赣北景德镇韧性剪切带两类剪切指向及其构造意义

景德镇韧性剪切带位于新元古代江南造山带的核部,其构造变形特征和形成时代对华南新元古代至早古生代构造演 化具有重要的制约意义。景德镇韧性剪切带呈北东向展布,全长约180 km,最大出露宽度为~7 km。通过详细的野外地质 调查和室内定向薄片鉴定,在景德镇韧性剪切带中识别出了两期韧性走滑构造变形,并研究了其运动学指向和形成时的温 压条件。早期构造变形表现为左旋韧性走滑兼逆冲作用,形成温度为420~530℃,差应力为40~300 MPa;晚期变形主要表 现为右旋走滑,形成温度为300~420℃,差应力为120~350 MPa。结合前人资料,景德镇韧性剪切带左旋走滑兼逆冲作用形 成于新元古代造山作用的晚期（810~800 Ma）,是由同造山挤压到后造山伸展调整的结果;而右旋走滑形成于早古生代,是 华南早古生代陆内造山作用的产物。     

Ophiolite complexes as collision zone markers: making the case for the Antique Ophiolite Complex, Panay Island, central Philippines

The collision between the North Palawan Block (NPB) and Philippine Mobile Belt (PMB) has been the subject of studies considering its significance in help-ing define the tectonic evolution of the Philippine is-land arc system. The geology of the western Panay island reveals the presence of a continent-related block (Buruanga Peninsula) juxtaposed to an oceanic frag-ment (Antique Ophiolite Complex). Our recent work in the Buruanga Peninsula helped us define the terrane boundary between the Peninsula and the Antique Ophiolite Complex. However, considering available published data, the Antique Ophiolite Complex has never been considered to be a part of the NPB and to mark the collision zone between Palawan and the PMB.     

Origin of the Neoproterozoic Baijianshan Banded Iron Formation at the Southeastern Margin of the Tarim Block in NW China: Implication for an Extremely Reducing Ocean

The Neoproterozoic banded iron formations(BIFs)were closely associated with the“Snowball Earth”during the breakup of the Rodinia,thus they played an important role in our understanding of the atmospheric and oceanic oxygen levels during this period.In this contribution,the Neoproterozoic(ca.737 Ma)Baijianshan BIF at Southeast Tarim,northwestern China was identified.Magnetite is the dominated iron-species,which occurs as the lamina interbedded with chert.The BIF contains low concentrations of trace elements,and is depleted in light rare earth elements(LREEs)based on comparison with the Post-Archean Australian Shale(PAAS).In addition,the BIF exhibits slightly positive La-Eu anomalies,negligible Ce anomalies,insignificant Y anomalies,chondritic Y/Ho ratios(23-32),and slightly chondritic initial ε_Nd(t=737 Ma)values(?0.45 to 1.46,averaging 0.37).All these features indicate that the precipitation of Baijianshan BIF was closely related to the submarine low-T hydrothermal fluids with little detrital contribution.Moreover,the Baijianshan BIF is characterized by the significant enrichment of heavy Fe isotopes,with δ⁵⁷Fe_IRMM-014 values ranging from 1.78‰ to 3.05‰,revealing the partial oxidation of Fe²⁺ into Fe³⁺ during the precipitation of this BIF.Our data suggest that the formation of Baijianshan BIF was closely associated with a significantly reducing ocean,which most likely was isolated from the oxidized atmosphere by a local ice sheet.This Neoproterozoic Baijianshan ocean has the initial oxygen levels as low as,or even lower than that of Archean and Paleoproterozoic oceans.     

基于择优的块体模型解算南北地震带中南段主要断层滑动速率

利用1999 ～2007期GPS速度场数据,通过块体模型择优得到了南北地震带中南段主要块体边界带变形的适用模型,并给出了块体边界主要断层的滑动速率.结果表明,龙门山断裂带宝兴-汶川段张压速率较小,为0.5 ～ 1.8mm·a-1;汶川-茂县压性相对显著,速率达1.8～3.8mm·a-1;鲜水河断裂带张压及走滑速率存在一定的空间差异性特征,即炉霍以北张性滑动速率(8.1mm·a-1)比左旋走滑速率(4.8mm·a-1)大,炉霍-道孚段张压速率与走滑速率基本相同,道孚-康定段呈现出左旋走滑速率减小、张性速率增大的变化趋势,康定-石棉段表现出较明显的左旋走滑性质;小江断裂带走滑速率明显大于张压速率;红河断裂带空间分段性较为明显,北西段滑动量较小,但存在一定的张压分量(景东段速率4.7 mm·a-1),南东段(个旧以西)以走滑为主(速率4.5mm·a-1).     

