张广才岭南部杨木岗组的厘定及物源分析

本文通过岩石组合特征和区域对比，将张广才岭南部西蛤拉河子—大锅盔一带分布的浅变质地层重新厘定为杨木岗组。为了确定杨木岗组的形成时代和沉积物源，进行了碎屑锆石U- Pb年代学和微体古生物地层学研究。锆石大多数呈自形—半自形晶，显示典型振荡岩浆生长环带，暗示其岩浆成因。该地层中测得的两组碎屑锆石U- Pb产生多组谐和年龄，其中PM010- TW样品56个测点最小峰值(谐和)年龄为307 Ma，DB02- TW样品51个测点最小峰值(谐和)年龄为275 Ma；覆盖在杨木岗组之上的中生代二浪河组安山岩的定年结果为181. 1±0. 9 Ma，表明杨木岗组形成于早二叠世晚期。杨木岗组中获取疑源类化石组合出现了新元古代晚期—早寒武世和奥陶纪地层常见分子，结合碎屑锆石年龄结果，反映杨木岗组沉积时周围存在早古生代和中—新元古代地质体。碎屑沉积岩Al2O3/TiO2平均值为24. 44，稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线具有轻稀土富集、重稀土稳定和负Eu异常特征，结合碎屑锆石的年龄频数可以看出，确定杨木岗组的沉积物主要来源于沉积盆地周围的晚古生代早期中酸性火成岩，次要物源由沉积盆地周边的早古生代地质体和近地表的中—新元古代地质体提供。佳木斯地块为松嫩- 张广才岭地块上晚古生代地层的形成提供了部分物源，暗示佳木斯地块与松嫩- 张广才岭地块于早二叠世之前已完成拼合。     

安徽巢湖地区下三叠统综合层序

印度阶一奥伦尼克阶界线的全球层型候选剖面之一位于安徽巢湖地区;巢湖地区的下三叠统也是国际上同期地层中生物地层序列最有代表性、多重地层学手段应用齐备、研究效果最好的地层序列之一。根据巢湖地区3条代表性下三叠统剖面的岩石地层、生物地层和碳同位素地层的最新研究成果归纳出本区早三叠世综合地层序列,作为区域地层对比研究的标准．巢湖的下三叠统明确包含8个牙形石带和6个菊石带。它们具有区域甚至全球对比意义;巢湖地区早三叠世碳同位素δ^13Ccarb的演变呈现2个显著的漂移周期,这种有特色的碳同位素漂移,不仅具有地层学价值,而且可能对于三叠纪初的生物复苏和生态系演变具有指导意义．在综合地层序列基础上,将3条剖面的古地磁学研究成果链接,形成了巢湖地区完整的早三叠世磁性地层序列,包括5个主要的正向极性带和5个反向极性带,这也是目前在本区乃至华南获得的最完整的早三叠世磁极性序列之一．这些为该区域乃至全球相关地层研究树立了一个基本格架。     

Binary coefficients: A theoretical and empirical study

Binary coefficients can be assigned to several categories on the basis of algebraic and conceptual properties. The phi coefficient of association is related algebraically to the chi-square statistic for 2-by-2 contingency tables, and use of this coefficient in cluster analysis permits the objective, nonarbitrary partitioning of objects among groups on the basis of previously selected levels of significant, positive association. Similarity, matching, and distance coefficients possess neither conceptual nor operational statistical meaning for many geological data sets. The weighted pair group method and flexible clustering strategy may give an overly conservative partitioning of objects among groups. Clustering by the unweighted pair group method, using the phi coefficient, is recommended for the analysis of biostratigraphic and paleoecologic presence—absence data.     

从综合地层学观点论华南浅海相泥盆系—石炭系的分界

生物地层学、事件地层学和层地层学综合研究表明，华南浅海相区与Ｓｉｐｈｏｎｏｄｅｌｌａｐｒａｅｓｕｌｃａｔａ带和Ｓ．ｓｕｌｃａｔａ带之间的界线相当的泥盆系－石炭系的界线不仅高于Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ带楔界，而且还应高于引起Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ绝灭的海退事件层的顶界。     

藏北色哇地区索布查组、曲色组岩石地层、层序地层、生物地层特征及三叠系与侏罗系界线

对藏北羌塘盆地南缘色哇地区的三叠纪与侏罗纪地层进行研究,在下侏罗统曲色组之下发现了一套以灰岩为主的地层,建立了索布查组,该组下部产晚三叠世腕足类、双壳类、六射珊瑚,上部产早侏罗世菊石,因此确定索布查组地质时代为晚三叠世—早侏罗世。三叠系-侏罗系界线应在索布查组之内,三叠系与侏罗系可能为整合接触。     

寒武系崮山阶三叶虫生物地层新认识

由于Diceratocephalus已在华北的若干地点找到,如莱芜九龙山、淄博黑石寨和泰安大汶口,Dicerato-cephalus三叶虫亚带可以提升为三叶虫带,这样崮山阶便包含了4个三叶虫带(自上而下)Diceratoceph alusarma-tus带、Drepanura premesnili带、Blackwelderia paronai带和Damesella paronai带。     

