云南永平卓潘新生代碱性杂岩体的元素地球化学和Nd-Sr-Pb同位素特征及地质意义

云南永平卓潘碱性杂岩体是金沙江-哀牢山富碱斑岩带中的重要岩体,位于兰坪走滑拉分盆地西部。该岩体的主要岩石类型为辉石正长岩、正长岩和霞石正长岩等。岩石地球化学显示高碱、高K_2O/Na_2O比值、低TiO_2、高Al_2O_3的超钾质钾玄岩系列岩石。微量元素表现为富集K、Rb、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Ta、Nb、Ti、P、Zr等高场强元素(HFSE),表现为明显的"Ta-Nb-Ti"负异常,同时富集过渡性元素Cr、Ni、Co等。稀土元素为稀土总量高,富集LREE、(La/Yb)_N比值高、Eu异常不明显为特征。(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i比值为0.707611～0.709167、ε_(Nd)(t)值为-4.89～-6.57,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb变化于18.6886～18.7022、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb变化于15.6169～15.63493、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb变化于38.7972～38.8927,显示岩浆源区具有富集地幔(EMⅡ)与下地壳共同作用的壳幔过渡带特征,构造环境判别为大陆弧(CAP)环境。岩体是在碰撞造山过程中大陆板片俯冲,使曾经遭受古洋壳板片流体强烈交代的壳幔过渡带在上升的软流圈熔体的注入而发生部分熔融,在走滑拉分盆地的核心部位沿构造断裂上升侵位而形成。     

浙江瑶坑碱性花岗岩体的年代学、地球化学及其成因与构造指示意义

瑶坑岩体位于闽浙交界沿海地区,是闽浙沿海晚中生代 A 型花岗岩带中的一个典型碱性花岗岩体。锆石 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 同位素定年表明,该岩体的形成年龄为91.3±2.5 Ma(MSWD=3.7,2σ),属晚白垩世岩浆活动的产物。岩石发育特征的微文象结构和晶洞构造,含有典型的碱性铁镁矿物钠铁闪石。地球化学上,该岩体富硅、碱,贫钙、镁,富 K、Rb、Cs、Th、U,贫 Sr、Ba、P、Ti、Sc。其 Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf 和 Ga 等元素的含量也较高,(Ga/Al)×10~4值变化于3.64～4.41,并具显著的铕负异常(δEu=0.15～0.20)。与闽浙沿海 A 型花岗岩带中的其它岩体相比,瑶坑岩体具有偏高的ε_(Nd)(t)值(=-0.7～-1.4)和偏低的二阶段 Nd 模式年龄(t_(2DM)=0.95Ga～1.01Ga),指示幔源组分对该岩体的形成具有更重要的贡献。在 A 型花岗岩亚类的判别上,瑶坑岩体以较低的 Y/Nb 比值和较高的 Nb/Ta 比值相似于 Eby(1992)区分的 A_1型花岗岩,而明显有别于岩带主体属A_2型的特点。岩石产出构造背景及地球化学特征的综合分析表明,多组深断裂交汇,进而引发多量幔源组分参与成岩过程,是导致瑶坑岩体元素-同位素组成与区内其它同类岩体有较明显差别的主要原因。     

Age constraints on the evolution of the Austroalpine basement to the south of the Tauern Window

The Austroalpine basement to the south of the Tauern Window once was part of the northern margin of Gondwana. It includes the “Altkristallin” and the phyllitic Thurntaler Complex. In the Altkristallin (AMU, MPU), suites of arc-related metamafic sequences occur together with calc-alkaline metagranite. SHRIMP U–Pb dating of zircon from calc-alkaline metagranite associated with an eclogitic amphibolite give an age of 470 ± 3 Ma interpreted as the age of protolith emplacement. In the Thurntaler Complex, metaporphyroids occur together with tholeiitic as well as alkaline within-plate basalt-type metabasite. The metaryholites of this association give a crystallization SHRIMP age of 477 ± 4 Ma, which suggests contemporaneity of arc-related and extensional settings in the Austroalpine basement units. The age data demonstrate widespread magmatic activity associated with the Early-Ordovician amalgamation at the end of the 550–470 Ma subduction–accretion–collision cycle. The Pb–Pb and U–Pb systematics of step-wise leached staurolite and kyanite from the peak-metamorphic assemblage of the Altkristallin indicate that (1) step-wise leaching of staurolite and kyanite yields the age of inclusions rather than the host; (2) zircon inclusions in staurolite suggest an Ordovician or older age for the precursor of the staurolite-schists; (3) the weighted average of the ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U data of the various leaching steps yields a Variscan age for the inclusions (ilmenite, biotite, and andesine). Since these inclusions are part of the metamorphic mineral assemblage, this age provides a minimum estimate for staurolite growth, i.e., metamorphism. Thus, the Pb–Pb and U–Pb systematics of staurolite provide evidence for a Variscan metamorphism of the Austroalpine basement, e.g., MPU, AMU and Thurntaler Complex, to the south of the Tauern Window.     

