Hydrothermal alteration processes in the giant Dahutang tungsten deposit,South China: Implications from litho-geochemistry and mass balance calculation

The giant Dahutang tungsten (W) deposit has a total reserve of more than 1.31 Mt WO₃. Veinlet-disseminated scheelite and vein type wolframite mineralization are developed in this deposit, which are related to Late Mesozoic biotite granite. Four major types of alterations, which include albitization, potassic-alteration, and greisenization, and overprinted silicification developed in contact zone. The mass balance calculate of the four alteration types were used to further understanding of the mineralization process. The fresh porphyritic biotite granite has high Nb, Ta, and W, but low Ca and Sr while the Jiuling granodiorite has high Ca and Sr, but low Nb, Ta, and W concentrations. The altered porphyritic biotite granite indicated that the Nb, Ta, and W were leached out from the fresh porphyritic biotite granite, especially by sodic alteration. The low Ca and Sr contents of the altered Neoproterozoic Jiuling granodiorite indicate that Ca and Sr had been leached out from the fresh granodiorite by the fluid from Mesozoic porphyritic biotite granites. The metal W of the Dahutang deposit was mainly derived from the fluid exsolution from the melt and alteration of W-bearing granites. This study of alteration presents a new hydrothermal circulation model to understand tungsten mineralization in the Dahutang deposit.     

湘西南采金“信”的地质解释

在湘西南民间开采脉金的活动中,人们积累了很多识别金富集的标志,简称“信”。本文收集列举了25种“信”,并相应地作了地质解释,评估了含金情况。从金的地球化学特性,论述了“信”与金富集的内在联系。     

M17树脂对岩石中痕量硒碲的分离富集研究及应用

M_(17)树脂在>6mol/L的HCl介质中能同时吸附Se和Te,Se和Te可用水和丙酮分别洗脱,也可用丙酮同时洗脱。从而建立了两个新的Se、Te分离富集体系,使原子荧光测定达到纳克量级。     

M17树脂分离富集原子荧光测定岩矿中痕量碲

本文研究了不同种类树脂对Te的吸附能力,提出了在3mol/L HCl介质中,用M_(17)二甲胺树脂吸附,然后用水洗脱的新途径,使Te有效且无污染地得到分离和富集,实现了原子荧光测定地质试样中ppb级痕量Te。经地矿部标准参考样GSR7-12考察,分析结果与推荐值相符。     

大别山北缘地质找矿中遥感方法的研究

本项工作着重探讨在植被覆盖、地质背景十分复杂的地区，利用遥感信息寻找金矿及其它多金属矿的方法。即从地层岩系、构造及构造交叉部位、蚀变带这三个方面，进行地质找矿专题信息特征提取方法的研究。最后，通过信息提取及影像综合特征，进行遥感地质制图，圈定找矿有希望的地段。     

“准地籍测量”—一种有效的地籍测量模式

“准地籍测量”是在已有的地形图上根据地籍台帐于实地标绘宗地界域线,划分街道、街坊、调查区及编号,调查宗地座落、地名、门牌号码、房屋结构及层数等;基于这种测量模式,其成果以传统的图、表展示已很难适应。实践运用MGE地理信息基础平台开发出的地籍信息管理系统,其准地籍测量约70％的宗地成果与实际确权一致,不失为一种快速、经济有效的地籍测量模式。     

