的土地利用规划编制方法研究

近几年来,GIS在土地利用规划领域得到了广泛的应用。但是受到规划的复杂性等因素的影响,G1S也表现出了缺乏针对性等缺陷。本文根据规划编制的具体要求开发了一个土地利用规划编制插件。此插件可以无缝地集成到ArcMap中。在土地利用规划编制过程中使用此插件可以提高工作的效率和精度。此插件提供了一系列数据处理工具和数据库管理工具．这些工具都已经在具体的规划实践中得到了应用。     

陕西几次历史地震震中位置的匡定

本文对《陕西省志.地震志》、《中国地震历史资料汇编》(第一卷)有关陕西几次历史地震震中位置作了匡定。认为公元前32年(汉成帝建始元年九月)发生的地震,原定震中在绥德东南25千米不确,应在榆林市东南30千米的王沙坬村。对公元477年6月(北魏孝文帝太和元年五月)发生在统万镇的地震,指出参考震中既不在横山北,也非内蒙古乌审旗南,而是在陕西省靖边县东北的红墩界乡。对公元1650年9月(清世祖顺治七年八月)和公元1813年7月(清仁宗嘉庆十八年六月)两次地震的参考震中,指出安定现属子长县。     

Effects of forest land management on erosion and revegetation after the eruption of Mount St. Helens

The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens covered soils with a tephra blanket and killed the forest tree cover in a 550 km² area. After the eruption, rates of sheetwash and rill erosion, and plant cover were measured on tephra-covered hillslopes which had been subject to three land-management practices: grass seeding; scarification, and salvage logging. On rapidly-eroding hillslopes subject to grass seeding, limited plant covers were established only after erosion had declined sharply. Logging of trees downed by the eruption and scarification of previously logged surfaces slowed erosion, although the effect was small because erosion rates had already slowed substantially by the time these two practices were implemented. The factors controlling erosion, revegetation, and their relative timing at Mount St. Helens are similar to those following explosive volcanic eruptions elsewhere, suggesting that grass seeding is not likely to be effective at slowing erosion following most tephra eruptions, and that early mechanical disturbance could be an effective erosion-control measure. The results also indicate that even without deliberate conservation measures, processes which mechanically disturb a surface layer of low hydraulic conductivity (such as frost-action or trampling) can radically reduce runoff and erosion before revegetation has an important effect.     

锡林浩特－阿巴嘎火山群内的玛珥式火山

Tephra fallout is an important type of hazard caused by explosive volcanic eruption,and numerical simulation has become a fast and effective approach to assess the dispersion and deposition of tephra fallout.According to the improved 2D diffusion model of Suzuki( 1983),we edited a tephra diffusion program that can run in the Windows system.Based on previous data,we simulated the diffusion scope of the Jinlongdingzi volcanic eruption,which is the latest eruption in the Longgang volcanic cluster.The simulated results are in good agreement with the results from measurement in situ,indicating that the model is reliable and the parameters used in the model are suitable.By using wind profiles of ten years,7,021 simulations under different wind profiles were carried out,and then probabilistic hazard maps of tephra fallout were constructed for tephra thickness thresholds,1cm and 0.5cm.This study can provide an important scientific basis for volcanic hazard analysis,risk mitigation plans and countermeasures in the Longgang volcanic area.     

Statistically coherent approach involving log-ratio transformation of geochemical data enabled tephra correlations of two late Pleistocene tephra from the eastern Adriatic shelf

