亚洲奥陶系牙形刺生物地层研究进展

牙形刺是奥陶纪地层划分的主导化石门类,目前已建立了可以全球对比的牙形刺生物化石带,但还缺乏对洲际尺度牙形刺生物带对比资料,特别缺乏精细年代控制的牙形刺生物地层资料。以研究程度较高的亚洲地区为例,梳理了亚洲内部奥陶纪牙形刺生物地层研究资料,初步建立了亚洲地区牙形刺生物地层对比格架,结合国际地质年表研究进展,提出了亚洲地区奥陶纪牙形刺研究需要解决的问题,即以目前执行的IGCP 652项目中国工作组研究任务为依托,开展我国鄂尔多斯西南缘奥陶系多重地层研究,有望获得高精度年代控制的奥陶纪牙形刺生物地层资料。     

甘蒙北山地区海相二叠系时代及其区域对比

甘蒙北山地区海相二叠系是中亚造山带最年轻的海相地层之一,但其精确时代尚缺少高精度年龄数据约束。此次研究获得北山地区双堡塘组火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄285.7±2.9 Ma、280.9±2.8 Ma、279.2±4.8 Ma和272.7±2.6 Ma。同位素年龄和古生物组合证明北山海相二叠系时间延限为早二叠世亚丁斯克期—中二叠世卡匹敦期(Artinskian-Capitanian,286~265Ma),其中双堡塘组、菊石滩组和金塔组时代分别主要为亚丁斯克—沃德期(Wordian)、沃德期和卡匹敦期。区域对比表明中亚造山带新疆北部地区的海相沉积最终消失在早二叠世空谷期(Kungurian)之前(288Ma),而甘蒙北山和内蒙古地区海相沉积可持续至中二叠世卡匹敦期(265Ma)。     

华北石炭,二叠纪孢粉生物地层序列和石炭,二叠系界线

本文研究了华北聚煤区１３条剖面的孢粉资料，划分了七个组合带，建立了石炭、二叠纪孢粉生物地层序列。根据孢粉组合发育特征的分析，认为石炭、二叠系界线应置于第Ⅱ组合带与第Ⅲ组合带之间。     

Problems correlating the late Brigantian–Arnsbergian Western European substages within northern England

A detailed study of foraminiferal assemblages recorded in limestones from northern England in the Stainmore Trough and Alston Block permits their assignment to different European substages than in previous studies. Comparisons with foraminiferal assemblages, mostly from Russia, allow the biozonations to be correlated with the Viséan, Serpukhovian and Bashkirian international stages, as well as with the Russian (and Ukrainian) substages for the Serpukhovian (Tarussian, Steshevian, Protvian and Zapaltyubian). The Scar Limestone and Five Yard Limestone Members are assigned to the Tarussian and, thus, represent the lowermost part of the formal Serpukhovian Stage. This new correlation coincides closely with the first occurrence of the conodont Lochriea ziegleri from levels equivalent to the Single Post Limestone that could potentially form the revised base for the Serpukhovian. The Three Yard Limestone Member is correlated with the base of the Steshevian substage which also includes the Four Fathom Limestone Member, Great Limestone Member and Little Limestone. The base of the Protvian is considered to lie within the Crag Limestone, whereas the Rookhope Shell Band contains foraminiferal assemblages more typical of the Zapaltyubian in the Ukraine and Chernyshevkian in the Urals. Assemblages of the Upper Fell Top Limestone and Grindstone/Botany Limestones contain foraminiferal species that have been used for the recognition of the Bashkirian elsewhere. There is no other fossil group which allows the calibration of those foraminiferal assemblages, because ammonoids are virtually absent in the shallow‐water cyclothemic successions and conodonts have not been studied in detail in this region. The Mid‐Carboniferous boundary and the Voznessenian substage might be reasonably located below the Upper Fell Top Limestone. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Biostratigraphic Analysis of the Top Layer of Sediment Cores from the Reference and Test Sites of the INDEX Area

Abstract

Radiolarian fossil study in the sediment cores collected during the pre- and postdisturbance cruises of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Indian Ocean Experiment (INDEX) program of deep sea mining in the Central Indian Ocean Basin suggests a pronounced directional deposition of fossil radiolarians exhumed during the deep sea benthic disturbance experiment. The relative occurrences of the Stylatractus universus species that became extinct ～0.425 million years before present were mostly confined to the older and deeper strata of the sediment of the disturbance tract in the southwestern direction. This pattern is remarkable and suggests that the disturbance plume has been preferentially redeposited in the southwestern direction. This observation is in concurrence with the prevailing southwestern abyssal current during the disturbance experiment in the Central Indian Basin.     