Two distinct Miocene age ranges of basaltic rocks from the Rhön and Heldburg areas (Germany) based on Ar/Ar step heating data

New ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age data are determined for Cenozoic basaltic rocks from the Thuringian Rhön and Heldburg Gangschar (area also referred to as Grabfeld), integral parts of the Central European Volcanic Province. Applying the incremental heating technique on groundmass and plagioclase separates provided data which considerably specify our knowledge on the eruption ages in these volcanic fields and narrow down the duration of volcanic activity compared to earlier studies. All data but one outlier range between 20 and 14 Ma, being thus similar to those of the neighbouring Vogelsberg volcanic complex. The spectrum of ages is clearly divided into two distinct subsets: the Rhön ages are between 20 and 18 Ma, those of the Heldburg Gangschar are between 16 and 14 Ma. Thus, the present data clearly indicate a striking regional and temporal division of the Thuringian Miocene volcanism. The composition of the volcanic rocks in the two volcanic fields is remarkably diverse, ranging from tholeiitic basalts over alkali basalts and basanites to nephelinites. However, radiometric ages do not correlate with geochemical or petrological characteristics of the volcanics within each volcanic field, indicating that the different magma types erupted broadly contemporaneously.The outlier in age (29 Ma) is from a volcanic dyke of the NE Rhön area close to the NW end of the Thuringian Forest. However, more data are required to approve the significance of this age value, in particular since the rock showed isotopic age disturbance.     

某低品位软锰矿的化学浸出试验研究

文章通过对某地低品位软锰矿的试验研究 ,采用直接浸出工艺流程 ,可获得较好技术指标的硫酸锰产品 ,为同类型锰矿的开发利用进行了有益探索。     

Validation of an intrinsic groundwater pollution vulnerability methodology using a national nitrate database

The importance of groundwater for potable supply, and the many sources of anthropogenic contamination, has led to the development of intrinsic groundwater vulnerability mapping. An Analysis of Co-Variance and Analysis of Variance are used to validate the extensively applied UK methodology, based upon nitrate concentrations from 1,108 boreholes throughout England and Wales. These largely confirm the current aquifer and soil leaching potential classifications and demonstrate the benefits of combining soil and low permeability drift information. European legislation such as the Water Framework Directive will require more dynamic assessments of pollutant risk to groundwater. These results demonstrate that a number of improvements are required to future intrinsic groundwater vulnerability methodologies. The vertical succession of geological units must be included, so that non-aquifers can be zoned in the same way as aquifers for water supply purposes, while at the same time recognising their role in influencing the quality of groundwater in deeper aquifers. Classifications within intrinsic vulnerability methodologies should be based upon defined diagnostic properties rather than expert judgement. Finally the incorporation into groundwater vulnerability methodologies of preferential flow in relation to geological deposits, soil type and land management practices represents a significant, but important, future challenge.

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Resumen La importancia de las aguas subterráneas en el abastecimiento de agua potable, y las muchas fuentes de contaminación antropogénica, ha llevado al desarrollo del mapeo de vulnerabilidad a la contaminación intrínseca de aguas subterráneas. Se han utilizado un análisis de co-varianza y análisis de varianza para validar la metodología que se ha aplicado extensamente en UK basada en concentraciones de nitrato de 1108 pozos a través de Inglaterra y Gales. Se confirma ampliamente las clasificaciones actuales de acuíferos y potencial de lixiviación del suelo y se demuestra los beneficios de combinar la información de suelos y derrubios de baja permeabilidad. La legislación europea tal como el Marco Directivo del Agua requerirá evaluaciones más dinámicas del riesgo a la contaminación de agua subterránea. Estos resultados demuestran que se requieren varias mejoras en las metodologías futuras de vulnerabilidad intrínseca a la contaminación de agua subterránea. Tiene que incluirse la secuencia vertical de las unidades geológicas de modo que las unidades que no son acuíferos puedan zonificarse de la misma manera que los acuíferos con fines de abastecimiento de agua, mientras que al mismo tiempo se reconozca el papel que tienen en la influencia de la calidad de agua subterránea en acuíferos profundos. Las clasificaciones de las metodologías de vulnerabilidad intrínseca deberían basarse en las propiedades diagnósticas características más que en el juicio experto. Finalmente la incorporación de flujo preferencial en las metodologías de vulnerabilidad de agua subterránea en relación a las formaciones geológicas, tipo de suelo y prácticas de manejo de la tierra representa un desafío futuro no solo significativo sino que importante.

