CTA评价颈动脉斑块成分及体积与脑血管症状相关性

目的:采用CTA探讨脉颈动脉分叉部、颈内动脉虹吸段斑块成分和体积的差异、及其对脑血管事件的预测价值。方法:纳入行颈动脉CTA检查患者100人,其中男性65人,女性35人,平均年龄(55±9)岁。根据CT值的不同区分颈动脉分叉处及虹吸段斑块成分(脂质斑块<60 HU;混合斑块60~130 HU;钙化斑块>130 HU),并测量各成分斑块体积。分别使用独立样本T检验、χ2检验分析颈内动脉虹吸段与颈总动脉分叉部各组分斑块体积及构成比差异,并计算受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)及其曲线下的面积,分析斑块总体积、各成分斑块体积对预测出现脑血管症状的准确性。结果:颈动脉分叉段与虹吸段斑块总体积分别为(752.3±3.4) mm3,(56.2±5.541) mm3,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。颈内动脉虹吸段脂质斑块数量构成比为16.8%,钙化斑块数量构成比为49.1%,混合斑块数量构成比为34.1%;颈总动脉脂质斑块、钙化斑块、混合斑块数量构成比分别为33.3%,32.0%,34.6%,两处斑块数量构成比差异存在统计学意义(χ2=26.077,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示颈动脉分叉斑块总体积、脂质斑块体积及混合斑块体积对脑血管症状的发生有较好的预测价值(P<0.001),曲线下面积分别为0.682、0.773及0.653,且颈动脉分叉脂质斑块体积为203.383 mm3时为最佳截割点,敏感度、特异度分别为69.0%、82.2%。结论:颈动脉分叉部和颈内动脉虹吸部不同类型斑块体积和构成比间有显著差异,颈动脉分叉部脂质斑块体积对脑血管事件有较好的预测价值。      

利用贝叶斯时空模型分析山东省手足口病时空变化及影响因素

手足口病是一种常见的传染病,多见于5岁以下儿童。近年来,中国手足口病发病人数逐年上升,疾病疫情也越来越受到公共卫生部门与社会大众的关注。虽然已有不少手足口病相关的研究,但对其时空变化及影响因素驱动效应的研究仍然较少。本文采用贝叶斯时空模型,对2008年山东省手足口病高发时间段（5-8月）的发病时空演变特征进行系统分析,并探究影响手足口病发病风险的气象因素。结果表明：① 空间上不同区县的手足口病发病风险存在一定差异,且区县间的发病风险随时间变化趋势也各不相同;② 5月和6月手足口病发病风险明显高于整个研究阶段（5-8月）平均发病风险;③ 对手足口病发病风险影响较大的气象因素依次是：周平均温度、平均风速和平均气压。本文针对山东省手足口病时空演化特征及气象影响因素的研究,能为高发时间段内手足口病的区域化防控提供科学依据。     

饲料中添加益生菌对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)非特异免疫基因表达量和抗病力的影响

采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,进行肠道复合益生菌对凡纳滨对虾相关免疫基因表达量的研究。通过感染实验,分析饲料中添加益生菌对凡纳滨对虾病毒感染能力的影响。结果表明,Real-time PCR揭示在投喂期间饲料中添加芽孢杆菌/溶藻弧菌组的对虾血淋巴细胞中的proPO、SOD和LZM的相对表达量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);感染WSSV后,对芽孢杆菌/溶藻弧菌组凡纳滨对虾血淋巴7个采样时间点的proPO、SOD、LZM的表达进行Real-time PCR分析,检测表明WSSV刺激24h后,对虾血淋巴中的proPO、SOD和LZM的表达呈现显著性上调,且分别在48h、96h、96h达到最大值。累积死亡率结果证实饲料中添加益生菌均可提高其对虾抗WSSV感染的能力,尤其以坚强芽孢杆菌活菌与溶藻弧菌活菌配合使用效果更佳。     

