湘中锑(金)矿床成矿物质来源——Ⅰ.微量元素及其实验地球化学证据

为了查明湘中盆地中-低温梯（金）矿床的成矿物质来源，文章应用高分辨率ICP-MS、ICP-AES等方法对岩石与矿石进行了系统测定，并结合作者以往分析数据和实验地球化学结果，对该区盆地及周边基底地层与矿床中的微量元素分布特征及其水/岩反应效应进行了综合分析和系统研究。结果表明：Sb、Au等成矿元素在元古界基底碎屑岩中具有高的背景含量，在近似成矿条件下的水/岩反应实验中，成矿元素的淋出率达20%～90%，元古界基底碎屑岩中的金（锑、钨）矿床的周围蚀变围岩中出现明显的金负异常区。而盆地内泥盆系统地层中的高锑含量仅局限于锑矿床（化）及其蚀变围岩中；湘中锑（金）矿床中的矿石与基底碎屑岩具有相似的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线特征，以上微量元素地球化学特征充分证明该区锑（金）矿床锑、金等成矿物质主要来源于元古界底碎屑岩。     

细菌浸铜技术在紫金山铜矿的应用

介绍了生物浸矿技术在紫金山铜矿的应用及在这一过程中发现的一些问题，并提出了有待进一步解决的一些问题。     

风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿稀土浸出工业指标的意义

一直以来,风化壳型稀土矿床均以全相品位来圈定矿体,计算全相储量。而矿山实际生产长期以来是用浸出稀土品位及其总量为依据。在用浸出品位作为基本分析项目时,其分析成本仅有原全相分析的四分之一,且分析周期、普查周期亦大大缩短。同时选取合适的组合样求取浸出率可以求出全相储量,为国家提供稀土总量数据。总之,浸出工业指标比全相分析指标更能反映采选工艺的进步,保证充分利用资源,又能提供二种合理的储量。缩短资源评价周期。节约资源评价费用,是一种经济适用的工业指标,具有一定的参考价值。     

砂岩型铀矿地浸过程中的溶质迁移机理

讨论了“溶质迁移、溶质迁移面和特征性溶质迁移面”的概念，以及研究溶质迁移的方法和实例。在对381砂岩型铀矿床进行地浸模拟试验的基础上，应用以上概念和方法，对地浸过程中的溶质迁移过程进行了讨论，探讨了地浸过程的机理和发生的水文地球化学作用，总结了溶浸试验过程中的溶质迁移分带。在以上溶质迁移机理研究的基础上．论证了地浸地质工艺参数。地浸过程中分带的研究清楚地显示了浸铀的发展过程及其在各个时期各个地段铀浸出作用的进展程度。     

Petrogenesis of extension-related alkaline volcanism in Karaburhan (Sivrihisar–Eskisehir), NW Anatolia, Turkey

Alkaline lavas were erupted as phonolites and trachytes around Karaburhan (Sivrihisar–Eskisehir, NW Anatolia) within the Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan suture zone. These volcanic rocks were emplaced as domes, close and parallel to the ophiolite thrust line. According to ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronological analyses of sanidine crystals from the phonolites, the age of the alkaline volcanics is 25 Ma (Late Oligocene–Early Miocene).The flow-textured phonolites are porphyritic and consist mainly of sanidine, clinopyroxene, and feldspathoid crystals. The clinopyroxenes show compositional zoning, with aegirine (Na_0.82–0.96Fe⁺³_0.68–0.83) rims and aegirine–augite cores (containing calcium, magnesium, and Fe⁺²). Some aegirine–augites are replaced with sodium-, calcium-, and magnesium-rich amphibole (hastingsite). Feldspathoid (hauyne) crystals enriched with elemental Na and Ca have been almost completely altered to zeolite and carbonate minerals. The fine-grained trachytes with a trachytic texture consist of feldspar (oligoclase and sanidine) phenocrystals and clinopyroxene microphenocrystals within a groundmass made up largely of alkali feldspar microlites.Although there are some differences in their element patterns, the phonolites and trachytes exhibit enrichment in LILEs (Sr, K, Rb, Ba, Th) and LREEs (La, Ce, Pr, Nd) and negative anomalies in Nb and Ta. These geochemical characteristics indicate a lithospheric mantle enriched by fluids extracted from the subduction component. In addition, the high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.706358–0.708052) and low ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd (0.512546–0.512646) isotope concentrations of the alkaline lavas reflect a mantle source that has undergone metasomatism by subduction-derived fluids. Petrogenetic modeling indicates that the alkaline lavas generated from the subduction-modified lithospheric mantle have undergone assimilation, fractional crystallization, and crustal contamination, acquiring high Pb, Ba, Rb, and Sr contents and Pb isotopic compositions during their ascent through the thickened crust in an extensional setting.     

上扬子台地晚震旦世灯影组中葡萄状-雪花状白云岩的成因意义

葡萄状 -雪花状白云岩是白云岩形成之后经淡水淋滤作用而成 ,葡萄内或雪花周围的有机物质不是原生藻 ,而是蓝绿藻经细菌腐解后形成的细菌集合体。该套白云岩的形成与沉积环境关系密切 ,与藻类多少无关。葡萄状白云岩富含有机物质 ,而雪花状白云岩孔洞发育 ,因此葡萄状 -雪花状白云岩既是生油层 ,又是良好的储集层 ,对其重新认识和定位 ,必将为寻找深部油气资源提供极为重要场所     

