冈底斯成矿带陆相火山岩区浅成低温热液矿床蚀变分带模型——以西藏斯弄多矿床为例

斯弄多银铅锌矿床是冈底斯成矿带发现的首个低硫化浅成低温热液矿床。本文采用短波红外技术对矿区进行了精细蚀变矿物分带划分,并结合岩石地球化学测量对不同蚀变带元素的迁移机制进行了系统分析,构建了斯弄多矿区的短波红外勘查模型。研究发现:(1) Al-OH波长值的无序排列变化说明斯弄多矿床中存在不同岩浆热液流体的混合作用;(2)不同矿物组合形成了明显的蚀变分带,垂向上(由内向外)形成了绢云母化带→绢云母-钠云母-蒙脱石带→绢云母-伊利石-蒙脱石带→绢云母-伊利石带;(3)隐爆角砾岩型矿体中成矿元素Ag-Pb-Zn具有明显的分带性,其中,Ag主要赋存在绢云母-伊利石带,Pb-Zn则主要赋存在绢云母-伊利石-蒙脱石带;(4)热液脉型Ag-Pb-Zn矿体品位与伊利石结晶度指数IC关系密切,矿体主要赋存于0. 6≤IC≤1. 2的范畴;(5)以钻孔BZK0301(3号勘探线)为界,斯弄多矿床成矿性优劣存在一条明显界线,NE向由于不同流体的混合作用成矿性较好,SW向因为流体较为单一成矿性差。     

巯基棉分离富集ICP-OES测定岩盐矿中的水溶性铜铅锌镉

盐岩矿的水溶法开采是获得人类生活必需品和重要工业原料——盐的重要途径之一。在水溶法开采中,岩盐矿中的水溶性重金属会随着母液到达地表环境和后续的岩盐产品中,可能对地表环境造成污染和危害人体健康,故对岩盐矿中水溶性重金属的检测非常重要。岩盐矿中的水溶性铜铅锌镉含量较低,而盐分含量过高,过高的盐分含量会影响ICP-OES的雾化效率,故很难用ICP-OES直接测量重金属含量。本文以巯基棉为吸附材料,从溶液pH、洗脱液浓度、洗脱液体积等方面研究了分离富集岩盐矿中水溶性铜铅锌镉的实验条件。结果表明,在pH=7的介质中,巯基棉对铜铅锌镉有良好的吸附性能,被吸附的铜铅锌镉可用7 m L盐酸(15%)定量洗脱,溶液中的钠对吸附无明显影响。对解吸后的溶液,铜铅锌镉的回收率均≥92.2%,钠回收率仅0.04%,基本实现了铜铅锌镉与钠的分离,达到了ICP-OES检测要求。     

长江中下游典型火山盆地的水岩相互作用和金属矿床蚀变分带

长江中下游火山岩盆地中金属矿床和蚀变分带的的地球化学研究表明,它们具有内带深色蚀变带和外带浅色蚀变带,形成于600℃到100℃范围。两类蚀变带分界温度大致是300℃。大金属矿床蚀变分带剖面显示出热液系统存在有明显的温度梯度。通过与背景岩石(玄武岩石)对比研究表明,自下而上的不同蚀变岩石中主要元素含量显著变化,交代作用中的代出和代入元素在空间上是演化的。25~400℃和23MPa下矿物(钠长石、阳起石、透辉石、钙铁辉石)-H2O、岩石(玄武岩)-H2O反应的化学动力学实验表明,金属元素释放速率是温度的函数。在恒压升温过程中,从20℃到400℃,硅酸盐矿物、玄武岩中Si溶解速率不断上升;在300~350℃时,Si、Al溶解速率到最大数值。随后,温度再上升导致溶解速率下降。在300℃时,大部分矿物中Ca、Mg、Fe、Na溶解速率较高,溶液里的Ca/Si、Mg/Si、Fe/Si、Na/Si等都高于矿物中对应元素的计量比。矿物反应后的表面存在富集硅的淋失层,或有富硅铝矿物(粘土矿物)出现。在300℃时,Si溶解快于其他金属元素,溶液中金属元素与硅摩尔浓度比(Ca/Si、Mg/Si、Fe/Si、Na/Si)等都低于矿物中的计量比。矿物反应后的表面缺少硅的淋失层,或者有贫硅矿物和铁氧化物出现。作者还进行23~35MPa、20~550℃玄武岩与水反应实验。上述高温高压下矿物在水溶液中的溶解反应动力学实验和流体-玄武岩相互作用实验,对于理解金属矿床及蚀变分带形成机制提供新的依据。     