Muscle myogens in the New Zealand Galaxiidae

The muscle myogen proteins of 10 species of the family Galaxiidae exhibited a high degree of species specificity when separated by starch gel electrophoresis. Non‐diadromous, non‐lacustrine species had some variation in the proteins present, while diadromous and lacustrine species, except for Galaxias maculatus, had remarkably uniform muscle myogen electrophero‐grams. The variation can be explained by polymorphism and mosaic evolution of isolated freshwater populations. It was found that previously erected specific and generic categories, except for G. vulgaris, are clearly defined by differences in muscle protein. The standardised electropherogram types obtained were subjected to cluster analysis using both squared Euclidean distance and the complement of Jacard's coefficient with average sorting strategy. A principal component analysis was also carried out. The first two components of the principal component analysis widely spaced the three genera included in this study (Salmo, Galaxias, and Neochanna), with N. burrowsius occupying an intermediate position between Galaxias and Neochanna. Previous workers have considered this species to be a connecting link between the two genera. The dendrogram produced by using squared Euclidean distance (which included all available information) first clustered the types into Salmoniidae and Galaxiidae. The latter were split into the genus Neochanna and the genus Galaxias which was then subdivided into stout‐bodied species (G. argenleus and G. jasciatus) and slender‐bodied species. G. brevipinnis and G. vulgaris types were further separated from the three alpine Galaxias species and G. maculatus. The substantial agreement of these results with previous taxonomic efforts indicates that electrophoretic data can be a valid taxonomic tool.     

64-MDCT评价左心室舒张功能的的可行性

目的：参照心脏超声左心室舒张功能指标,探讨64-MDCT测量可疑冠心病患者左心室舒张功能的可行性。资料与方法：60例可疑冠心病患者,同期进行了二维超声心动图及冠状动脉CTA。所有入选者的MDCT原始数据在0～95％R-R间期、间隔5％重建后传至AW4．4工作站,利用相关软件结合人工方法测量左心室舒张功能。MDCT测量以二维超声为参照,计算二尖瓣口舒张早期、晚期峰值血流速度（E、A）、二尖瓣舒张早期最大组织运动速度（Ea）、左心室充盈压力（E／Ea）。所有cT心功能测量值与同期超声测量值进行对比分析。所有入选者中随机选择20名在初次CT心功能测量两周后由同一操作者对其进行再次测量,同时指定另一名医师对该亚组再次进行测量并与初次测量值进行比较。结果：cT和超声测定左心室舒张功能的相关性好,分别为E（r=0．82,P=0．000）、E／A（r=0．91,P=0．000）、Ea（r=0．82,P=0．000）、E／Ea（r=0．83,P=0．000）。Bland—Altman图显示两种方法对各参数的评价变异性低。随机选择的研究亚组cT评价E／A、Ea的观察者内、观察者间重复性好,Bland—Altman图显示E／A和Ea的变异均在95％一致性界限内。其相应的观察者内、观察者间相关系数分别为E／A（r=0．91,P=0．000：r=0．89,P=0．000）、Ea（r=0．87,P=0．000;r=0．84,P=0．000）。结论：64-MDCT回顾性心电门控冠状动脉成像的同时,可进行左心室舒张功能的定量评价。     

CTCA狭窄程度及局部心肌功能障碍与主要不良心脏事件的相关性研究

目的：探讨CT冠状动脉造影（CTCA）的冠状动脉狭窄程度联合左心室局部室壁运动功能在预测急性胸痛患者主要不良心脏事件（MACE）发生风险中的价值。方法：对294例急性胸痛患者进行冠脉CTA检查,评价冠状动脉狭窄程度及左心室局部运动功能,并对患者2年内MACE的发生进行随访。采用Kaplan-Meier法和COX风险模型来评价冠状动脉狭窄（≥50%）及左心室运动功能异常与MACE的相关性。结果：冠脉狭窄者MACE发生率（22.9%）是无明显狭窄者（1.6%）的14倍。无局部室壁运动异常（RWMA）与RWMA者其MACE发生率明显不同,在冠脉狭窄〈50%组其MACE发生率分别为0.9%和12.5%,在冠脉狭窄≥50%组其MACE发生率分别为8.1%和39.4%。结论：CTCA有助于提供急性胸痛患者发生MACE的预测信息。     

