COPD急性发作期中医证型相关因素研究

目的：探究急性发作期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）中医证型的相关因素。方法：将200 例急性发作期COPD患者分为痰浊壅肺证、痰热蕴肺证、痰瘀阻肺证、肺肾气虚证,记录患者性别、年龄、病程等信息,进行肺功能等相关检查,并由患者本人填写COPD评估测试（CAT）,根据所收集的资料分析中医证型与年龄、病程的关系,CAT评分与第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、FEV1/用力肺活量（FVC）的关系、中医证型与CAT评分的关系。结果：在患者平均年龄、平均病程、CAT评分方面,痰浊壅肺证、痰热蕴肺证与痰瘀阻肺证、肺肾气虚证比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。CAT评分与第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比（FEV1%pred）、FEV1/FVC%之间存在负相关。结论：急性发作期COPD患者的年龄、病程、CAT评分以及肺功能在各中医证型中存在差异,CAT评分可为中医辨证分型提供依据。     

基于网络药理学探讨麻杏苡甘汤加味抗新型冠状病毒肺炎的作用机制

目的：探讨麻杏苡甘汤加味治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的分子靶标及可能的机制。方法：从TCMSP以及BATMAN-TCM数据库中按照一定规定方法挑选出麻杏苡甘汤加味的活性成分及主要分子靶标。从OMIM及GeneCards中获得COVID-19的靶点。利用Bioinformatics & Evolutionary Genomics平台获得麻杏苡甘汤加味-COVID-19的共同靶点,然后将共同目标靶点导入STRING数据库,获得蛋白质网络模型,构建“有效成分－靶标”网络,并对共同目标靶点进行GO富集分析和KEGG富集分析。结果：麻杏苡甘汤加味中有118个活性成分可能通过46个靶点发挥抗COVID-19作用,GO富集分析及KEGG富集分析显示麻杏苡甘汤加味在治疗COVID-19的过程中,主要是通过影响脂多糖、细菌源分子、金属离子作用于氧化应激、凋亡信号通路等生物过程。方中的有效活性物质主要通过AGE-RAGE、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、白细胞介素（IL）-17等信号通路,影响细胞因子与配体的有效结合、磷酸酶的生成、血红素集合等有关。结论：麻杏苡甘汤加味中有118种成分具有抗COVID-19的作用,这些分子可能的作用机制为影响血管通透性及凝血组织因子基因的表达、抗病毒、抗炎,从而缓解新冠病毒所致的肺损伤以及凝血功能障碍、微小血栓形成等。     

Mosquito Habitat and Dengue Risk Potential in Hawaii: A Conceptual Framework and GIS Application*

Dengue is an emerging disease, and the distribution of the mosquito vector is partially mediated by environmental conditions. In this article, a new conceptual model is suggested that emphasizes the importance of including environmental variability in mosquito modeling studies. In an applied sense, mosquito habitat maps are developed for Hawaii using a GIS overlay of mosquito survival thresholds of temperature, precipitation, and stream/wetland location. Populated areas represent locations with the potential for an outbreak. The maps are adjustable based on expert knowledge input, and efforts to prevent or control outbreaks can be concentrated in those zones delineated by this study.     

Histopathological Observation of Lymphocystis Disease and Lymphocystis Disease Virus （LCDV） Detection in Cultured Diseased Sebastes schlegeli

Lymphocystis nodules occurring in the cultured sting fish Sebastes schlegeli were observed under light and electron microscope. Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in the tissues of diseased fish was detected with indirect immunofluorescence test (IFAT). Results showed that lymphocystis cells had overly irregular nuclei, basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies with virions budding from the surface, and hyaline capsules outside the cell membrane. Numerous virus particles about 200 nm in diameter scat- tered in the cytoplasm, electron-dense particles 70-80 nm in diameter filled in perinuclear cisterna, and membrane-enveloped parti- cles with electron-dense core of 70-80 nm appeared around cellular nucleus. IFAT using monoclonal antibody against LCDV from Paralichthys olivaceus revealed that specific green fluorescence was present in the cytoplasm of lymphocystis cells, epithelium of stomach, gill lamellae, and muscular fibers under epidermis of S. schlegeli, just as that in the cytoplasm of lymphocystis cells of P. olivaceus, suggesting the presence of LCDV in these tissues.     

