俯冲板片中微量元素的活动性:西天山榴辉岩相运输脉的制约

西天山的基性高压变质岩显示互相连接的榴辉岩相脉体网络来源于蓝片岩的进变质脱水作用,通过这些网脉可以洞察在俯冲带高压条件下远程流体流动中的流体-岩石相互作用和元素负载。岩相学证据表明外来流体的渗透作用产生运输脉,而流体持续的沟道式流动导致主岩蓝片岩的淋滤。脉和蓝片岩蚀变带中锂(Li)的含量几乎是蓝片岩主岩中锂的两倍,它支持流体是外部来源的设想。这些流体触发了蓝片岩主岩的榴辉岩化作用而形成蓝片岩蚀变带。由于成脉流体中的微量元素含量低,所以导致与流体发生化学反应的主岩中所有微量元素的强烈淋滤。在此过程中有53%~81%的微量元素被活化,与大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素的损失相符合,它们的损失量几乎是重稀土元素和高场强元素损失量的两倍。     

尾矿酸浸液制备氢氧化铁过程中施威特曼石的形成与转变

尾矿酸浸液在制备氢氧化铁的过程中,由于逐渐滴加碱液正好形成了pH值为2.8～3.8的高SO2-4、高Fe环境,因而生成了施威特曼石.施威特曼石是一种亚稳定矿物,随着时间的延长和体系状态改变,它可以转变为更稳定的针铁矿(氢氧化铁).考查了pH值、温度及时间对施威特曼石相转变的影响.结果表明,在60℃条件下,在pH值为12的碱溶液中转化36 h,施威特曼石可完全转变为Fe(OH)3.     

防治土壤盐碱化最优灌排模型

将作物临界土壤含盐量和地下水临界埋深等概念应用于防治灌区土壤盐碱化最优规划,提出了非线性规划最优灌排模型.以新疆巩留县团结灌区灌排工程为实例,求解了不同年型(P=20%、50%、75%、95%)的防治土壤盐碱化灌排优化决策,求得的灌排水量、淋洗水量、作物生长季节土壤盐分动态变化及地下水位年内调控过程等结果,与灌区实际情况拟合较好.     

贵州赤水地区中三叠统雷口坡组的成岩作用和储集性

赤水地区中三叠统雷口坡组的气藏是１９９１年初发现的，其储层主要发育在雷一＾１中段。储集岩主要为溶孔粉晶云岩，储集空间为晶间孔、晶间溶孔及溶孔。受沉积环境控制，成岩早期的淡水溶蚀作用是形成储集性的主要原因，导致雷一＾１亚段的储层具明显的成层性，而印支期抬升引起的风化淋滤作用进一步改善了储集性。成岩期的石膏充填则是使储集空间遭破坏的主要因素。本文通过“四性研究”，充分利用岩石学、岩石地球化学及各种微电     

The Serra da Graciosa A-type Granites and Syenites, southern Brazil: Part 2: Petrographic and mineralogical evolution of the alkaline and aluminous associations

The Serra da Graciosa Granites and Syenites comprise five distinct plutons in the Brasiliano/Pan-African Graciosa A-type Province, southern Brazil. Six petrographic series can be identified in these plutons: (1) Alkaline series 1, composed of amphibole-bearing alkali feldspar syenites with varied mafic mineralogy and quartz contents, from alkali feldspar syenites with calcic amphibole, clinopyroxene, olivine and allanite to alkali feldspar quartz syenites with sodic–calcic amphibole and chevkinite–perrierite and to alkali feldspar granites with sodic amphibole; (2) Alkaline series 2, characterized by amphibole-bearing alkali feldspar granites, with limited modal variations but amphibole compositions also varying from calcic to sodic; (3) Alkaline series 3, of limited occurrence, which includes alkali feldspar syenites with olivine and clinopyroxene and no amphibole; (4) Aluminous series 1, of widespread occurrence, with various petrographic facies of biotite granites with amphibole; (5) Aluminous series 2, characterized by alkali feldspar granites with biotite and only minor amphibole; (6) Monzodiorites, typically with biotite, calcic amphibole and augitic clinopyroxene, partially mingled with granitic magmas. The mafic minerals present are, in general, Fe-rich with correspondingly low Mg and Al contents. In Alkaline series 1, amphiboles crystallized in progressively more oxidizing and alkaline conditions, while in Alkaline series 2, the initial conditions were somewhat more oxidizing and shifted to reducing in the final stages. In Aluminous series 1 and Aluminous series 2, amphiboles are calcic and comparatively homogeneous. The amphiboles in the monzodioritic rocks, while also homogeneous, are more Mg-rich and show compositions quite distinct from the calcic varieties in the other associations, and this is also the case for clinopyroxene. Mg# in biotite decreases from the monzodioritic rocks to Aluminous series 1 and further to Aluminous series 2. Contrasting evolution of the various associations suggests that several coeval magmatic series are present in the Serra da Graciosa granites.     