永平水泄铜钴矿控矿因素

水泄铜钴矿区地质条件较为复杂,控矿因素较多,通过分析认为主要受断层及岩性控制,地层初始富集,构造及区域变质作用提供通道及热源。水的循环、溶解作用形成热卤水成矿。     

塔里木板块新元古代地层化学蚀变指数研究及其意义

本文应用化学蚀变指数(CIA)方法,研究新疆库鲁克塔格地区新元古代地层,并探讨沉积时期的气候环境。贝义西组总体 CIA 值较低,介于51～56之间,具冰期环境特征。照壁山组 CIA 值为60左右,表明气候有所变暖。阿勒通沟组的CIA 值变化范围在48～61之间,顶部突变为69～71,说明阿勒通沟期经历了另一次寒冷事件,并以温暖环境结束。其上的特瑞爱肯组 CIA 值介于49～53之间,说明第三次经历寒冷干燥的气候环境。扎莫克提组,育肯沟组和水泉组的 CIA 均值为65,反映温暖条件下的沉积环境。新元古代末期汉格尔乔克组 CIA 值下降为56,暗示第四次出现寒冷气候环境。以上特征表明新疆库鲁克塔格地区新元古代的气候环境出现四次冷热交替变化。其中尤为重要的是阿勒通沟组中下部应为寒冷气候环境,而顶部突变为温暖气候环境,因此该组反映了一次明确的从冷到暖的气候变化过程,可以作为贝义西冰期和特瑞爱肯冰期之间的另一次独立冰期。本文的研究成果从地球化学角度支持塔里木板块新元古代四次冰期的划分方案。通过与扬子板块新元古代冰期划分方案的对比,认为塔里木板块新元古代四次冰期的前三次均已在华南板块以冰期或寒冷环境沉积形式出现。     

新疆萨尔布拉克金矿

萨尔布拉克金矿为北疆地区重要金矿之一,位于两个一级构造单元结合部位,矿床受北西向断裂破碎带控制,走向延伸长,规模大,从地表向下氧化矿、混合矿、硫化矿分带明显。明显受构造、地层及岩性控制,属构造一热液蚀变岩型微粒金矿。     

Distribution and significance of crystalline, perlitic and vesicular textures in the Ordovician Garth Tuff (Wales)

 Diverse spherulitic and granular crystalline fabrics, perlitic textures and fabrics related to the growth and migration of vesicles occur in the Garth Tuff, a largely welded Ordovician ignimbrite. Defining the distribution of such textures helps to constrain the ignimbrite's cooling and degassing history. Suites of spherulitic and perlitic textures closely reflect variation in cooling rates. Seven facies are defined based on the style and intensity of crystallisation: (1) a medium to coarsely crystalline, equigranular facies; (2) an intensely spherulitic facies; (3) a sparsely spherulitic facies; (4) a pectinate facies; (5) a microcrystalline to cryptocrystalline, equigranular facies; (6) a lithophysal facies; and (7) a transitional perlite–pectinate facies. Textural changes from facies 1 to 5 reflect progressively higher cooling rates. Facies 1 occurs in proximal settings in the ignimbrite's core. Facies 2 to 5 successively envelop facies 1, with facies 2 becoming the dominant fabric in the ignimbrite's core in medial settings. Facies 5 is typically developed in the originally glassy perlitic zones at the ignimbrite's welded margins. Crystallisation under hydrous conditions is reflected by second-boiling textures in the sporadically developed lithophysal facies. The seventh facies reflects a subtle interplay between cooling, hydration and crystallisation which locally prevented perlitic fracturing. The distribution of amygdales reflects patterns of volatile migration and entrapment. In the lower levels of the ignimbrite, amygdales occur in irregular concentrations or rare subvertical pipe-like structures. Pipe-like structures attest to fumarolic activity while the ignimbrite was in a rheomorphic state. Amygdales are widespread and evenly distributed in the upper levels of the ignimbrite. However, the top of the welding profile is characterised by a thin, poorly vesiculated, originally vitrophyric horizon that abruptly caps an intense concentration of amygdales. Ductile and brittle fabrics developed during the upward migration of gas. Microscopic drag folds occur around some amygdales. Jigsaw-fit to clast-rotated breccias originated through both late-stage pneumatic fracturing and autobrecciation. Vaporisation of water at the flow base provided a significant source of volatiles in addition to gas released during cooling and crystallisation. Secondary alteration has enhanced or modified some fabrics. Perlitic zones were susceptible to patchy chlorite–sericite–carbonate diagenetic alteration. Diagenesis and metamorphism have contributed to the infilling of vesicles. Received: 22 August 1997 / Accepted: 24 June 1998