黑龙江东部早白垩世生物地层学研究的主要进展

巴列姆期的菊石、巴列姆期—阿尔必期的海相双壳类、早白垩世的沟鞭藻、放射虫和有孔虫等的发现 ,均证实了黑龙江东部含煤地层龙爪沟群、鸡西群和大架山组的时代为早白垩世中、晚期。鸡西群中含有热河或威替姆动物化石群中常见的双壳类化石 ,这一事实似乎暗示着中国热河或俄罗斯威替姆动物化石群为早白垩世时代。早白垩世 ,特别是巴列姆期—阿尔必期 ,沿大架山—云山—虎林-裴德—鸡西一线北东东方向存在着一条向东 (古太平洋 )开口 ,但由东向西变浅的狭长海湾。多次海侵和海泛沿着这一海湾由东向西至鸡西后向南和向北 ,并可能向西扩散。正是这一海湾和海平面的升降控制着东北地区的早白垩世的气候、地理、生物群落的演变、甚至煤的聚集和油的形成     

日本早白垩世非海相软体动物群组合

日本具有4个标志早白垩世的半咸水和淡水软体动物群组合:欧特里沃期—早巴列姆期的立川和菖蒲动物群组合,晚巴列姆期的濑林动物群组合和早阿普特期动物群组合。纯非海相下白垩统大量分布于日本东北部(本州岛北部)的部分地区,以及日本中部、西南部的内带。在日本东北部的部分地区以及日本西南部的外带(四国岛与本州岛中部),从巴列姆阶下部往上有一些海相地层夹在非海相层中,这为研究非海相动物群提供了准确的年代依据。生物组合之间在种一级水平上的区别,主要由环境的差异而引起。1)立川动物群组合(欧特里沃期—早巴列姆期),含有半咸水Hayamina naumanni组合和淡水Megasphaerioides okurodaniensis组合;手取群的Okurodani、Kuwajima和Izuki三个组内的淡水软体动物可与本动物组合相对比;2)菖蒲动物群组合(欧特里沃期—早巴列姆期),含有Eomiodon nipponicus组合;3)濑林动物群组合(晚巴列姆期),含有Costocyrena radiatostriata组合,可与手取群的Kitadani组和日本东北部关门群的Sengoku组以及Monomiyama组的淡水软体动物组合相对比;4)日比原动物群组合(早阿普特期),含有Costocyrena minor组合,关门群Wakamiya组的淡水软体动物可与本动物组合相对比。     

湖南张家界地区志留纪晚期地层新见兼论小溪组的时代

就华南板块而言,志留纪晚期(Ludlow世—Pridoli世)近岸浅海、非笔石相地层多分布在边缘海湾处,是否在扬子地台内部发育,以往尚无确凿记载。依据来自湘西北张家界—桑植地区新近发现的微体化石(主要指植物碎片),确认志留纪晚期地层在扬子地台内部确实存在。对原小溪组(又称小溪峪组)进行厘定,将它"一分为二":上部仍称小溪组,命名地在桑植瑞塔铺,发育最好的是张家界温塘剖面,岩性为黄绿色碎屑岩,富含大型虫管遗迹化石,时代为Ludlow晚期—Pridoli早期;下部称迴星哨组,归于Llandovery统Telychian阶上部。小溪组与迴星哨组之间为假整合接触,缺失Telychian末期、Wenlock世和Ludlow世早期地层。由此得出结论:在"扬子上升"后,扬子地台内部曾被志留纪晚期的海水侵漫;对其他地区迴星哨组与上覆地层的研究需要细化。     

Biostratigraphy,sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the Tournaisian–Viséan transitional strata in South China (Guangxi)

The biostratigraphy and sedimentological evolution of the Tournaisian–Viséan (T–V) transitional strata in South China (Guangxi) have been investigated. The sediments were deposited on a carbonate platform and in slope and basinal environments. In the T–V transitional strata, six foraminiferal associations have been distinguished which allow correlation between the shallow and deep water deposits. A careful examination of the evolutionary stages of the foraminifer Eoparastaffella provides a more accurate criterion for the definition of the T–V boundary, but does not significantly modify the historical one. The distinction of two morphotypes is based on the elevation of the last whorl and the peripheral outline. Tournaisian specimens of Eoparastaffella have a well rounded periphery (morphotype 1) contrasting with the subangular periphery of younger Viséan specimens (morphotype 2). A coefficient can be deduced from simple biometric measurements for more precisely defining the T–V boundary. The sequence stratigraphy of the T–V strata in South China has been reconstructed by combining biostratigraphical and sedimentological data. It allowed the correlation of the T–V transitional strata between the platform area and the slope and basinal locations. Late Tournaisian strata were deposited during a highstand systems tract. Near the end of the Tournaisian, a major drop in relative sea-level led to the development of an unconformity in the platform area. Lowstand deposits formed during latest Tournaisian time in the basin where a detailed biostratigraphic framework has been devised. Sediments deposited during the ensuing transgressive systems tract overlie the late Tournaisian highstand sediments in the platform area and the latest Tournaisian lowstand deposits in the basin. A major drop in relative sea-level near the end of the Tournaisian has been recognized worldwide. Therefore, the possibility of using the sequence stratigraphy of the T–V strata in South China for worldwide correlations should be investigated. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.