氟硼酸根离子选择性电极测定沉积物中的硼

本文建立了氟硼酸根离子选择性电极测定沉积物中的硼。在建立本方法过程中,做了各种干扰条件实验,得到了满意的分析结果。实验中不用溴甲酚绿,效果很好,可延长电极寿命。实验证明,本法较比色法简单、快速、干扰少,而且不需大型仪器设备,可测定0.000x—0.x%的硼。     

离子交换水处理工艺与双室逆流再生离子交换床

例举了离子交换水处理工艺，讨论了逆流再生离子交换器的结构设计特点，并给出主要具体设备参数。     

海洋多糖保湿乳剂的制备研究

为研究海洋糖类物质在化妆品中的保湿作用,分别在相对湿度为81%,43%和干燥的硅胶环境下对壳寡糖、壳聚糖季铵盐、羧甲基壳聚糖、卡拉胶寡糖、鲨鱼软骨素等几种海洋糖类物质和透明质酸的吸湿性和保湿性进行了研究,其中以壳聚糖季铵盐和羧甲基壳聚糖的保湿性能最好。通过对6种聚糖的两两复配实验,筛选出卡拉胶寡糖、羧甲基壳聚糖、透明质酸3种聚糖与其它多糖复配效果较好,并在此基础上通过配比试验得出了3种聚糖的最佳复合配方比为卡拉胶寡糖∶羧甲基壳聚糖∶透明质酸=1∶2∶2。将该复合多糖制备成的保湿乳剂与已知产品进行比较实验,结果显示该保湿乳剂具有良好的保湿效果。另外,本文还在相对湿度43%条件下考察了Ca2 ,Mg2 ,Zn2 对该复合多糖保湿性能的影响,结果表明这3种金属离子对多糖的保湿性都有一定程度的提高。     

黄河水中镉（Ⅱ）与悬浮粒子液—固界面交换反应的研究

本文研究了黄河悬浮粒子与镉（Ⅱ）相互作用的离子交换率（％）—pH曲线，以及河水中赖氨酸存在下对该曲线的影响。主要结果有；（1）镉以Cd（OH）+形式在悬浮粒子上进行阳离子交换，在天然pH下（8．0×8．5），镉离子交换率接近最大值；（2）镉离子浓度由8．9×10－6mol·L－1增加到2×8．9×10－6mol．L－1时，离子交换率降低；（3）浓度为6．8×10－6mol·L－1的赖氨酸对提高离子交换率起促进作用；（4）交换剂为转化沙的镉离子交换率比未转化沙小；（5）海水、金沙江水中悬浮粒子对镉的吸附弱于黄河水。     

离子色谱法检测二次精盐水中的痕量铵

建立了利用分离-抑制型电导检测离子色谱法测定30%二次精盐水中痕量铵的方法。以高容量IonPac CS16阳离子交换分离柱分离,甲烷磺酸淋洗液一步梯度洗脱,抑制型电导检测。对铵离子检测方法的线性范围为5~100μg/L,相关系数为0.9995,铵的检出限(S/N=3)为1.9μg/L。方法成功用于二次精盐水中痕量铵的检测。对样品进行加标回收试验,回收率为88%~107%。样品只需简单稀释、过滤后即可直接进样分析。方法操作简单、选择性好、灵敏度高。     

氧弹燃烧-离子色谱法测定电子元器件中的卤素

采用氧瓶燃烧法对电子元器件样品进行燃烧,用碳酸钠作为吸收液进行吸收,离子色谱法分离测定微量卤素离子。选择的色谱条件为:IonPac AS22离子交换柱,碳酸盐等度淋洗,抑制型电导检测。对色谱方法进行了比较详尽的讨论,并给出了判断"假阳性"的一些推荐方法。选定的方法具有灵敏度高、选择性好、操作简单、价格便宜、对环境友好等特点,适合大规模推广使用。     

Measurement of SIMS Instrumental Mass Fractionation of Pb Isotopes During Zircon Dating

An igneous zircon reference material (OG1) was characterised for U-Pb isotopes by ID-TIMS, and utilised to evaluate SIMS (SHRIMP) instrumental mass fractionation (IMF) of radiogenic Pb isotopes (²⁰⁷Pb*/²⁰⁶Pb*). The TIMS ²⁰⁷Pb*/²⁰⁶Pb* reference value for OG1 was 0.29907 ± 0.00011 (95% confidence limit), 3465.4 ± 0.6 Ma. The high ²⁰⁷Pb* (∼ 30 μg g⁻¹), negligible common Pb, and isotopic homogeneity permitted precise (± 1–2‰) ²⁰⁷Pb*/²⁰⁶Pb* measurements within the analytical sessions. External reproducibility of mean ²⁰⁷Pb*/²⁰⁶Pb* ratios between sessions was demonstrated for one instrument, yielding a mean IMF of +0.87 ± 0.49‰. The mean ²⁰⁷Pb*/²⁰⁶Pb* ratios between instruments were dispersed beyond uncertainties, with session IMF values from +3.6 ± 1.7‰ to −2.4 ± 1.3‰, and a grand mean IMF value (twenty-six sessions) of +0.70 ± 0.52‰, indicating a tendency towards elevated ²⁰⁷Pb*/²⁰⁶Pb*. The specific causes of variability in IMF are unclear, but generally reflect subtle differences in analytical conditions. The common practice in SIMS of assuming that IMF for Pb⁺ is insignificant could result in systematic age biases and underestimated uncertainties, of critical importance for precise correlation of Precambrian events. Nevertheless, a zircon RM such as OG1 can be readily incorporated into routine dating to improve ²⁰⁷Pb*/²⁰⁶Pb* accuracy and external reproducibility.     

离子色谱梯度淋洗技术检测水中阴离子

通过实验确定了使用梯度淋洗技术检测矿泉水中阴离子的方法。检出限能够达到5.4～25.5ng/mL,精密度能够达到0.33%～1.10%。     

天然石墨--形成的实验证据和特殊应用

简要讨论了碳前驱物的石墨化现象,总结了当有或无其他矿物共存环境下碳材料在承压条件下发生石墨化的实验结果。以这些实验研究成果为基础,讨论了自然界石墨生成的机理。此外,对天然石墨的某些特殊应用作了综述,如用作可再充电锂离子电池的阳极材料,特别是片状石墨用作泄漏重油的吸附材料等。     

Hydrogen Isotopic Compositions of Pyroxenes in Nushan Peridotite Xenoliths,SE China

Hydrogen isotopic compositions of pyroxenes in peridotite xenohths from the Nushan volcano, Anhui Province, SE China have been obtained using an ion probe (Cameca 1270). D/H ratios are constant within a single grain and among the different grains from the same sample. The lack of correlation between the D/H ratios and the hydrogen contents indicates that the hydrogen isotopic compositions are inherited from their mantle source. Combining with the δD values of coexisting amphiboles, it is inferred that the Nushan mantle experienced at least a two-stage metasomatic event.One was responsible for formation of amphiboles with extremely variable δD values, and the other was probably responsible for the high δD values (up to -20‰) of some clinopyroxenes from peridotites, clinopyroxene and mica megacrysts. High δD values point to a subduction-related fluid being involved in one metasomatic event. The primary δD values (-90‰ to -140‰) of the Nushan pyroxenes, together with data gleaned from the literature, suggest that the D/H ratios of the nominally anhydrous mineral reservoir might have differed from that of the other mantle hydrogen in being relatively depleted in D.