An analysis of the effectiveness of WASH interventions in relation to diarrhoeal diseases in Chipinge district,Zimbabwe

A study to analyse the effectiveness of WASH interventions in mitigating diarrhoeal diseases in ward 22 of Chipinge district, Manicaland Province was done in 2012. The objectives of the study were to determine the existing WASH interventions in the ward, to assess the KAP on WASH interventions as a mitigation measure against diarrhoeal disease, to analyse the trend of diarrhoea from 2005 to 2011 and to analyse the behaviour change attributed to WASH interventions. Data was collected using interviews, questionnaires, FGDs and observation checklists. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16.0 and qualitative data was analysed by developing themes related to specific objectives. Results showed that WASH interventions were in place in all the villages of ward 22 though they were inadequate. The interventions among others included borehole rehabilitation, latrine construction and Participatory Health and Hygiene Education (PHHE). The cases of diarrhoea were on the increase between 2005 and 2011 despite the various WASH interventions. It was also noted that, although the communities had knowledge on good hygiene practices, economic hardships prevented them from practicing. Behaviour change was also noticed due to an increase in the number of households with hygiene enabling facilities. It was concluded that there is need to provide more water supply and sanitation facilities in the ward. Nurses and EHTs in the ward need to intensify on Health and hygiene education. It was recommended that the duration for PHHE sessions be lengthened and that Village Health Clubs should be formed for sustainability of the health and hygiene component of the interventions. Participation of vulnerable groups such as the disabled, People Living with HIV and AIDS and child headed families should also be encouraged as their participation was seen to be very low, yet their contribution in the society is very critical.     

多年冻土区公路病害对冻土地温和含冰类型的敏感性分析

多年冻土的年平均温度和含冰类型作为表征多年冻土特征的两个基本指标,在一定程度上决定了多年冻土区公路工程所要采取的技术措施. 因此,年平均温度和含冰类型是多年冻土公路工程设计和施工中必须考虑的两个因素. 通过对青康公路国道214线沿线冻土工程地质状况调查和公路病害的分析,结合区域内气象水文等资料,研究了公路工程病害对多年冻土年平均温度和含冰类型的敏感性,查清了影响公路病害的主要因素. 研究结果为不同地温分区、不同含冰量多年冻土区公路病害防治技术措施的选择提供了科学依据,将减少或延缓多年冻土区公路病害的发生,提高工程质量,节省养护成本,保障安全运营,促进冻土区经济社会的发展.     

南京市呼吸系统疾病死亡率与气象要素的关系及预测

在全球气候背景下,气象要素的变化对呼吸系统疾病的影响不可忽视。基于2004—2010年南京地区呼吸系统死因监测资料、人口资料和同期气象数据,利用主成分分析法,讨论区域呼吸系统疾病患者死亡率的分布特征和对气象要素的响应及疾病死亡率预测模型的建立。结果表明：呼吸系统疾病死亡率在7月最低,1月最高,上半年变化幅度大于下半年。夏半年,气候以低压、高温和多降水为特点,呼吸系统疾病患者死亡率低;冬半年,气候有相对湿度大、日照时间短的特点,呼吸系统疾病死亡率呈上升趋势。回代检验结果 r=0.755,预测检验的拟合系数为r=0.795,均通过了0.01的显著性水平检验。主成分回归模型的拟合效果较好,可为相应预报工作提供参考。     

河谷区路堑高边坡的病害分析及防护措施

依托元江至蔓耗高速公路(红河段)项目,对红河县境内具有代表性的深挖路堑高边坡病害产生的原因进行分析,通过对路堑高边坡工点现场调研及理论分析,得出了路堑高边坡破坏的原因及影响因素,并对路堑高边坡病害进行有效的防护措施,且取得了很好的防护效果。其工程经验可对类似路堑高边坡破坏分析及防护提供参考价值。