Reducing Sb-leaching from municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash by addition of sorbent minerals

This paper investigates the mechanisms controlling Sb-leaching from fresh Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash, as well as the possibilities of controlling the extent of Sb-leaching by the addition of sorbent minerals to the bottom ash. In alkaline MSWI bottom ash Sb is possibly incorporated in ettringite-like minerals. When weathering/carbonation continues the ettringite dissolves resulting in a mobilisation of Sb. At neutral pH values the leaching of Sb is likely to be controlled by sorption to amorphous Fe/Al-(hydr)oxides. It has been shown that Sb can effectively be removed from solution if salts of Fe(III) or Al(III) are added to the bottom ash. This addition of Fe(III)/Al(III)-salts leads to (1) the in-situ precipitation of Fe/Al-hydroxides and sorption/coprecipitation of contaminants such as Sb, and (2) a lower bottom ash pH and thus an increased affinity of oxyanions for sorption to Fe/Al-(hydr)oxides.     

广东石岭碱性杂岩的岩石学特征及地质意义

广东石岭碱性杂岩体岩石矿物和岩石化学研究表明,杂岩体以霞石角闪正长岩、角闪正长岩为主,黑云母正长岩等岩石组成,为Ａ－型花岗岩分异结晶作用所形成。产于板内引张构造环境,与深大断裂有关。岩体本身已构成霞石正长岩矿床,具有较高的工业利用和经济价值。     

Kinetics of the leaching of mechanically activated berthierite,boulangerite and franckeite

In this study, changes in surface area, morphology and leachability of antimony from mechanically activated berthierite—FeSb₂S₄, boulangerite—Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁ and franckeite—FePb₅Sn₃Sb₂S₁₄ by a high-energy planetary mill were investigated. It appears that a selective extraction of antimony from these complex sulphosalts in alkaline solution of sodium sulphide is positively affected by mechanical activation. The influence of milling on mineral particle size and shape was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The temperature dependencies of berthierite alkaline leaching were investigated in an interval of 323–363 K. Resulting experimental activation energies E _a were 0.11 and 6.78 kJ mol⁻¹ for mechanically activated berthierite due to a break of Arrhenius plot. The values E _a are characteristic for a process controlled by diffusion as the rate-controlling step of leaching reaction.     

滇西北衙金矿区碱性斑岩岩石学、年代学和地球化学特征及其成因机制

报道了在北衙金矿区新发现的含矿石英钠长斑岩的特征以及某些罕见的地质现象,如石英正长斑岩侵位于岩溶洞穴,黑云正长斑岩侵位于未固结河湖相沉积物中,并形成诸如微晶与玻璃质基质共生和斑岩与围岩混积等奇特结构构造,并给出了矿区斑岩系统的~(39)Ar/~(40)Ar年龄。年龄结果显示:石英钠长斑岩形成于第三纪早期、年龄为65．56Ma,石英正长斑岩形成于25～33Ma之间,黑云正长斑岩侵位于上新世、两个岩体黑云母的年龄分别为3．66Ma和3．78Ma。矿区石英钠长斑岩、石英正长斑岩和黑云正长斑岩均为碱性斑岩,具有一些相似的地球化学特征,包括岩石中(K_2O+Na_2O)＞10%,SiO_2＞67%,富轻稀土、与OIB相似的REE稀土分配模式,Sr＞400×10~(-6),~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr＞0．707。矿区碱性斑岩的REE组成和Nd-Sr-Pb同位素组成显示斑岩成因于含有大洋岛屿玄武岩(OIB)、大洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)、正常沉积岩和上地幔(EMII+PREMA)组分的混合源,我们进一步推断北衙矿区碱性斑岩和滇西其它第三纪碱性斑岩一样成因于被掩埋的古金沙江特提斯大洋岩石圈与其上覆上地幔之间因印度-亚洲大陆俯冲-碰撞而导致的强烈剪切变形所引起和形成的熔体的上侵。     

CaO对钙矾石固化/稳定化重金属铅污染土的影响

为研究CaO的赋存形态及含量对钙矾石固化/稳定化重金属铅污染土效果的影响,采用高铝水泥提供AlO2-,纯石膏或磷石膏提供SO42-,高铝水泥、石膏、普通硅酸盐水泥或生石灰提供CaO,制备不同组分固化剂配比的固化土,测试试样强度和孔隙溶液pH值等宏观物理力学指标,通过醋酸缓冲溶液法测试试样的铅溶出量,对比分析不同固化剂固化土的矿物成分与微观结构特征。结果表明,钙矾石固化/稳定化重金属铅污染土效果显著;钙矾石对孔隙的填充作用带来的增强效果不能代替水化硅酸钙胶结土颗粒的胶结作用,普通硅酸盐水泥对试样的强度更有利,但其后期强度增幅不大,而生石灰有利于固化土强度的持续增长;生石灰较普通硅酸盐水泥对钙矾石的形成、稳定和重金属Pb2+的固化/稳定化更有利;磷石膏和纯石膏对试样的pH值、无侧限抗压强度及钙矾石固化/稳定化重金属Pb2+的效果影响较小;固化土体微观结构特征表明,CaO含量对钙矾石生成形态及作用效果影响显著。当CaO含量较低时,早期生成的钙矾石将向单硫型硫铝酸钙转化。研究成果可丰富重金属污染场地原位处理技术,具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。