羟基铝镍多孔粘土材料的表面酸性及其孔容

把羟基铝镍聚合物引入蒙脱石层间,制备多孔粘土材料,利用XRD、IR及非水溶液滴定法研究了制备方法及条件变化对材料表面酸性及孔容的影响。结果表明,制备方法及Al／Ni、(Al Ni)／土、老化温度等条件对表面酸性及孔容均有影响,材料在400℃以下热稳定性较好。     

滇东南铝土矿成矿物质来源探讨

滇东南含铝岩系为上二叠统吴家坪组（龙潭组）底部和第四系,铝土矿床类型分原生沉积型和第四系岩溶红土堆积型两大类,成矿物质分别来源于峨眉山大火成岩省的基性玄武岩的风化、剥蚀、淋沥所形成的含铝土矿碎屑-红土物质,以及邻近的原生沉积型铝土矿的风化残积、残坡积。     

Accumulation of Phosphorus and Heavy Metals in the Peel-Harvey Estuary in Western Australia: Results of a Preliminary Study

Concentrations of P and of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu) were determined in sediment cores from the Peel-Harvey Estuary in Western Australia. Two cores were extracted, each representing one of the two basins of the estuary. Sediments were dated by surplus²¹⁰Pb, by¹³⁷Cs and by changes in the Fe/S ratio. Increasing exports of P from the mainly agricultural catchments have resulted in more than a doubling of both total P and acid extractable inorganic P in sediments of the estuary. Accumulation of P in the estuary is less than expected for complete retention of inputs of P from the major tributaries. Historical data show that since 1950 average concentrations of dissolved inorganic P have approximately doubled in the Peel Inlet and increased by times seven in the Harvey Estuary. Increases in concentrations in surface sediments of acid extractable Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu are noticeable in the Peel Inlet, and of Zn and Cd in the Harvey Estuary. The greatest increase, relative to background, is shown by Zn. Concentrations of extractable Zn and Cd in surface sediments are similar to those estimated from average concentrations in the water column for equilibrium adsorption to organic matter in sediments. Extractable Pb is greater than estimated for equilibrium adsorption to sediments. Extractable Cu is of the order of what can be expected for equilibrium adsorption to sediments in the Peel Inlet, but is less than expected in the Harvey Estuary.     

The origin of chloritoid – 3‐mica pseudomorph growth in staurolite–muscovite schist,Bangriposi (Eastern India)

At Bangriposi, variable stages in replacement of staurolite by chloritoid – Na–K–Ca mica shimmer aggregates in muscovite schists provides insight into the complex interplay between fluid flow, mass transfer, and dissolution–precipitation during pseudomorph growth. Idioblastic chloritoid growing into mica caps without causing visible deformation, and monomineralic chloritoid veins (up to 300 μm wide) within shimmer aggregates replacing staurolite attest to chloritoid nucleation in fluid‐filled conduits along staurolite grain boundaries and crystallographic planes. The growth of shimmer aggregates initiated along staurolite margins, and advanced inwards into decomposing staurolite along networks of crystallographically controlled fluid‐filled conduits. Coalescence among alteration zones adjacent to channel fills led to dismemberment and the eventual demise of staurolite. Mass balance calculation within a volume‐fixed, silica‐conserved reference frame indicate the shimmer aggregates grew via precipitation from fluids in response to mass transport that led to the addition of H₂O, K₂O, Na₂O and CaO in the reaction zone, and Al₂O₃ was transported outward from the inward‐retreating margin of decomposing staurolite. This aided precipitation of chloritoid in veins and in the outer collars, and as disseminated grains in the shimmer aggregates at mid‐crustal condition (~520 ± 20 °C, 5.5 ± 2.0 kbar). Computation using one‐dimensional transport equation suggests that staurolite decomposition involved advection dominating over diffusive transport; the permeation of externally derived H₂O caused flattening of chemical potential gradients in H₂O and aqueous species, for example, and , computed using the Gibbs method. This suggests that staurolite decomposition was promoted by the infiltration of a large volume of H₂O that flattened existing chemical potential gradients. In the initial stages of replacement, chloritoid super‐saturation in fluid caused preferential nucleation and growth of chloritoid at staurolite grain boundaries and in crystallographic planes. As reaction progressed, further chloritoid nucleation was halted, but chloritoid continued to grow as the 3‐mica aggregates continued to replace the remaining staurolite in situ, while the chloritoid‐compatible elements were transported in the water‐rich phase facilitating continued growth of the existing chloritoid grains.     