腾冲明光老波厂铅锌矿围岩蚀变及找矿标志

矿体产于白垩纪马头窝单元（K1^7M^λπ）石英斑岩与石炭系上统空树河组三段二层（C2k^3-3）地层的石英砂岩、长石石英砂岩接触带上,或上述两类岩石的破碎带中,矿体与围岩界线常呈波状起伏,呈突变或渐变接触。矿区围岩蚀变明显,有进一步找矿的前景。     

High and low temperature alteration of uranium and thorium minerals, Um Ara granites, south Eastern Desert, Egypt

The Um Ara area, in the south Eastern Desert of Egypt contains a number of uranium occurrences related to granitic rocks. U-rich thorite, thorite and zircon are the main primary uranium- and thorium-bearing minerals found in mineralized zones of the Um Ara alkali-feldspar granites; uranophane is the most common secondary uranium mineral. U-rich thorite contains blebs of galena, has rims of uranophane and contains inclusions of Zr-rich thorite. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) provides an indication of a range of solid solution between thorite and zircon, in which intermediate phases, such as Th-rich zircon and Zr-rich thorite, were formed. These phases have higher sum of all cations per formula (2.05 to 2.06 apfu, for 4 oxygen atoms) than that of ideal thorite and zircon. This is attributed to the presence of substantial amount of interstitial cations such as Ca, U and Al in these phases. Some zircon grains are stoichiometric in composition, other altered grains display lower SiO₂ and ZrO₂ contents. Enrichment of Th and U in altered zircon preferentially involves coupled substitution (Ca²⁺ + (Th,U)⁴⁺ ↔ 2Zr⁴⁺ + 2Si⁴⁺), implying that significant U and Th may enter the Zr and Si position in zircon. Negative correlation of Zr vs. Hf and Al may indicate that Hf and Al have been introduced to the zircon during later fluid alteration rather than during the primary magmatic event. A two-stage metallogenetic model is proposed for the alteration processes and origin of U- and Th-bearing minerals in the Um Ara alkali-feldspar granite: 1) the first stage was dominated by hydrothermal alteration and accompanied by albitization, k-feldspathization, desilicification, chloritization, hematitization, silicification, argillization, fluoritization and corrosion of primary U-bearing minerals. Solid-solution between thorite and zircon occurred during this stage. The second stage occurred at the near-surface profile where circulating meteoric water played an important role in mobilizing the early formed primary U-bearing minerals. Uranium was likely transported as a calcium uranyl carbonate complexes. When these complexes lost their stabilities by precipitation of calcite, they decomposed in the presence of silica to form uranophane.     

Development of a Field Preconcentration/Elution Unit for Routine Determination of Dissolved Metal Concentrations by ICP-OES in Marine Waters: Application for Monitoring of the New Caledonia Lagoon

An iminodiacetate chelating resin was optimised for the rapid determination of Co, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni in seawater. Using inexpensive, high-capacity, reusable cartridges allowed high flow rates of up to 25 ml min⁻¹. High preconcentration factors, of up to 500, were obtained in order to analyse samples using an ICP-OES. The requirement for a buffer was eliminated due to the high tolerance of the ICP-OES to interfering matrix elements, thereby further reducing the potential for contamination. Quantification limits in seawater were: Co = 6 ng l⁻¹, Cu = 8 ng l⁻¹, Fe = 6 ng l⁻¹, Mn = 5 ng l⁻¹ and Ni = 6 ng l⁻¹. The method was verified by the analysis of near shore seawater (CASS-4) and open ocean seawater (NASS-5) reference materials. In order to satisfy the high sampling demands using the iminodiacetate cartridges, a portable off-line preconcentration unit was developed for routine analysis. The multi-channel preconcentration unit, was capable of treating up to eight samples simultaneously with concentrating times as little as 30 minutes. The technique was also used to determine dissolved metals in fresh and interstitial waters. The technique has been successfully used in a number of environmental studies and impact assessments to evaluate the effects of mining on the New Caledonian lagoon.     

