Intermediate high-pressure exhumation of the northern segment of the Sanbagawa belt, Saruta-gawa area, central Shikoku, Japan

The retrograde chemical zonal structure of amphibole in hematite-bearing basic and quartz schists from the higher grade zone in the Saruta-gawa area of the Sanbagawa belt was studied to investigate the relationships between the prograde and retrograde P–T paths of the Sanbagawa metamorphism. This amphibole coexists with chlorite, epidote, muscovite, albite, quartz and hematite, and is composed of Al-rich core and Al-poor mantle. The core is fairly homogeneous and has a barroisitic composition. In the mantle part, ^[B]Na increases with decreasing ^[4]Al towards the margins, which have winchite–magnesioriebeckite compositions. The barroisite–winchite–magnesioriebeckite composite crystal is sometimes rimmed by actinolite and/or winchite with low ^[4]Al and ^[B]Na. The Al-rich core and Al-poor mantle are regarded as prograde and retrograde products, respectively. The retrograde mantle in the Saruta-gawa area: (1) is systematically richer in ^[B]Na [0.40–1.73 per formula unit (pfu; for O=23)] than that from the same grade zone in the Asemi-gawa area (0.19–0.78 pfu), about 8 km south of the studied area; (2) tends to be ^[B]Na-poorer (less than 1.73 pfu) than prograde sodic amphibole (up to 1.93 ^[B]Na pfu) produced in the peak temperature stage from the lower grade zone in the same and other areas; and (3) extends its compositional range towards higher ^[B]Na and lower ^[4]Al than prograde-formed amphibole from the same grade zone in the same area. These zonal characteristics imply that (1) the Saruta-gawa samples experienced retrograde metamorphism under higher P/T conditions than the Asemi-gawa samples, (2) the retrograde P–T path of the Saruta-gawa area passes on the lower pressure side of the metamorphic field gradient, and (3) the Saruta-gawa samples underwent retrograde metamorphism under higher P/T conditions than the prograde metamorphism. The higher P/T conditions of the retrograde metamorphism suggests an increasing dP/dT of the geotherm during exhumation. Retrograde P–T conditions during the formation of magnesioriebeckite can be roughly estimated at 7–8 kbar, 400–450°C based on semi-quantitative phase relations of actinolite–winchite–magnesioriebeckite–barroisite series associated with chlorite, epidote, muscovite, albite, quartz and hematite.     

苏北桃林岩基与苏胶造山带燕山期隆升机制的探讨

苏北桃林岩基主要单元角闪石、黑云母的矿物化学研究揭示,苏胶造山带在印支期陆内双向对冲碰撞造山后,于燕山期末Ａ型花岗岩体侵位之前,由挤压向拉伸转化时期,曾发现急剧隆升。早期隆升快,为０１３９ｍｍ／ａ,中期隆升变慢,为００２３ｍｍ／ａ。山根拆沉,均衡抬升,地幔上隆,上地壳伸展造盆成山,是造就苏胶造山带现今盆山构造和（超）高压带燕山期折返的主要原因     

Na and K distribution in agpaitic pegmatites

Composition and zoning of amphibole in agpaitic pegmatites of the 1.16 Ga Ilímaussaq complex, South Greenland record the chemical evolution of the final stages of an already extremely fractionated melt. Our results show that the general differentiation trends found in the earlier rocks of the complex are continued in the pegmatites, albeit with some significant modifications: the dominating exchange mechanism of Na + Si Ca + Al in the amphiboles of the magmatic stage changes to K + Si Ca + Al and K Na in some pegmatitic samples. Na/K ratios in amphiboles, which generally increase in the course of the Ilímaussaq fractionation, partly display a reversal during the crystallization of the most differentiated amphiboles.

The alkali trends are probably related to the buffering of Na⁺and K⁺activity by the co-crystallization of albite and microcline. This buffering favors Na⁺in cooling fluids. This mechanism is lost when analcime replaces feldspar as a stable phase in the late stages of crystallization, e.g. due to locally elevated H₂O activity. Analcime does not incorporate significant amounts of K and accordingly, amphibole incorporates more K in analcime-bearing assemblages. The Na–K variation in amphiboles in the Ilímaussaq pegmatites allow a detailed view into the late-stage evolutionary trends of a textbook agpaitic complex. The transition from silicate melt to aqueous fluid is recorded by the change of the dominant alkali ion in the pegmatitic amphiboles from Na to K.

Only in the very latest stage, virtually K-free mineral assemblages in analcime–aegirine veins support the existence of a Na-dominated aqueous fluid.     

河北武安地区斑状角闪二长岩中角闪石矿物学特征及其对矽卡岩铁矿成因的指示

成矿作用需要巨量含矿流体,而矽卡岩铁矿的含矿流体到底是从致矿侵入体中析出还是来自于深部岩浆仍有很大争议。为了研究邯邢地区矽卡岩矿床中成矿岩体演化过程中含矿流体的性质及其对成矿作用的贡献,本文利用电子探针(EMPA)和激光剥蚀等离子质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)的原位分析,对河北武安地区斑状角闪二长岩中角闪石的主微量元素进行研究。岩相学特征显示角闪石可以根据颜色分为两类:褐色角闪石和绿色角闪石。斑晶主要为褐色角闪石并具有反应边结构,由内而外依次为黑云母带、透辉石和斜长石带、绿色角闪石和磁铁矿带;基质主要为绿色角闪石,少数核部为褐色角闪石。褐色角闪石的成分主要为镁绿钙闪石和韭闪石,绿色角闪石主要成分是镁角闪石、浅闪石和阳起石。化学成分上褐色角闪石低Si,高Ti、Al;绿色角闪石高Si,低Al、Ti。利用角闪石温压计计算褐色斑晶角闪石形成于相对高压(400～560MPa)和高温(950～980℃)的深部岩浆房条件;褐色基质角闪石形成压力比斑晶角闪石降低(200～300MPa)而温度变化不大(870～940℃)的浅部岩浆房;绿色角闪石都形成于相对低压(100MPa)、低温(700～880℃)的岩浆定位深度条件下。岩浆具有较高的氧逸度,并且从褐色角闪石到绿色角闪石,岩浆的氧逸度升高,高氧逸度条件有利于金属元素进入流体相,阻止其以硫化物的形式在早期沉淀。同时岩浆高含水量促使在低压条件下出溶成矿流体和挥发分,有利于成矿元素的富集和迁移。相对于褐色角闪石,绿色角闪石具有更强的Nb、Sr、Pb、Ti的负异常和极高Nb/Ta值,这代表绿色角闪石是在流体的交代作用下形成的;结合斑晶角闪石反应边产物及其含铁量分析计算,我们得出外来富铁碱性流体的加入是必须的。"邯邢式"铁矿的成因模式不是传统的接触热液交代成因模型,矽卡岩铁矿的铁质来源应该是深部含矿流体。角闪石斑晶在15～20km深部岩浆房结晶,岩浆侵位到7～10km浅部岩浆房时褐色基质角闪石结晶,此时岩浆房接近固结-半固结状态。随后外来碱性富铁流体注入发生岩浆房的活化,岩浆快速侵位并在1～3km处定位,此时压力迅速降低使成矿流体出溶,绿色角闪石也随之形成。外来碱性富铁流体的注入使岩浆快速侵位,高含水量和高氧逸度条件下成矿流体大量出溶,这些因素共同促进矽卡岩铁矿的形成。