冷浸-氟硅酸钾法测定矿石中的二氧化硅

以氢氟酸、硝酸、过氧化氢混合溶剂冷浸过夜的方式分解样品 ,然后在 3mol/ L硝酸溶液加入氯化钾生成氟硅酸钾沉淀 ,经过滤、洗涤后以沸水水解 ,所生成的氢氟酸用氢氧化钠标准溶液滴定 ,来测定二氧化硅的含量。方法操作简便 ,易于掌握。经标样验证 ,结果吻合     

Experimental Study on Mine Spoils During Superficial Geochemical Processes

Based on the mineral and chemical compositions of spoils taken from the Shilu Cu-Mo deposit and Hetai gold deposit ,the leaching and batch experiments were made on spoils taken from these two deposits using the leaching column designed by the authors.The experimental results showed that it is not always true that the imine drainage is acidic.Its acidity depends on acid-buffering capacity of gangue,host rock and its alteration mineral assemblage.The composi-tion of the drainage water is related with the interaction between superficial or underground water and solid materials in the spoils,including minerals,hydroxides and amorphous substances.The leaching extent of the element is related with its occurrence form in the deposit.The prefer-ential flow results in leaching-out of heavy metals in large amounts.So it is important to prevent the generating of preferential flow in the system.The results will provide very important grounds for the comprehensive management of land and ecological rehabilitation of the mine site.     

Climatic control of the assemblages of secondary clay minerals in the A-horizon of United States soils

The concentrations (per cent) of secondary clay minerals (mica, vermiculite, montmorillonite, chlorite and kaolinite) in the A-horizon of 99 soil sample sites were entered into a cluster program to determine the common clay mineral assemblages found in U.S. soils. Five major assemblages were identified with the most common assemblage consisting of mica, montmorillonite and kaolinite. A suite of climatic variables was determined for each of the 99 sites, including the water balance variables and Arkley's leaching index. A discriminant analysis was then used to predict the occurrence of a clay assemblage from the climate data. Sixty per cent of the sites could be correctly predicted, although not all assemblages could be predicted equally well; two assemblages could be predicted with 88 and 82 per cent accuracy. The precipitation of the wettest month and Arkley's leaching index accounted for most of the predictive power. Thus this study supports theoretical models which suggest that seasonal moisture supply is an important control of clay genesis and persistence. A residuals analysis indicated that many of the palaeosols in the data set and many of the soils from glacial parent materials possessed clay mineral assemblages not expected on the basis of modern climate.     

中性浸出-硫氰酸汞-硫酸高铁铵分光光度法测定锌精矿中的氯量

利用水中性浸出,硫氰酸汞-硫酸高铁铵分光光度法测定锌精矿中氯的含量。方法简便快速,结果准确可靠,标准加入回收率为95.62%～106.25%,方法精密度(RSD,n=7)为1.99%～7.37%。测定范围w(Cl)为0.02%～4.0%。     

A semi‐analytical approach for modelling heat transfer during salt‐cavern leaching process

The use of gas‐storage caverns in salt formations is a growing industry that continues to gain momentum because it allows gas to be injected and withdrawn at high rates compared with other underground gas‐storage systems such as porous rock systems. In order to predict cavern production performances, cavern thermodynamics behaviour must be studied by higher accuracy approaches. This behaviour is extremely related to the temperature distribution in the surrounding formations. During the leaching process, the thermal equilibrium of the rock salt surrounding the cavern is extensively disrupted. The purpose of this paper is to study the heat transfer problem during the leaching process and to develop a thermal model that can be easily used in field applications. The results of this work will be the input data for the prediction of the gas temperature and pressure during cavern gas‐storage operation phase. Moreover, the developed model can find its use in the design of salt caverns since it can be coupled with geometrical modelling of salt dissolution codes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Factors influencing in-situ leaching of uranium mining in a sandstone deposit in Shihongtan,Northwest China

The Shihongtan uranium deposit in northwest China is a sandstone-type deposit suitable for alkaline in-situ leaching exploitation of uranium. Alkaline leaching tends to result in CaCO3 precipitation there by affecting the porosity of the ore-bearing aquifer. CaCO3 deposits can also block pumping and injection holes if the formulation parameters of the leaching solution are not well controlled. However, controlling these parameters to operate the in-situ leaching process is challenging. Our study demonstrates that the dissolved uranium concentration in the leaching solution increases as HCO3－ concentration increases. Therefore, the most suitable HCO3－ concentration to use as leaching solution is defined by the boundary value of the HCO3－ concentration that controls CaCO3 dissolution-precipitation. That is, the dissolution and precipitation of calcite is closely related to pH, Ca2+ and HCO3－ concentration. The pH and Ca2+ concentration are the main factors limiting HCO3－ concentration in the leaching solution. The higher the pH and Ca2+ concentration, the lower the boundary value of HCO3－ concentration, and therefore the more unfavorable to in-situ leaching of uranium.     

