新疆构造运动期序及特征

新疆地域辽阔,地质构造运动复杂,特征各异。前人曾对新疆构造运动的划分及命名做了大量工作,但多有不一致,有些构造运动的划分或命名依据不足,因此失去了应有的代表性。现根据实际资料,对新疆地质构造运动重新归纳和认识,提出新疆境内构造运动可划分为11期32幕(次),其中前寒武纪6期、古生代2期17幕(次),中新生代3期9幕(次)     

西太平洋南段新生代构造单元划分、地层特征及其对喜马拉雅造山运动的指示

系统梳理西太平洋南段（包括华南、日本、菲律宾及东印度尼西亚）部分地区的新生代构造-地层特征,并以区域性角度不整合为主要依据,对喜马拉雅运动期次、时代及其构造背景进行探讨。研究区受白垩纪末期晚燕山运动的影响,古新统乃至下始新统大都缺失,新生界高角度不整合于前新生界之上。根据不同构造单元内地层沉积-火山类型及接触关系对比,研究区新生界可分为3个构造层,即始新统—渐新统、中新统或上渐新统—中新统及上新统以上。上述3个构造层之间为2个穿时的区域性角度不整合分隔,分别对应早喜马拉雅造山运动（33~20 Ma）及晚喜马拉雅造山运动（5.3~2.6 Ma）界面,并以前者最强烈。区域2次构造运动均与岛弧或裂离微地块向欧亚板块边缘的碰撞拼贴有关,指示西太平洋南段喜马拉雅运动是发生于大陆边缘的增生造山过程,受控于太平洋板块和印度洋-澳大利亚板块运动方向与速率变化。在2次构造事件期间,始新世和中新世弧后的强烈伸展,导致华南大陆边缘古老山系的夷平及边缘海的产生,并最终形成现今的地质及地理格局。     

Metabasites with eclogite facies relics from Variscides in Sardinia,Italy: a review

Metabasites with eclogite facies relics occur in northern Sardinia as massive to strongly foliated lenses or boudins embedded within low- to medium-grade rocks (Anglona) and migmatites (NE Sardinia). U–Pb zircon dating yielded 453 ± 14, 457 ± 2 and 460 ± 5 Ma as the protolith ages; 400 ± 10 and 403 ± 4 Ma have been interpreted as the ages of the HP event and 352 ± 3 and 327 ± 7 Ma as the ages of the main Variscan retrograde events. A pre-eclogite stage is documented by the occurrence of tschermakite, zoisite relics within garnet porphyroblasts (Punta de li Tulchi) and an edenite–andesine inclusion within a relict kyanite porphyroblast (Golfo Aranci). Four main metamorphic stages have been distinguished in the eclogite evolution: (1) eclogite stage, revealed by the occurrence of armoured omphacite relics within garnet porphyroblasts. The Golfo Aranci eclogites also include kyanite, Mg-rich garnet and pargasite; (2) granulite stage, producing orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene–plagioclase symplectites replacing omphacite. At Golfo Aranci, the symplectitic rims around relict kyanite consist of sapphirine, anorthite, corundum and spinel; (3) amphibolite stage, leading to the formation of amphibole–plagioclase kelyphites between garnet porphyroblasts and pyroxene–plagioclase symplectites and to the growth of cummingtonite on orthopyroxene. Tschermakite to Mg-hornblende, plagioclase, cummingtonite, ilmenite, titanite and biotite are coexisting phases; (4) greenschist to sub-greenschist stage, defined by the appearance of actinolite, chlorite, epidote ss, titanite, sericite and prehnite. The following P–T ranges have been estimated for the different stages. Eclogite stage 550–700°C; 1.3–1.7 GPa; granulite stage 650–900°C; 0.8–1.2 GPa, clustering in the range 1.0–1.2 GPa; amphibolite stage 550–740°C; 0.3–0.7 GPa; greenschist stage 300–400°C; 0.2–0.3 GPa. Comparable ranges characterise the other Variscan massifs in Europe; eclogite stage: T = 530–800°C; P from 0.7–1.1 to 1.7 ± 0.3 GPa; granulite stage T = 760–870°C and P from 1.1–1.4 to 7.2–9.9 GPa, clustering around 1.0–1.2 GPa. Whole-rock chemistry: Sardinian eclogites are N- to T-MORB; European ones N- to E-MORB or calc-alkaline.     