Late Viséan–Serpukhovian foraminiferans and calcareous algae from the Adarouch region (central Morocco), North Africa

Three Upper Viséan to Serpukhovian limestone formations from the Adarouch region (central Morocco), North Africa, have been dated precisely using foraminiferans and calcareous algae. The lower and middle part of the oldest formation, the Tizra Formation (Fm), is assigned to the latest Asbian (upper Cf6γ Subzone), and its upper part to the Early Brigantian (lower Cf6δ Subzone). The topmost beds of this formation are assigned to the Late Brigantian (upper Cf6δ Subzone). The lower part of the succeeding Mouarhaz Fm is also assigned to the Late Brigantian (upper Cf6δ Subzone). The Akerchi Fm is younger than the other formations within the region, ranging from the latest Brigantian (uppermost Cf6δ Subzone) up to the Serpukhovian (E₁–E₂). The base of the Serpukhovian (Pendleian Substage, E₁) is repositioned, to coincide with the appearance of a suite of foraminiferans including Archaediscus at tenuis stage, Endothyranopsis plana, Eostaffella pseudostruvei, Loeblichia ukrainica, Loeblichia aff. minima and Biseriella? sp. 1. The upper Serpukhovian (Arnsbergian Substage, E₂) is marked by the first appearance of Eostaffellina ex. gr. paraprotvae and Globoomphalotis aff. pseudosamarica. The biostratigraphical scheme used for the reassessment of the foraminiferal zones and subzones in the Adarouch area closely compares with that for the British succession in northern England (Pennine Region), where the stratotypes of the Upper Viséan (Asbian and Brigantian) and Early Serpukhovian (Pendleian) substages are located. Thus, a succession equivalent to an interval from the Melmerby Scar Limestone to the Great (or Little) Limestone is recognized. These assemblages are also compared to other foraminiferal zones proposed in other regions of Morocco. Several foraminiferans have been identified that are proposed as potential Serpukhovian markers for other basins in Western Europe, and compared to sequences in Russia and the Donets Basin, Ukraine. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Foraminiferal sequence biostratigraphy of the Oligo‐Miocene Janjukian strata from Torquay,southeastern Australia

The foraminiferal fauna from two holes near the coastal section of marls and limestones at Torquay is dominated by inner to mid‐shelf benthic forms, especially the cibicidids, discorbids and miliolids. Planktonic species are rare and rarely age‐diagnostic. A cluster analysis of the species occurrences and relative abundances identified four assemblages, A to D up‐section. These assemblages also closely correspond to lithological changes characterising lithostratigraphic units: Angahook Formation (assemblage A), lower and upper Jan Juc Formation (B, C) and Puebla Clay (D). Biofacies trends based on the relative abundances of inner and outer neritic taxa led to the recognition of third‐order sequences and boundaries equivalent to TB1.1 to TB1.4, confirming a previous identification on sedimentological grounds. They demonstrate that foraminiferal assemblages were directly influenced by third‐order sea‐level fluctuations and can be used to predict third‐order sequences. The long‐uncertain regional Oligocene‐Miocene boundary is placed at the Jan Juc Formation—Puebla Clay contact, across which there was a major faunal change. Several benthic forms disappeared, at least temporarily: Cibicidoides perforatus, Amphistegina lessonii and Pararotalia mackayi. The typical Miocene planktonic taxa Globoquadrina dehiscens and Globoturborotalita brazieri made their first appearance. These events were associated with an increase in inner neritic benthos signalling a low sea‐level, consistent with the contemporaneous global pattern.     

冀北滦平盆地大北沟组叶肢介生物地层特征与大北沟阶单位层型的建立

滦平县火斗山乡张家沟榆树下村大北沟组(J3d)剖面地层连续,顶底清楚,化石丰富,以沉积岩为主夹少量火山岩,可分为3个岩性段。1段含孢粉化石;2至3段化石极为丰富,有叶肢介、昆虫、介形类、双壳、腹足类、鲎虫、鱼、植物等化石。其中叶肢介化石自大北沟组近底部一直分布于顶部,可见至少25个化石层,计5科9属36种,统属于尼斯托叶肢介群(Nestoria Fauna)。自下而上又可进一步划分为3个叶肢介化石带。以最底部化石带中Nestoria pissovi, Jibeilimnadia ovata的首现为标志,即为大北沟阶的开始,榆树下剖面可作为大北沟阶理想的单位层型剖面。根据化石组合、地层层序、区域地层对比及同位素年代资料,大北沟阶的时代应为晚侏罗世,可能更近于晚侏罗世晚期。文中描述了一些叶肢介属种。