湿浸硫酸镍工艺中的二次浸取

湿法浸取硫酸镍工艺研究中,净化提纯工艺采取了蒸发浓缩浸液、分步沉淀杂质的技术方案。中试表明,采用此种工艺生产效率很低,还导致生产流水线上的设备匹配性差。为此,作者提出了二次浸取的技术方案。实验室及中试试验表明:采用二次浸取工艺替代蒸发浓缩工艺,行之有效。     

Geological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Radzimowice Au–As–Cu deposit from the Kaczawa Mountains (Western Sudetes, Poland): an example of the transition of porphyry and epithermal style

The sheeted quartz–sulfide veins of the Radzimowice Au–As–Cu deposit in the Kaczawa Mountains are related to Upper Carboniferous post-collisional potassic magmatism of the composite Zelezniak porphyry intrusion. Multiple intrusive activity ranges from early calc-alkaline to sub-alkaline and alkaline rocks and is followed by multiple hydrothermal events. Early crustally derived dacitic magma has low mg# (<63) and very low concentrations of mantle-compatible trace elements, high large-ion lithophile elements (LILE), moderate light rare-earth elements (LREE), and low high-field-strength elements (HFSE). Later phases of more alkaline rocks have higher mg# (60–70), and LILE, LREE, and HFSE characteristics that indicate mafic magma contributions in a felsic magma chamber. The last episode of the magmatic evolution is represented by lamprophyre dikes which pre-date ore mineralization and are spatially related to quartz–sulfide–carbonate veins. The dikes consist of kersantite and spessartite of calc-alkaline affinity with K₂O/Na₂O ratios of 1.1–1.9, mg# of 77–79, and high abundances of mantle-compatible trace elements such as Cr, Ni, and V. They have high LILE, low LREE, and low HFSE contents suggesting a subduction-related post-collisional arc-setting. The mineralization started with arsenopyrite that was strongly brecciated and overprinted by multiple quartz–carbonate phases associated with base-metal sulfides and Au–Ag–Bi–Te–Pb±S minerals. The sulfur isotope composition of sulfides ranges from –1.1 to 2.8 ³⁴S and suggests a magmatic source. At least two generations of gold deposition are recognized: (1) early refractory, and (2) subsequent non-refractory gold mineralization of epithermal style. Co-rich arsenopyrite with refractory gold and pyrite are the most abundant minerals of the early stage of sulfide precipitation. Early arsenopyrite formed at 535–345°C along the arsenopyrite–pyrrhotite–loellingite buffer and late arsenopyrite crystallized below 370°C along the arsenopyrite–pyrite buffer. Non-refractory gold associated with base-metal sulfides and with Bi–Te–Ag–Pb–S mineral assemblages has an average fineness of about 685, and is represented by electrum of two generations, and minor maldonite (Au₂Bi). Fluid inclusions from various quartz generations co-genetic with base-metal sulfides and associated with carbonates, tellurides and non-refractory gold indicate fluids with moderate salinity (9–15 wt% NaCl equiv.) and a temperature and pressure drop from 350 to 190°C and 1.2 to 0.8 kbar, respectively. According to the result of the sulfur isotope fractionation geothermometer the temperature of base-metal crystallization was in the range from 322 to 289°C. Preliminary results of oxygen isotope studies of quartz from veins indicate a gradual increase in the proportion of meteoric water in the epithermal stage. The gold to silver ratio in ore samples with >3 ppm Au is about 1:5 (geometric mean). Hydrothermal alteration started with sericitization, pyritization, and kaolinitization in vein selvages followed by alkaline hydrothermal alteration of propylitic character (illitization and chloritization), albitization and carbonatization. The mineralization of the Radzimowice deposit is considered as related to alkaline magmatism and is characterized by the superposition of low-sulfidation epithermal mineralization on higher-temperature and deeper-seated mesothermal/porphyry style.Editorial handling: B. Lehmann     

堆浸生产中高锑样品金的测定

堆浸提金生产中,高锑样品的湿法测金,用氯化铵和溴化氢挥发法除去锑对金测定的干扰,用氢醌容量法测定,快速、简单,效果明显。     

FeSO4对铬污染土的稳定特性及风险评价试验研究

采用硫酸亚铁（FeSO4）对铬污染土进行稳定化处理。选用浸出试验、Cr(VI)残留值试验和形态提取试验,研究了粒径和有机质对铬污染土稳定特性的影响规律。试验结果表明,粒径和有机质对铬污染土稳定特性有较大影响。粒径的减小可显著降低稳定土中Cr(VI)和总Cr的浸出浓度及稳定土中Cr(VI)的含量;当污染土粒径小于2 mm时,Fe(II)/Cr(VI)摩尔比为3,稳定土中Cr(VI)和总Cr的浸出浓度分别为4.68、8.9 mg/L,均低于我国《危险废弃物鉴别标准 浸出毒性鉴别》（GB/T5085.3－2007）的限值。有机质添加量的增加可明显降低稳定土中Cr(VI)和总Cr的浸出浓度及Cr(VI)的含量。当Fe(II)/Cr(VI)摩尔比为3时,有机质的添加量为5%,稳定土中Cr(VI)的含量为28.3 mg/kg,低于我国《土壤环境质量标准》（GB15618－2008）中工业和商业用地限值（30 mg/kg）;当有机质的添加量为10%时,稳定土中Cr(VI)的含量为4.8 mg/kg,低于居住用地限值（5 mg/kg）。形态提取试验结果表明：粒径的减小可降低弱酸提取态的铬含量,增加可还原态的铬含量,而对可氧化态和残渣态的铬含量影响不大;有机质可促使弱酸提取态、可还原态的铬转化为可氧化态的铬,而残渣态的铬变化不大。稳定土中铬从活性态向较稳定态转化,是铬稳定土稳定特性和环境风险变化的根本原因。