Author Index for Journal of Mountain Science Volume 11,2014,pp 1-1656

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阿尔金造山带南缘晚奥陶世赞岐质闪长岩的发现及其地质意义

本文以阿尔金造山带南缘出露的高镁赞岐质闪长岩为研究对象,通过系统的野外地质工作、显微岩相学、年代学和全岩地球化学分析,探讨其成因类型和源区性质,限定了阿尔金造山带构造演化格架。闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明其形成年龄为(445±3) Ma,属晚奥陶世。地球化学数据显示:闪长岩Al₂O₃含量为15.11%~16.19%,且具有高MgO(3.93%~5.29%)和K₂O(1.68%~2.67%)含量的特征,属于高镁钙碱性准铝质岩石;闪长岩具有较高的Cr(29.3×10^-6~140×10^-6)、Ni(27.1×10^-6~43.5×10^-6)、Ba(606×10^-6~936×10^-6)、Sr(513×10^-6~734×10^-6)和Y(26.4×10^-6~31.1×10^-6)含量,与典型的高镁赞岐岩类地球化学特征一致;稀土配分图和微量元素蛛网图显示闪长岩样品富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(如Rb和K),而亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ti和Zr),表现出与俯冲带环境岩浆岩相似的性质;高Ti/Zr比值(48~60)与Mg^#(46.74~53.06)、高Cr(29.3×10^-6~140×10^-6)与高Ni(27.1×10^-6~43.5×10^-6)含量等暗示闪长岩岩浆源区来自遭受俯冲组分交代过的富集岩石圈地幔。岩石成因分析表明,阿尔金造山带南缘晚奥陶世高镁赞岐质闪长岩是后碰撞构造环境下俯冲板片断离诱发地幔楔发生减压熔融而形成,代表了早古生代最强烈的区域性幔源基性岩浆侵入事件。     

Recurrent mesoproterozoic continental magmatism in South-Central Norway

We report U–Pb dates and Lu–Hf isotope data, obtained by LAM-ICPMS, for zircons from metamorphic rocks of the Setesdalen valley, situated in the Telemark block south of the classic Telemark region of southern Norway. The samples include infracrustal rocks from the metamorphic basement, metaigneous rocks and metasediments from the Byglandsfjorden supracrustal cover sequence, and metaigneous rocks which intruded the whole succession. The main crustal evolution took place from 1,550–1,020 Ma, beginning with the emplacement of juvenile tonalitic melts; the contribution of older crustal material increased with time. Around 1,320 Ma, further addition of juvenile material occurred, involving both mafic and felsic melts, metamorphism and deformation. Acid magmas with high FeO*/MgO were intruded at 1,215 Ma, coinciding with underplating elsewhere in South Norway. The period starting at 1,215 Ma is represented by supracrustal rocks, principally metarhyolites with minor mafic material and immature sediments of the Byglandsfjorden Group. The crust generation processes ended with the intrusion of diorites and granodiorites at 1,030 Ma, late in the Sveconorwegian orogeny. Regional processes of metamorphism and deformation (around 1,290 and 1,000 Ma) can be related to the assembly of Rodinia. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

赣东北地区构造演化的新认识

根据近几年来赣东北地区的区域地质调查及科研工作所获的地质资料、化石资料和实测数据,论述了该区晋宁期以来的构造演化,提出了以下看法：①该区是一个多期造山作用的复合体,它经历了褶皱基底形成、洋陆转化和陆内发展三大阶段和晋宁期、加里东期、印支期、燕山期四个构造旋回;②早古生代该区存在一小洋盆;③加里东期构造旋回在赣东北地区是明显的,其造山作用是存在的,并由此奠定了该区构造分区的总体格局。     

造山带构造研究中几个重要学术概念问题的讨论

简要分析和评述了造山带构造研究中的几个重要学术概念问题：造山带，造山带类型、造山作用和造山过程、造山带构造格局、造山作用模式。指出不宜将造山带定义直接与板块边缘构造位置和板块间相互作用联系在一起；造山作用和造山带不仅出现在板块之间相互作用的地带，而且可以出现在远离板边界的地方－－即所谓板内造山带。强调了板内造山带研究的重要性，提出了确定板内造山的主要依据，指出在造山带分类、造山带构造山带。强调了板内造山带研究的重要性，提出了确定内造山带的主要依据，指出在造山带分类、造山带构造格局和造山作用过程中应充分注意内造山带的客观存在，以及板内造山带成因动力机制研究中需要着重考虑的重要方面。     

Mineral composition variation in Alpine Schist, Southern Alps, New Zealand: Implications for recrystallization and exhumation

Abstract Compositional variation of silicates (plagioclase, K-feldspar, epidote, titanite, garnet, white mica, biotite, chlorite), ilmenite, carbonates (calcite, ankerite) and apatite, in quartzofeldspathic lithologies of the Alpine Schist, New Zealand, is discussed in terms of increasing metamorphic grade and possible isograd-producing reactions. The mineral data, in conjunction with geological considerations, are used to determine polychronous P-T arrays of an early high P/T event (c. 16°C/kb; 5°C/km) overprinted by a lower P/T event (c. 50°C/kb; 15°C/km) that provides an estimation of Mesozoic and Cenozoic exhumation of schist of 11 to 13 km and 19 to 22 km respectively. The effects of possible shear heating and recrystallization to form K-feldspar zone schist near the Alpine Fault is consistent with movement along a mid to lower crustal detachment surface during Cenozoic shortening, and near isothermal exhumation of the schists to form the Southern Alps.     

利用步长模拟对青藏高原涡度方差测量法的质量评价

利用痕迹模拟方法对青藏高原两处地方涡度方差的测量数据进行了质量分析，揭示了其空间和时间结构。分析表明高达1/3的测量没有达到必要的数据正确假设。尽管这样对潜热、CO2、动量通量的测量基本通过测试，可以适用于基础研究，但是经常发现特定的风矢量违背基本假设条件。感热通量的测量允许使用不间断的连续测量法，然而由于局地地形的影响少量评估指数未能合理解释，但能够指示出组织结构及用于导出边界层中尺度流体模型假说。