中国对虾血淋巴蛋白质、葡萄糖含量的研究

于１９９２－１９９３年５月和１０月，在胶州湾捕捞中国对虾亲虾，９月在莱州和胶南采集的人工养殖中国对虾，采用双缩脲法测定其血淋巴中的血清总蛋白含量，用０－ＴＢ法测定血清葡萄糖含量，并研究注射灭菌海水、海洋弧菌后，对中国对虾血清总蛋白含量和血清葡萄糖含量的影响规律。     

皱纹盘鲍对河流弧菌-Ⅱ苗免疫的研究

于１９９３－１９９５年，用免疫法防治皱纹盘鲍脓疱病，河流弧菌－ＩＩ分离自大连水产养殖公司，太平洋海珍品养殖公司的患脓疱病的皱纹盘鲍；健康皱纹盘鲍，由大连水产养殖公司石庙苗种厂提供，鲍血淋巴细胞的体外培养吞噬实验，取健康皱纹盘鲍的血淋巴与肝素和菌液铵一定比例混合后，置湿盒内３７℃培养３０ｍｉｎ，取一滴涂片，吕氏液染色后观察，用该病原菌制做菌苗，大量扩增病原菌，用０．１％－１．０％的甲醛洗下菌苔，处理     

皱纹盘鲍脓疱病病原菌──河流弧菌-Ⅱ的抗药机制的初步研究

1993年9月至1995年末，大连地区的一龄鲍至成鲍都出现了脓疱病，用常规方法从3个养殖厂的病鲍中分离到了3个菌株，分别为D株、N株和T株。经鉴定这3个菌株为同一种──河流弧菌-Ⅱ。这3个菌株来自3个不同的海区、不同的单位，并且这3个单位使用的抗生素种类和浓度也木同，所以这3个菌株对18种抗生素的敏感度也木同。D株对环丙沙星（抑菌坏直径30mm）、复方新诺明（抑菌坏直径27mm）等敏感，而对青霉素、青霉素Ⅱ、氨苄青霉素（抑菌环直径0mm）等耐药。N株除对青霉素Ⅱ、白霉素、吡哌酸等耐药外，对其它12种抗生素都敏感或中度敏感（抑菌环直径13．5－30mm）。T株对氟派酸（抑菌环直径22mm）、环丙沙星（抑菌环直径20．3mm）等敏感，而对氯霉素、复方新诺明等耐药。研究发现，经常使用同一种抗生素很容易使病原菌产生耐药性．连续3d使用单一的抗生素（青霉素）就会产生耐药的菌株。为证明上述3个菌株的抗药性是属于哪一类，以T株为例，提取总DNA，并对总DNA进行EcoRⅠ酶切图谱分析，图谱有明显的异同，说明3个菌株的抗药性不同可能与基因突变有关。不管是非遗传型还是遗传型，都是由于抗生素为细菌提供了耐药突变株的选择环境，从而使耐药菌株得以大量繁殖。     

养殖牙鲆淋巴囊肿病防治的初步研究

牙鲆淋巴囊肿病发病率高 ,一年四季均可发病 ,目前尚无有效药物防治。实验采用 2种方式对健康鱼进行人工感染致病 ,然后根据不同水温加福尔马林、过氧化氢药浴。结果表明 ,2 2～2 5℃高温水结合过氧化氢药浴可使病鱼体表囊肿消失     

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)乳化病的组织病理和超微病理研究

利用组织切片及超薄切片电镜技术对患“乳化病”三疣梭子蟹的鳃、肝胰腺、步足肌肉、心肌和性腺5种组织进行病理学分析。组织病理显示:乳化病的病变性质为变质性炎症,主要病变部位在肝胰腺,其病灶表现为水变性、脂肪变性和细胞坏死等症状,步足肌和心肌表现出肌纤维断裂、浑浊等症状。超微病理显示:在肝胰腺和步足肌组织中有大量细菌,肝胰腺细胞结构损伤主要表现为微绒毛损伤脱落、线粒体坏死、溶酶体增多及脂肪滴变性,肌纤维断裂、溶解,血隙中血淋巴细胞受严重侵染。     