沉积硼酸盐矿物硼同位素组成特征及控制因素研究

硼资源主要来自沉积硼酸盐矿床,其硼同位素组成携带着丰富的成矿及蚀变信息。通过室内模拟实验及统计全球沉积硼酸盐矿物δ¹¹B值,分析发现硼酸盐矿物δ¹¹B值主要受硼源、硼酸盐结构、pH值、后期蚀变及瑞利过程影响。不同试剂合成及不同盐湖产出的硼酸盐矿物δ¹¹B值存在显著差异,说明硼源是决定δ¹¹B值的第一要素。同一矿床及全球沉积硼酸盐矿物间δ¹¹B值均表现出钠硼酸盐(硼砂、三方硼砂、贫水硼砂)>钠—钙硼酸盐(钠硼解石、硼钠钙石)>镁硼酸盐(多水硼镁石、柱硼镁石、库水硼镁石)>钙硼酸盐(硬硼钙石、板硼石、白硼钙石、三斜硼钙石)>钙—镁硼酸盐(砷硼镁钙石、水方硼石),这与硼酸盐矿物中BO₃/BO₄比值及卤水pH值有关。原始沉积硼酸盐后期埋藏过程经历的蚀变反应会改变δ¹¹B值：(1)次生硼酸盐矿物δ¹¹B值比原生硼酸盐矿物低2‰～4‰,这是由于脱水反应中¹¹...     

Measurement of the Isotopic Composition of Molybdenum in Geological Samples by MC‐ICP‐MS using a Novel Chromatographic Extraction Technique

A novel preconcentration method is presented for the determination of Mo isotope ratios by multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS) in geological samples. The method is based on the separation of Mo by extraction chromatography using N‐benzoyl‐N‐phenylhydroxylamine (BPHA) supported on a microporous acrylic ester polymeric resin (Amberlite CG‐71). By optimising the procedure, Mo could be simply and effectively separated from virtually all matrix elements with a single pass through a small volume of BPHA resin (0.5 ml). This technique for separation and enrichment of Mo is characterised by high selectivity, column efficiency and recovery (~ 100%), and low total procedural blank (~ 0.18 ng). A ¹⁰⁰Mo‐⁹⁷Mo double spike was mixed with samples before digestion and column separation, which enabled natural mass‐dependent isotopic fractionation to be determined with a measurement reproducibility of  < 0.09‰ (δ^98/95Mo, 2s) by MC‐ICP‐MS. The mean δ^98/95Mo_{SRM 3134} (NIST SRM 3134 Mo reference material; Lot No. 891307) composition of the IAPSO seawater reference material measured in this study was 2.00 ± 0.03‰ (2s, n = 3), which is consistent with previously published values. The described procedure facilitated efficient and rapid Mo isotopic determination in various types of geological samples.     

D190型大孔巯基树脂分离富集原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中微量金和钯

采用D190 型大孔巯基树脂分离富集微量金和钯 ,研究了各种条件对分离富集和测定的影响 ,证明了金和钯在 3 %王水介质中形成氯络阴离子与树脂上的巯基 (-SH)发生螯合作用形成螯合物而迅速地被吸附在树脂上。同时 ,溶液中一些贱金属离子不易与巯基生成螯合物而分离。采用酸性硫脲定量洗脱 ,树脂结构不被破坏 ,可重新使用     

镇沅老王寨构造蚀变岩型金矿矿床成因

矿体产出受深大断裂派生的剪切断裂及脆—韧性剪切带控制明显,矿床形成具多期、多阶段和多源特征。通过对成矿流体和成矿机理的研究,笔者认为该矿床是较典型的构造蚀变岩型金矿床。