条斑紫菜丝状孢子体cDNA文库构建及抗病相关基因鉴定

经过微量总 RNA抽提、c DNA合成、c DNA扩增和克隆等步骤 ,构建了微量条斑紫菜丝状孢子体 c DNA文库 ,并进行了小规模表达序列标签分析。从 1 70条标签序列中鉴定出 6条抗病相关基因序列。这些序列可用于研制抗病单核苷酸多态性标记 ,辅助紫菜抗性遗传改良。     

对虾红肢病发病机制的研究

１９９０－１９９３年试验使用副溶血弧菌及溶藻弧菌感染获得成功。在试验过程中发现，环境及对虾体质对驿虾感染死亡率影响甚大，恶劣环境中的死亡率比优良环境中的死亡率出８３．３％；体质差的对虾感染的后的２４ｈ死亡率是正常对虾的２．５－３倍。为此，在对虾虾养殖生产中除应注意消灭病原菌外，还应注意优化养殖环境与增强对虾体质的问题。     

''''93中国对虾流行性肝胰腺坏死综合症研究 Ⅰ.病毒和类支原体合并感染对虾肝胰腺

本文首次报道今年浙江省对虾大范围流行性肝胰腺坏死综合症及患病对虾肝胰腺组织中类支原体与病毒的合并感染。     

香鱼工厂化养殖及其耗氧率和窒息点试验

2 0 0 0年 2～ 3月放养 1 63 3 5尾香鱼 (Plecoglossusaltivelis)种苗 ,在水泥池内进行工厂化养殖研究 .结果表明 ,养殖存活率 85%,总产量 2 4t,平均单产 1 0kg/m2 ,饵料系数 1 .7.养殖主要病害为肠炎和烂鳃病 .体重 2 4.5～ 3 2 .5g ,个体平均耗氧率为(0 .2 98～ 0 .3 86)× 1 0 -3(m/m)h-1.窒息点 1 .95mg/dm3左右 .     

中华绒螯蟹受精卵离体培育的初步研究

用实验生态学的方法对培养中华绒螯蟹离体胚胎的条件进行了研究。结果表明,温度不仅直接影响胚胎的发育速度,而且通过影响水中真菌的繁殖间接但明显地影响胚胎的存活率。光照对胚胎发育的影响不明显,用０．０５￣０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ的孔雀石绿、２￣８ｍｇ／Ｌ的亚甲基蓝,２０￣５０ｍｇ／Ｌ的福尔马林或３￣５ｍｌ／Ｌ的制霉茵素都能有效地抑制水中真菌的生长,在无真菌感染的情况下,能有效地在４￣８℃保存离体河蟹胚胎６０ｄ,孵     

保护性农业的研究现状、进展与展望

保护性农业是相对较新的一个概念,它强调了农业的可持续发展。保护性农业的三个重要要素包括少耕或免耕、永久地面覆盖和轮作。从生态学的角度,保护性农业对土壤生态系统的有益效应包括改善土壤系统的化学、物理及生物特性。然而,目前保护性农业在全世界的推广应用范围还很有限,特别是在发展中国家更是如此。在发展中国家,农民主要把秸秆用于煮饭和取暖的燃料,同时还用作家畜饲草。因此,我们面临的主要问题是研究和解决把秸秆用于土壤保护和提高土壤肥力与其它用途的矛盾。本文较系统地评述了世界保护性农业的研究现状、主要进展及展望。还讨论了实行保护性农业中存在的问题及注意事项。     

Assessing coral reef health across onshore to offshore stress gradients in the US Virgin Islands

Managing the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on coral reefs is highly dependant on effective strategies to assess degradation and recovery. We used five years of field data in the US Virgin Islands to investigate coral reef response to a potential gradient of stress. We found that the prevalence of old partial mortality, bleaching, and all forms of coral health impairment (a novel category) increased with nearshore anthropogenic processes, such as a five-fold higher rate of clay and silt sedimentation. Other patterns of coral health, such as recent partial mortality, other diseases, and benthic cover, did not respond to this potential gradient of stress or their response could not be resolved at the frequency or scale of monitoring. We suggest that persistent signs of disturbance are more useful to short-term, non-intensive (annual) coral reef assessments, but more intensive (semi-annual) assessments are necessary to resolve patterns of transient signs of coral health impairment.     

Detecting Virus‐Like Particles from the Umgeni River,South Africa

It is important to consider viruses in water quality because of their incidence as causal agents for diarrhoeal disease, and due to their characteristics, which allow them to survive in changing environmental conditions indefinitely. This study assessed the viral quality of the Umgeni River in South Africa seasonally. A two‐step tangential flow filtration process was setup to remove the bacteria and to concentrate the virus populations from large volume water samples. The concentrated water samples contained up to 659 and 550 pfu/mL of somatic and F‐RNA coliphages, respectively. Several virus families including Adenoviridae, Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, Poxviridae and Reoviridae were found in the river based on the morphologies examined under transmission electron microscopy. All concentrated water samples produced substantial cytopathic effects on the Vero, HEK 293, Hela and A549 cell lines. These results indicate the potential of viruses in the water samples especially from the lower catchment areas of the Umgeni River to infect human hosts throughout the year. The present study highlights the importance of routine environmental surveillance of human enteric viruses in water sources. This can contribute to a better understanding of the actual burden of disease on those who might be using the water directly without treatment.

     

Comparative embryotoxicity of phenanthrene and alkyl-phenanthrene to marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma)

Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (alkyl-PAHs) are the predominant form of PAHs in oil, comprising 85–95% of total PAHs. However, little attention has been paid to these chemicals in ecological risk assessment of marine oil spill. A comparative study of the toxic effects of phenanthrene and retene (7-isopropyl-1-methylphenanthrene, an alkyl-phenanthrene) on the early life stage of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) was conducted. Results showed that retene was significantly more toxic than phenanthrene, and marine medaka could be more sensitive to retene than some freshwater fishes. Retene had a higher excretion rate than phenanthrene during the larvae stage. Both of compounds resulted in developmental malformation of marine medaka embryos, with phenanthrene affecting on peripheral vascular system and yolk sac, while retene affecting on cardiac tissues. The toxicity of phenanthrene might be mainly related to its anesthetic effects, and that of retene might be related to the CYP1A-mediated toxicity of its metabolites.     

关于河南灵泉寺石窟地质病害及整治方法的研究

灵泉寺石窟是 1996 年国务院公布的第四批国家重点文物保护单位。 千余年以来, 该石窟除遭受人为破坏外, 在自然营力作用下, 还产生了较严重的地质病害, 使石雕艺术品遭到不同程度的破坏, 目前面临严重的保护任务。 为此, 对地质病害进行了详细的工程地质研究和地震作用分析, 对石窟所在边坡的整治提出了建议。