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Résumé Limportance des eaux-souterraines pour lalimentation en eau potable, et les multiples sources de contaminations anthropiques, ont conduit au développement de cartes de vulnérabilité intrinsèque des eaux souterraines aux pollutions. Une analyse de la co-variance et lanalyse de la variance sont utilisées pour valider la méthodologie extensive utilisée en UK, basée sur les concentration en nitrates de 1108 forages en Angleterre et en Ecosse. Ceci confirme les classifications courantes basées sur la nature des aquifères et le potentiel de lessivage des sols, et démontre le bénéfice que lon peut tirer à combiner linformation dérivant des sols et des faibles perméabilités. La législation européenne telle la Directive Cadre Européenne demandera des évaluations plus dynamiques des risques de pollution affectant les eaux souterraines. Ces résultats démontrent quun certain nombre daméliorations sont nécessaires aux futures méthodes de vulnérabilité intrinsèque des eaux souterraines. La succession verticale dunités géologiques doit être pris en compte, de telle manière que les parties non-aquifères puissent être zonées de la même manière que les aquifères pour lapprovisionnement en eaux potables, et reconnaître par la même occasion leur influence sur la qualité des eaux souterraines dans les aquifères profonds. Les classifications utilisées dans les méthodes de vulnérabilité intrinsèque devraient être basées sur les propriétés dun diagnostique défini plutôt que sur un jugement expert. Finalement lincorporation, dans les méthodes de vulnérabilité intrinsèque, des écoulements préférentiels en relation avec les formations géologiques, les types de sol et les pratiques daménagement du territoire représentent un challenge futur significatif et ortant.

     

高放射性废物矿物固化体的特性

对高放射性废物（ＨＬＷ）矿物固化体的性能作了详细分析,并对ＨＬＷ矿物固化体和玻璃固化体的性质和两者的制作过程作了简单比较。体积小、ＨＬＷ组分掺入量高,浸出率低和制作过程简单是矿物固化体的优势。ＨＬＷ矿物载体的稳定性分析表明它们十分适合地下处置库潮湿和温度变化的环境。虽然单种矿物只能处理部分ＨＬＷ组分,但多种矿物集合起来就可以整体荷载全部的ＨＬＷ组分。     

Uraniferous Black Shale and Related Uranium Mineralization Features in South China

: Black shales are marine sediments with argillaceous, silty and siliceous compositions and high contents of organic materials, disseminated pyrite and uranium. Uraniferous black shale has uranium content of more than 20 ppm.Black shales are widely distributed in 17 provinces or autonomous regions in northwestern and southern-central China. Their sedimentary ages are from the Sinian to the Tertiary and uraniferous black shales are mainly exposed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the economically significant uranium deposits associated with black shale occur in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Uranium mineralization associated with black shale has the following main features: (1) forming stratabound deposits; (2) controlled by structures such as interlayer and intersected faults and fractures; (3) associated with different ore-forming processes such as leaching and hydrothermal reworking; (4)     

Sustainable irrigation Agriculture in the Tarim River Basin of Western Xinjiang Province Received Data: 99-09-20 ——A proposal for the extablishment of a Salinity Laboratory of P.R.China

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焦作市某碱渣堆放场对岩溶水氯离子污染的初步研究

结合某碱渣堆放场的水文地质状况,通过对碱渣的静溶和淋溶试验,分析了淋滤液中氯离子的析出过程,探讨了碱渣堆放场对岩溶地下水中氯离子污染的影响。通过实验数据的分析,认为该渣场对焦作市岩溶地下水氯离子浓度的升高具有很大的影响。在此基础上应用数学拟合方法,进行了碱渣淋滤总量的估算,认为碱渣场在其建成的13年以来,共向焦作市岩溶水排放的氯离子总量高达35k t之多。