渭河沉积物浸出的水文地球化学效应研究

基于渭河咸阳段（中游）和渭南段（下游）沉积物在水更新条件下的浸出实验及水文地球化学模拟,分析了浸出液中3个特征值和8个水化学组分的变化规律及5种矿物质饱和指数的变化特征.结果表明：浸出液中电导率、Eh值和pH值均随着换水量的增加呈现出波动式上升的变化趋势,电导率增加趋势中咸阳段高于渭南段,Eh值增加趋势中渭南段高于咸阳段,说明渭河下游沉积物的颗粒更细,物质还原性更强,浸出液由弱酸性逐步向弱碱性转变;浸出液的HCO₃^-、Cl^-、SO₄^2-含量均表现出随着换水量的增加呈现出先迅速增加,而后逐步减少直至趋于稳定的变化过程,且咸阳段的变化幅度明显高于渭南段,而CO₃^2-含量则呈现不断减少的趋势;Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺含量均表现出随着换水量的增加呈现出先迅速增加,而后趋于稳定的变化过程,且咸阳段的起始含量和增加幅度均高于渭南段;浸出液中无水石膏、石膏的饱和指数随换水量的增加呈现相同的变化规律,且饱和指数都小于0,咸阳段饱和指数在换水量小于22.5%时溶解能力强,换水量大于22.5%后趋于饱和并开始沉淀的特征,渭南段换水量为12.5%时饱和指数最小,换水量大于或小于12.5%后饱和指数均呈缓慢增加的趋势;方解石、白云石的饱和指数随换水量的增加也呈现相同的变化规律,且饱和指数都大于0,咸阳段在换水量小于12.5%时溶解能力较强,换水量大于12.5%后处于饱和状态并开始沉淀,渭南段在换水量小于5%时溶解能力较强,换水量大于5%后处于饱和状态并开始沉淀;NaCl饱和指数在换水量小于10%时溶解能力较强,换水量大于15%后开始沉淀.咸阳段沉积物中五种矿物质的饱和指数均要大于渭南段,说明渭河中游咸阳段沉积物在水不断更新条件下矿物质溶解能力低于下游渭南段,且沉淀能力较强、沉淀量较大.     

The role of carbonate-fluoride melt immiscibility in shallow REE deposit evolution

The Lugiin Gol nepheline syenite intrusion, Mongolia, hosts a range of carbonatite dikes mineralized in rare-earth elements(REE). Both carbonatites and nepheline syenite-fluorite-calcite veinlets are host to a previously unreported macroscale texture involving pseudo-graphic intergrowths of fluorite and calcite. The inclusions within calcite occur as either pure fluorite, with associated REE minerals within the surrounding calcite, or as mixed calcite-fluorite inclusions, with associated zirconosilicate minerals. Consideration of the nature of the texture, and the proportions of fluorite and calcite present(～29 and 71 mol%,respectively), indicates that these textures most likely formed either through the immiscible separation of carbonate and fluoride melts, or from cotectic crystallization of a carbonatefluoride melt. Laser ablation ICP-MS analyses show the pure fluorite inclusions to be depleted in REE relative to the calcite. A model is proposed, in which a carbonate-fluoride melt phase enriched in Zr and the REE, separated from a phonolitic melt, and then either unmixed or underwent cotectic crystallization to generate an REE-rich carbonate melt and an REE-poor fluoride phase. The separation of the fluoride phase(either solid or melt) may have contributed to the enrichment of the carbonate melt in REE, and ultimately its saturation with REE minerals. Previous data have suggested that carbonate melts separated from silicate melts are relatively depleted in the REE, and thus melt immiscibility cannot result in the formation of REE-enriched carbonatites. The observations presented here provide a mechanism by which this could occur, as under either model the textures imply initial separation of a mixed carbonate-fluoride melt from a silicate magma. The separation of an REEenriched carbonate-fluoride melt from phonolitic magma is a hitherto unrecognized mechanism for REE-enrichment in carbonatites, and may play an important role in the formation of shallow magmatic REE deposits.     

不同因素影响下突发性强降雨对沙拐枣的危害——以塔里木沙漠公路防护林生态工程为例

塔里木沙漠公路防护林生态工程全长436 km,造林树种以抗逆性较强的沙拐枣(Calligo-num L.)、柽柳(Tamarix L.)、梭梭(Haloxylon Bunge)等优良防风固沙灌木为主,采用高矿化度地下水滴灌.2005年5月,公路沿线出现了罕见的突发性强降雨,由此引起的表层土壤盐分淋溶造成了沙拐枣大量死亡.本研究采用线路调查和随机抽样方法,在突发性强降雨后对塔里木沙漠公路防护林带内沙拐枣死亡率进行了调查,并对调查结果及其原因进行了分析,结果表明:沙拐枣死亡率(1)随林龄的增加而减小;(2)随矿化度的升高而增大;(3)垄间平沙地>过渡区>高大沙垄垄体;(4)林带中央>公路旁>林带外围.