北京粉尘沉降物的物理化学特征及其物源初探

对北京上空不同高度不同时间段采集的粉尘样品的物理化学特征进行了研究。认为不同的风动力作用导致北京上空粉尘不同来源的物质高度混合,且高度越高远源物质越多,高度越低近源物质越多。由于物质来源不同,粉尘的物理化学特征呈现出不同的特点。通过研究发现,Si/Al比值能近似地反映粉尘在空中的分布特征,可以作为粉尘扬起高度的间接指标。     

云南安宁禄脿小村锰铁矿矿床成因及找矿标志

昆阳群美党组军哨段中亚段第二层砂质板岩为铁锰矿源层,严格受地层层位控制,具有后期改造特征,属沉积—改造—层控矿床。     

东南极内陆格罗夫山地区基岩暴露年龄研究

采自东南极内陆格罗夫山地区两个冰原岛峰的五个基岩样品的原地生成宇宙成因核素1 0 Be和2 6Al测试结果表明 ,这五个样品的最小暴露年龄都在 2Ma左右 ,远远早于末次冰期极盛期 (LGM )。结合野外工作表明 ,格罗夫山地区中晚上新世以来至今冰盖厚度至少下降了 2 0 0m ,从那时起到现在 ,包括末次冰期极盛期 (LGM)在内 ,东南极冰盖表面高程都未曾再达到中晚上新世以前的冰盖表面高度     

Synthesis and characterization of Al<Subscript>13</Subscript>-oxalate gel with Keggin structure

In this study, the Al₁₃-oxalate gel synthesized from Al₁₃ solution was characterized by XRD, FTIR and MAS ²⁷Al NMR. The results are: 1) the gel shows obvious XRD diffraction peaks, which is different from common Al gels and their oxalate precipitations; 2) the peak of Al-O stretch vibration of Al₁₃-oxalate complexes at 810 cm⁻¹ indicates that the gel was formed directly by the complexes, and the characteristic peaks of IR and solid-state NMR respectively occur at 725 cm⁻¹ and ∼6.1×10⁻⁵ chemical shift, which are respectively assigned to (Al-O)_Td vibration and (Al-O)₄ tetrahedron, suggesting that the gel has a unique Keggin structure; 3) Al₁₃ polyoxocation can directly form gel with oxalate, even in a high-pH environment (=7.8). This finding provides new evidence for the universality of Al₁₃ in natural environments. Through chemical analysis, the chemical formula of the gel was determined to be AlO₄Al₁₂(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂(C₂O₄)_7/2.     

陨石中宇宙成因核素~(10)Be和~(26)Al的化学分离纯化

陨石离开其小行星母体直至降到地球表面期间,受到宇宙射线的照射,产生一系列包括10Be和26Al等的放射性核素。10Be和26Al的含量及其比值记录了宇宙射线辐照历史,而陨石降落到地球表面后,它们的衰变又提供了测定其降落时间,即居地年龄的方法。10Be和26Al由加速器质谱测定,样品需分离纯化。为此,开展了陨石样品Be和Al的分离纯化实验。通过模拟样品的条件实验,建立了Be和Al分离纯化的化学流程,其回收率分别达到89%和70%。在此基础上,分离并测定了一个降落型普通球粒陨石(吉林陨石)非磁性部分的10Be和26Al的含量。结果显示,吉林陨石26Al/10Be的比值为5.005,远大于两者的饱和比值(2.72),说明吉林陨石经历了短期的暴露辐射,这一结果与吉林陨石第二阶段的暴露年龄0.4Ma一致。整个化学流程的10Be/9Be和26Al/27Al空白分别为(4.33±0.46)×10-14和(6.59±4.66)×10-15,其中前者接近于该仪器的空白测量值,而后者则接近于仪器的检测限2.3×10-15。