巴颜喀拉块体周缘几次强震对甘肃地区地震形势的影响

以青藏高原为目标,采用黏弹性体本构关系建立3D有限元模型,模拟了在印度板块持续向北推进、挤压下,巴颜喀拉块体周缘强震对邻近地区的影响.通过降低强震发生位置处单元弹性模量的方法模拟了2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1、2008年汶川MS8.0、2010年玉树MS7.1地震,计算了发生这3次MS7.0以上强震后50年内每5年的黏弹性调整过程,讨论了3次强震对祁连地震带及甘东南地区地震形势的影响,尝试开展依据区域应力调整特征判定未来强震危险区的探索试验.     

拉萨地块和羌塘地块多个二叠纪基性岩及一个古特提斯海山的初步古地磁结果:对模拟东冈瓦纳晚古生代裂解的暗示

Detachment of the sliver-like Cimmerian terrane from eastern Gondwana in the Early Permian triggered mafic volcanism in many parts of the rift zone. To understand this tectonic episode we have carried out paleomagnetic investigations on mafic volcanic for-mations that were erupted on key terranes that now form part of Tibet. Specifically, we will present data from sections near Lhasa City (central Lhasa block) and Tuotuohe (central Qiangtang Block) as well as near Gyanyima (Paleotethyan sea-mount) that was emplaced onto the floor of Palaeotethys during the Late Permian. Paleomagnetic plots from each location will be used for tectonic calculations. Our new data will be used to evaluate regional scale models con-cerned with how the Cimmerian terranes in southern and SE Asia (from Iran-Tibet-SW China-Myanmar- Thailand-Sumatra) formerly abutted eastern Gond-wana.     

扬子地块北缘周庵超镁铁质岩体矿物学特征及其对铜镍矿化的启示

扬子地块北缘~635 Ma周庵超镁铁质岩体是一个新发现的含铜镍硫化物矿化的隐伏岩体,主要由二辉橄榄岩组成。文章通过研究周庵岩体中橄榄石、铬铁矿和辉石的矿物成分变化探讨了岩浆演化过程和含矿岩体成因。根据岩石的矿物组合和蚀变程度,岩体从上到下分为3个部分:上部绿泥石-蛇纹石化二辉橄榄岩相带、中部二辉橄榄岩相带和下部绿泥石-角闪石化二辉橄榄岩相带。根据岩体中部带橄榄石和铬铁矿的成分,计算得到母岩浆的Mg^#值为0.63,MgO/FeO摩尔比值为1.72,w(Al₂O₃)为10.2%~11.7%,w(Ni)为476×10^-6,说明其为高镁玄武质岩浆;岩体中部带原生铬铁矿和粒间相铬铁矿核部的Cr₂O₃和Al₂O₃呈正相关关系,说明铬铁矿与粒间硅酸盐熔体发生了平衡交换,铬铁矿的高w(TiO₂) 和Cr^#值与拉张环境中层状岩体的铬铁矿特征一致;根据辉石温压计得到岩体中部单斜辉石和斜方辉石的共结温度为1 017~1 077℃,压力为(3.6~4.5)×10⁸ Pa,暗示形成岩体的浅部岩浆房深度约为12 km。岩体上部和中部带的橄榄石Fo值大部分集中在80 mol%~85 mol%,w(Ni)介于2 255×10^-6~4 455×10^-6,说明这些橄榄石是从没有经过强烈分离结晶和硫化物熔离的岩浆中结晶出来的。岩体下部带橄榄石的Fo值(67 mol%~68 mol%)和w(Ni) (1 500×10^-6~2 000×10^-6)都低于岩体上部和中部带的橄榄石相应值,说明岩体下部带的橄榄石可能形成于演化程度较高、并经历了硫化物熔离的岩浆。因此,笔者认为周庵岩体是由相对原始的和演化了的高镁玄武质岩浆两期侵位形成的。     

