三疣梭子蟹肌肉乳化病的同工酶病理变化研究

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术(PAGE),对患有肌肉乳化病的三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)3种组织中10种同工酶及肌浆蛋白的酶谱表型进行分析,并就患病后酶谱变化特征及原因进行了讨论。证实在部分组织中,除SOD酶外9种酶及肌浆蛋白的酶带均出现明显的紊乱现象,表明病蟹的病理机制极可能与代谢异常有关,其特异性变化可以作为疾病早期诊断及病理分析的生化辅助指标。     

A model of producer incentives for livestock disease management

We examine the management of livestock diseases from the producers‘ perspective, incorporating information and incentive asymmetries between producers and regulators. Using a stochastic dynamic model, we examine responses to different policy options including indemnity payments, subsidies to report at-risk animals, monitoring, and regulatory approaches to decreasing infection risks when perverse incentives and multiple policies interact. This conceptual analysis illustrates the importance of designing efficient combinations of regulatory and incentive-based policies.

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Portable Utopia: Glasgow and the United States 1820–1920. Bernard Aspinwall. Studies in Russian Historical Geography. James H. Bater and R. A. French, eds. Water and Sanitation: Economic and Sociological Perspectives. Peter G. Bourne, ed. Green Politics. Fritjof Capra and Charlene Spretnak. The Southern Cone: Realities of the Authoritarian State. César N. Caviedes. Women in Third World Development. Sue Ellen Charlton. Land Management: New Directions. David Chiddick and Alan Millington, eds. Geography and Ethnic Pluralism. Colin Clarke, David Ley, Ceri Peach, eds. Geomorphological Hazards in Los Angeles. R. U. Cooke. Regional Impacts of United States-Mexico Economic Relations. Alfonso Corona and Lay James Gibson. eds. Patterns of Jobs and Geographic Mobility. Torvald Gerger. Cities and Sickness: Health Care in Urban America. Ann Lennarson Greer and Scott Greer, eds. Neighborhoods: Their Place in Urban Life. Howard W. Hallman. Development and the Rural-Urban Divide. John Harriss and Mick Moore, eds. Patterns of Undocumented Migration: Mexico and the United States. Richard C. Jones, ed. Central Place Theory. Leslie J. King. The Geography of Western Europe: A Socio-economic Survey. Paul L. Knox. Regions and Resources: Strategies for Development. David T. Krisge, Daniel A. Seiver, Oliver S. Goldsmith and Michael J. Scott. Geography of Crowding and Human Response. A Study of Ahmedabad City. K. M. Kulkarni. Haciendo Pueblo. The Development of a Guadalajaran Suburb. Kathleen Logan. The Imperial Lion: Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management in Central Africa. Stewart A. Marks. Water in the Hispanic Southwest: A Social and Legal History, 1550–1850. Michael C. Meyer. Imlil: A Moroccan Mountain Community in Change. James A. Miller. Tourism in Canada: Selected Issues and Options. Peter E. Murphy, ed. David Harvey's Geography. John L. Paterson. Raster Scanning, Processing and Plotting of Cartographic Documents. Donna J. Peuquet and A. Raymond Boyle. The USSR and the Muslim World: Issues in Domestic and Foreign Policy. Yaacov Ro'i, ed. Environmental Perception and Behavior: An Inventory and Prospect. Thomas F. Saarinen, David Seamon, and James L. Sell. Incised channels, Morphology, Dynamics, and Control. Stanley A. Schumm, Michael D. Harvey, and Chester C. Watson. The Gap Between Rich and Poor: Contending Perspectives on the Political Economy of Development. Mitchell A. Seligson, ed. Twentieth-Century Richmond. Planning, Politics and Race. Christopher Silver. Land Conservation and Development: Examples of Land-Use Planning Projects and Programs. F. R. Steiner and H. N. van Lier, eds. Biogeography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. J. A. Taylor, ed. Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. A. A. Velichko, ed. H. E. Wright, Jr. and C. W. Barnosky, eds.     