Tephrostratigraphic correlations commonly rely on geochemical composition supported by additional constraints (e.g., multiple stratigraphically ordered tephra, geochronological-stratigraphical constraints, and isotopic determinations), which provide key clues to restrict the number of possible candidates and disambiguate the correlation of a specific tephra among compositionally similar volcanic sources/tephra. However, such additional data may not be available or acquirable, leaving the geochemical data as sole, but challenging viable approach. In this study, two geochronologically poorly constrained late Pleistocene tephra from the eastern Adriatic –from a sand profile on Mljet Island (M-53/2) and from a marine sediment core from Pirovac Bay (PROS 721)– were correlated to known eruptions using only geochemical data (major and trace elements of glass shards), which were treated using both log ratio transformed and raw data. After the statistical treatment of the geochemical data using bivariate plots, linear discrimination analyses and selbal algorithm, the tephra M-53/2 and PROS 721 were suitably correlated with the widespread tephra generated during the Campi Flegrei eruptions of Massereia del Monte (Y-3 marine tephra, 29.0 ± 0.8 ka) and Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (14.5 ± 0.4 ka), respectively. This study showed that the correlation was hardly tenable when using the raw data, as opposed to compositional approach, which yielded satisfactory results. As a consequence, the distribution of Massereia del Monte/Y-3 tephra extended far toward the northeast, while a better chronological model, for reconstructing the paleoenvironmental changes at the Pirovac Bay location and the Holocene sea-level dynamics, could be obtained.     

龙岗火山群四海火山渣层—来自金龙顶子火山亚普林尼式火山爆发

龙岗火山群四海玄武质火山渣层为金龙顶子火山爆发形成，而非多个火山共同喷发的结果。火灾山渣组成金龙顶子火山渣锥及以东相伴随的火山碎屑席，反映火山爆发时强劲单向西风的吹指。火山碎屑席中火山渣层厚度，火山渣粒度参数远离火山渣锥呈规律性变化。     

金,铀,硅溶解性状的实验研究

在ＰＨ２Ｏ为１５０ＭＰａ，ｐＨ为１０的Ｎａ２ＣＯ３溶液中混合花岗岩的金、铀、硅溶解实验表明，温度３５０—４００℃时有利于金的溶解，２００—３００℃时有利于铀溶解，而硅的溶解随温度的增加呈线性增长。在ＰＨ２Ｏ为１５０ＭＰａ，３５０℃状态下，铀、硅的溶解随Ｎａ２ＣＯ３浓度的增加而增加。当用ＨＣｌ调节Ｎａ２ＣＯ３溶液的ｐＨ值时，金偏向溶于碱性介质，铀偏向溶于酸性介质。在ＰＨ２Ｏ为１５０ＭＰ。，３５０℃不同的碱性溶液中，金与硫化物、氯化物，铀与碳酸盐或碳酸盐－硫化物关系密切，表现金的亲硫性和铀的亲氧性。“焙烧”实验表明，构造、岩浆活动等热事件对金、铀、硅溶解起促进作用。     

吉林省金星金矿床特征及成因探讨

该矿床位于辉南—桦甸—和龙金(银)成矿带的东段,产于太古界三道沟组中,矿体受北西向韧性剪切带内次级断裂控制,成因类型为变质热液韧性剪切带型(蚀变糜棱岩型)。     

Late Quaternary distal tephra-fall deposits in lacustrine sediments, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska

Tephra-fall deposits from Cook Inlet volcanoes were detected in sediment cores from Tustumena and Paradox Lakes, Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, using magnetic susceptibility and petrography. The ages of tephra layers were estimated using 21 ¹⁴C ages on macrofossils. Tephras layers are typically fine, gray ash, 1-5 mm thick, and composed of varying proportions of glass shards, pumice, and glass-coated phenocrysts. Of the two lakes, Paradox Lake contained a higher frequency of tephra (0.8 tephra/100 yr; 109 over the 13,200-yr record). The unusually large number of tephra in this lake relative to others previously studied in the area is attributed to the lake's physiography, sedimentology, and limnology. The frequency of ash fall was not constant through the Holocene. In Paradox Lake, tephra layers are absent between ca. 800-2200, 3800-4800, and 9000-10,300 cal yr BP, despite continuously layered lacustrine sediment. In contrast, between 5000 and 9000 cal yr BP, an average of 1.7 tephra layers are present per 100 yr. The peak period of tephra fall (7000-9000 cal yr BP; 2.6 tephra/100 yr) in Paradox Lake is consistent with the increase in volcanism between 7000 and 9000 yr ago recorded in the Greenland ice cores.