华北地块北缘西段巴音诺尔公—狼山地区牙马图岩体的岩浆混合成因

华北地块北缘西段巴音诺尔公—狼山地区的牙马图岩体以二长花岗岩为主,岩体中广泛发育岩浆暗色包体,二者界线明显。包体为岩浆结构,大多数具有塑性外形,发育淬冷边、反向脉,存在多种不平衡结构和矿物组合,如斜长石环带、石英眼斑、针状磷灰石等,显示岩浆混合特征;包体的SiO2含量为48.40%～55.40%,寄主花岗岩SiO2含量为65.03%～72.85%,具有明显的SiO2含量间隔;与寄主花岗岩相比,包体的Fe、Mg、Ca、Ti含量较高;包体和寄主花岗岩的主要氧化物之间具有很好的线性关系,微量元素和稀土元素特征相似。包体和寄主花岗岩的这些地球化学特征显示出明显的岩浆混合趋势。岩相学和元素地球化学特征表明暗色包体是基性岩浆侵入到酸性岩浆淬冷的产物,牙马图岩体存在两种岩浆的混合作用。     

Geochemistry and zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopes of the 780 Ma I-type granites in the western Yangtze Block: petrogenesis and crustal evolution

ABSTRACT

Neoproterozoic I-type granites could provide vital insights into the crust–mantle interaction and the crustal evolution along the western Yangtze Block, South China. This paper presents new zircon U–Pb ages, bulk-rock geochemistry, and in situ zircon Lu–Hf isotope on the Dalu I-type granites from the southwestern Yangtze Block. Zircon U–Pb dating show the crystallization ages of 781.1 ± 2.8 Ma for granodiorites and 779.8 ± 2.0 Ma for granites, respectively. The Dalu granodiorites are Na-rich, calc-alkaline, metaluminous to slightly peraluminous (A/CNK = 0.94–1.08). Zircons from granodiorite have positive εHf(t) values (+2.16 to +7.39) with crustal model ages of 1.21–1.54 Ga, indicating juvenile mafic lower crust source. The Dalu granites are high-K calc-alkaline, peraluminous rocks. They have variable zircon εHf(t) values (?4.65 to +5.80) with crustal model ages of 1.31–1.97 Ga, suggesting that they were derived from the mature metasediment-derived melts by the mixing of newly formed mafic lower crust-derived melts. The geochemical variations in Dalu pluton is dominated not only by the different source rocks but also by the different melting temperatures. Combining with the geochemistry and isotopic compositions of I-type granitoids and tectonic setting in the western Yangtze Block, we propose that the Dalu I-type granodiorites–granites associations are the magmatic response from different crustal levels, which were induced by the heat anomaly due to the asthenosphere upwelling in the subduction-related setting.     

上扬子陆块西南缘早—中元古代造山运动的地质记录

早—中元古代,上扬子陆块西南缘发育有河口群—大红山群、东川群、昆阳群—会理群为代表的3套浅变质火山-沉积岩系.已有的岩石学、地球化学、年代同位素数据指示了其大地构造格架及其演化史.在早—中元古代地层所夹的火山岩中,获得了4组SHRIMP U-Pb岩浆锆石年龄:1800～1600Ma、1600～1300Ma、1300～1100Ma、1100～1000Ma.结合沉积相、常量、微量、稀土元素地球化学分析,证明了上扬子陆块西南缘在早—中元古代也相应历经了4个演化阶段.1800～1600Ma,在大红山地区、河口地区、东川汤丹地区形成近东西向的裂谷盆地.1600～1300Ma,在东川因民地区表现为—被动陆缘下的伸张环境.1300～1100Ma,在菜籽园—麻塘地区为板内裂谷-洋盆,老武山地区为裂谷盆地.1100～1000Ma阶段,菜籽园-麻塘裂谷-洋盆向北俯冲或向北向南双向俯冲,在北边的天宝山地区和南边的富良棚地区形成火山岛弧,同时在扬子西缘也出现了1.0Ga左右(1007±14～1014±8 Ma)的同造山或同碰撞型花岗岩,表明此时康滇地区已经拼贴到一起,并与整个上扬子陆块Rodinia超大陆形成同步.