美人鱼发光杆菌(Photobacterium damselae)感染对银鲳(Pampus argenteus)肠道微生物的影响

银鲳(Pampus argenteus)是我国沿海重要的经济鱼类和水产养殖重要品种, 近年来因过度捕捞其野生种群数量日渐减少。美人鱼发光杆菌(Photobacterium damselae, PDD)是多种水产动物发病的主要病原菌, 也是银鲳养殖中的一种常见病原微生物, 会引起造成银鲳大规模死亡的出血病,但目前尚不清楚美人鱼发光杆菌感染后对银鲳肠道微生物的影响。通过注射使银鲳感染PDD, 在24 h和72 h分别采集健康及患病银鲳的中肠和后肠进行16S rRNA基因扩增子测序, 并结合Illumina Nova测序平台进行测序和数据分析, 研究PDD感染后不同时间银鲳体内微生物群落组成结构的动态变化。结果表明, PDD感染后在银鲳肠道内大量增殖并占据优势, 引起银鲳体内肠道微生物的动态变化。PDD的侵入及在银鲳肠道中的增殖并占据优势, 导致银鲳肠道内微生物群落组成结构紊乱。PDD的过度生长与肠道微生物群落构成失调密切相关, 显示了肠道微生物群落结构平衡的重要性。研究结果有助于深入探究水产动物肠道微生物的多样性、功能及相互关系, 为银鲳养殖业的健康管理提供科学依据。     

成都市城市道路塌陷成因及快速探测方法

城市道路塌陷严重危害城市公共安全,对城市道路塌陷隐患进行快速、准确、绿色的探测,有助于减少城市地下病害发育,提升城市安全运营能力。通过调查分析,成都市城市道路塌陷的主要成因包括地质结构复杂、地下水丰富、人类工程活动频繁等。采用车载三维探地雷达对城市道路进行快速探测,建立了以探测、解译、验证、评估、成果及信息化管理为系统的探测体系。实践表明,车载三维探地雷达是快速探测城市道路塌陷隐患的有效方法。     

Social cohesion and passive adaptation in relation to climate change and disease

Climate change affects biophysical processes related to the transmission of many infectious diseases, with potentially adverse consequences for the health of communities. While our knowledge of biophysical associations between meteorological factors and disease is steadily improving, our understanding of the social processes that shape adaptation to environmental perturbations lags behind. Using computational modeling methods, we explore the ways in which social cohesion can affect adaptation of disease prevention strategies when communities are exposed to different environmental scenarios that influence transmission pathways for diseases such as diarrhea. We developed an agent-based model in which household agents can choose between two behavioral strategies that offer different levels of protection against environmentally mediated disease transmission. One behavioral strategy is initially set as more protective, leading households to adopt it widely, but its efficacy is sensitive to variable weather conditions and stressors such as floods or droughts that modify the disease transmission system. The efficacy of the second strategy is initially moderate relative to the first and is insensitive to environmental changes. We examined how social cohesion (defined as average number of household social network connections) influences health outcomes when households attempt to identify an optimal strategy by copying the behaviors of socially connected neighbors who seem to have adapted successfully in the past. Our simulation experiments suggest that high-cohesion communities are able to rapidly disseminate the initially optimal behavioral strategy compared to low-cohesion communities. This rapid and pervasive change, however, decreases behavioral diversity; i.e., once a high cohesion community settles on a strategy, most or all households adopt that behavior. Following environmental changes that reduce the efficacy of the initially optimal strategy, rendering it suboptimal relative to the alternative strategy, high-cohesion communities can fail to adapt. As a result, despite faring better early in the course of computational experiments, high-cohesion communities may ultimately experience worse outcomes. In the face of uncertainty in predicting future environmental stressors due to climate change, strategies to improve effective adaptation to optimal disease prevention strategies should balance between intervention efforts that promote protective behaviors based on current scientific understanding and the need to guard against the crystallization of inflexible norms. Developing generalizable models allows us to integrate a wide range of theories and multiple datasets pertaining to the relationship between social mechanisms and adaptation, which can provide further understanding of future climate change impacts. Models such as the one we present can generate hypotheses about the mechanisms that underlie the dynamics of adaptation events and suggest specific points of measurement to assess the impact of these mechanisms. They can be incorporated as modules within predictive simulations for specific socio-ecological contexts.