淋巴囊肿病毒mcp基因变异特征及其基因型分析

淋巴囊肿病毒是引起多种海、淡水鱼淋巴囊肿病的病原,且不同淋巴囊肿病毒分离株间存在一定的差异。本文对25株淋巴囊肿病毒分离株mcp基因的变异特征进行分析,结果表明:分离自同一宿主的淋巴囊肿病毒mcp基因序列并非完全一致,有些同宿主分离株间存在着较少的变异,其MCP蛋白序列间的变异位点多位于不规则结构域、属于非蛋白相互作用位点;分属不同基因型淋巴囊肿病毒分离株MCP蛋白序列间的变异位点也多位于不规则结构域,变异位点为蛋白相互作用位点的比率仅占21.98%。金头鲷淋巴囊肿病毒分离株LCDV-sa是一种新的淋巴囊肿病毒基因型,此25株淋巴囊肿病毒可分为7个基因型。对淋巴囊肿病毒变异的研究,可加深对其感染机制的认识,有助于了解其传播途径,可为淋巴囊肿病的防控提供重要的理论依据。     

淋巴囊肿病毒中国分离株基因组序列和结构分析

LCDV-cn是分离自中国养殖牙鲆的淋巴囊肿病病原,给中国牙鲆养殖业带来了严重危害。通过PCR、克隆和测序,获得了LCDV-cn部分基因的序列,证明LCDV-cn与LCDV-C的基因组序列是一致的。比较基因组学分析发现,LCDV-cn基因组中有137个ORF是其独有的、与LCDV-1及其它虹彩病毒无同源区域。对LCDV-cn基因组进行生物信息学分析发现,在LCDV-cn独有的ORF中,有的编码与宿主同源的蛋白,有的编码与DNA复制相关的蛋白,某些ORF编码的蛋白含有跨膜区等。LCDV-cn的独有基因或许对其毒力和宿主范围有关。     

Rainfall mediations in the spreading of epidemic cholera

Following the empirical evidence of a clear correlation between rainfall events and cholera resurgence that was observed in particular during the recent outbreak in Haiti, a spatially explicit model of epidemic cholera is re-examined. Specifically, we test a multivariate Poisson rainfall generator, with parameters varying in space and time, as a driver of enhanced disease transmission. The relevance of the issue relates to the key insight that predictive mathematical models may provide into the course of an ongoing cholera epidemic aiding emergency management (say, in allocating life-saving supplies or health care staff) or in evaluating alternative management strategies. Our model consists of a set of dynamical equations (SIRB-like i.e. subdivided into the compartments of Susceptible, Infected and Recovered individuals, and including a balance of Bacterial concentrations in the water reservoir) describing a connected network of human communities where the infection results from the exposure to excess concentrations of pathogens in the water. These, in turn, are driven by rainfall washout of open-air defecation sites or cesspool overflows, hydrologic transport through waterways and by mobility of susceptible and infected individuals. We perform an a posteriori analysis (from the beginning of the epidemic in October 2010 until December 2011) to test the model reliability in predicting cholera cases and in testing control measures, involving vaccination and sanitation campaigns, for the ongoing epidemic. Even though predicting reliably the timing of the epidemic resurgence proves difficult due to rainfall inter-annual variability, we find that the model can reasonably quantify the total number of reported infection cases in the selected time-span. We then run a multi-seasonal prediction of the course of the epidemic until December 2015, to investigate conditions for further resurgences and endemicity of cholera in the region with a view to policies which may bring to the eradication of the disease in Haiti. The projections, although strongly depending on still uncertain epidemiological processes, show an endemic, seasonal pattern establishing in the region, which can be better forestalled by an improvement of the sanitation system only, rather than by vaccination alone. We thus conclude that hydrologic drivers and water resources management prove central to prediction, emergency management and long-term control of epidemic cholera.     

吉首市人民南路第四期工程Ⅲ—Ⅱ段过湿土路基病害施工治理

吉首市人民南路第四期工程Ⅲ—Ⅱ段过湿土路基，出现碾压"翻浆冒泥"、"软弹"等路基病害现象，采用掺灰对过湿土填料作改性处理，使路基压实度检测值达到设计要求，取得了良好的治理效果。     

心律不齐患者64层螺旋CT冠脉成像的临床应用

目的:与DSA结果进行对照,评价MSCTA对心律不齐患者冠脉病变的诊断价值.方法:收集2009年1月至2010年11月在煤炭总医院临床诊断和怀疑冠心病的心律不齐患者31例,在一个月内分别完成MSCT和DSA检查.以DSA为参考标准,评价MSCTA在心律不齐患者中冠脉病变的诊断价值.结果:30例图像(96.77%,30/...     

风湿性心脏瓣膜病置换前320排心脏CTA的临床研究

目的：评价风湿性心脏瓣膜病置换前320排容积CT心脏冠状动脉增强扫描的和临床应用价值。方法：35例风湿性心脏病瓣膜病患者术前320排容积CT冠状动脉增强扫描,分析其伴发冠心病的原因及其冠状动脉发生狭窄的部位及程度,初步评价320排容积CT扫描冠状动脉血管增强的临床应用价值及优势。结果：385支冠状动脉中显示,364支未...