海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians Lamarck)"性腺萎缩症"的组织病理学研究

利用组织学与组织化学染色方法,在光镜下研究了患"性腺萎缩症"海湾扇贝的组织病理学变化.结果表明,患病贝生殖细胞肿胀或萎缩,发育滞后;消化盲囊、鳃等器官组织也呈现明显的病理学变化特征,主要表现为结构紊乱,细胞变形、脱落甚至溃散,血细胞增生,出现强嗜碱性包涵体等异常结构.组织化学研究显示消化盲囊及消化道中酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶含量下降;鳃、外套膜中多糖类物质含量增加等.     

海马卵甲藻病的防治研究

调查了养殖海马（Hippocampus）卵甲藻病的发病流行规律，并研究其防治方法。结果表明养殖海马在自然水温23℃以上时易发生淀粉卵甲藻病，致病死亡主要原因为淀粉卵甲藻抱囊附着在海马的鳃部引起海马呼吸困难。从而导致海马缺氧。采用含Cu^2＋药物可以一般预防和治疗海马淀粉卵甲藻病。流水及网箱养殖海马不易发生此病，也是较好的防治方法。     

杜氏鰤的一种细菌病病原菌研究

从患病的杜氏（鱼师）肾脏分离出Y-1菌.人工感染试验,当注射9.0×107CFU/尾时,Y-1菌可致试验鱼100%死亡;注射9.0×106CFU/尾时,死亡率为50%,症状与自然发病相似,结果表明该分离菌为致病菌.Y-1菌为革兰氏阴性,有动力,杆状,极生单鞭毛;发酵葡萄糖,还原硝酸盐,氧化酶、触酶阳性,赖氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸脱羧酶、精氨酸双水解酶阴性.根据形态及生理生化特性,Y-1菌应为弧菌Vibriosp..药敏试验结果表明,该菌对氨基糖甙类、呋喃类、喹诺酮类及大环内脂类药物敏感.     

Fungal Invasion of Massive Corals

Abstract. Five species of corals from the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal (Indian Ocean) have been regularly found to have single or multiple necrotic patches. The occurrence of such corals with necrotic patches varied from 10–50% in the field. Sections revealed a septate dark brown mycelial fungus on the surface and subsurface of the dead patches in five coral species. The fungus was isolated in culture and identified as Scolecobasidium sp.
The fungus formed a distinct dense brown to black zone of 0.5-1.5 cm width immediately below the surface of the corals. In terms of biomass, the fungus was estimated to contribute 3–5 mg cm ^-3 of coral skeleton.     

鱼类实验动物研究概况及在水产动物病害研究上的应用

鱼类实验动物在现代生命科学研究中扮演着越来越重要的角色。本文概述了国内外鱼类实验动物的应用、育种及模型开发的现状与发展趋势,并对其在水产动物病害研究中的应用进行了简要介绍。     

对虾病原菌抑菌药物的研究

应用药敏纸片法研究了48种化学疗剂对中国对虾红腿病病原菌(包括Vibrio alg-inolyticus,V.campbellii,V.parahaemolyticus,Proteus vulgaris及未确定的海洋弧菌)生长的抑制作用,其中氯霉素(30μg/片)、磺胶药+TMP(25μg/片)和呋喃妥因(200μg/片)抑菌力最强、抑菌谱最广;红霉素(15iu/片)、土霉素(30μg/片)无明显抑菌作用。对27种中草药水浸液以平板点种法试抑菌作用。结果表明乌梅、石榴皮、五味子的水浸液具有较强的抑菌活性,可用于配制防病药物饵料。5,7—二氯-8-羟基喹啉对多种病原菌有较强的抑菌作用,药物平板点种法最小抑菌浓度为25mg/L,药浴法有效抑菌浓度低于5mg/L。