铝硅酸盐矿物六元环Al避免原则的研究

利用量子化学半经验计算ＰＭ３方法，对硅酸盐矿物结构中重要的六元环体系的各种同分异构体进行了能量差值的计算研究。同实验结果相比，计算的能量差值△Ｅ具有较好的精度，本文用这些△Ｅ值具体讨论了六元环的各种形式中Ａｌ避免原则的正确性和多样性。     

碱提取法分析海洋沉积物生物硅方法中碎屑组分污染的评估及校正

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱 (ICP- MS)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱 (ICP- AES)方法分析了常规碱液提取海洋沉积物中的生物硅所获取的溶液中的 Si、 Al和 Ti含量.分析结果显示 , 碱液提取法获取的溶液中 Si和 Al明显地由两种来源混合而成,其中, Si有较大比例的陆源碎屑成分的贡献,并不能直接代表沉积物中的生物硅含量,而需要对其中的陆源碎屑贡献进行扣除.通常使用 Al来代表陆源碎屑进行扣除的方法无法给出正确结果,因为碱提取液中 Al存在明显的非碎屑组分.对数个土壤及水系沉积物标准样品物质的试验发现,碱提取可以优先溶解其中的 Si和 Al,而提取液中的 SiO2/TiO2比值相对于土壤和沉积物全样的 SiO2/TiO2比值有一个比较固定的富集系数 (约 14左右 ).对南海沉积物而言,根据这个富集系数和区域的碎屑物质的化学组成算得碱提取液中碎屑组分 SiO2/TiO2比值约为 748,这与根据二端员混合估计的比值相当.这样,根据提取液中的 Ti含量可以较好地扣除出碎屑组分对生物硅的污染,对于更准确测定海洋沉积物中低含量的生物硅具有重要意义.     

Aluminium grain boundary diffusion in polycrystalline mullite ceramics

Aluminium tracer diffusivities were measured in polycrystalline mullite. The artificial aluminium isotope ²⁶Al was used as tracer isotope. An advanced preparation technique for the ²⁶Al₂O₃ tracer source allowed to apply secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in order to analyse ²⁶Al depth distributions in the polycrystalline material. Pre-exponential factors and activation enthalpies were determined for compositions of 78 wt.% Al₂O₃, 22 wt.% SiO₂ (high-alumina material) and of 72 wt.% Al₂O₃, 28 wt.% SiO₂ (low-alumina material), respectively. A strong dependence of the ²⁶Al grain boundary diffusivity on the composition is observed. The results are discussed in comparison to previous data on grain boundary diffusivities of oxygen in mullite samples from the same batch. Dedicated to Prof. Hermann Schmalzried on the occasion of his 75th birthday.     

南海北部晚第四纪高分辨率元素比值反映的东亚季风演变

选取大洋钻探ODP 184航次在南海北部钻取的1144站(20°3.18'N,117°25.14'E;水深2037m)上部岩芯为研究材料.通过X荧光光谱(XRF)岩芯扫描仪获取晚第四纪100ka以来时间分辨率高达10年的元素记录,并与德国"太阳号"95航次在同一站位获得的17940-2柱状样(20°07.0'N,117...     

Metamorphic evolution of sapphirine‐ and orthoamphibole‐cordierite‐bearing gneiss,Okanogan dome,Washington, USA

Gneiss domes are commonly cored by quartzofeldspathic rocks that provide little information about the pressure–temperature–fluid history of the domes. Three northern Cordilleran migmatite domes (Thor‐Odin and Valhalla/Passmore, British Columbia, Canada; Okanogan, Washington, USA), however, contain Mg–Al‐rich orthoamphibole‐cordierite gneiss as layers and lenses that record metamorphic conditions and pressure–temperature (P–T) path information not preserved in the host migmatite. These Mg–Al‐rich rocks are therefore a valuable archive of metamorphic conditions during dome evolution, although refractory rocks such as these commonly contain reaction textures that may complicate the calculation of metamorphic conditions. In the Okanogan dome, Mg–Al‐rich layers are part of the Tunk Creek unit, which occurs at the periphery of an underlying migmatite domain. Bulk compositional layers (mm‐ to m‐scale) consist of gedrite‐dominated, hornblende‐dominated and biotite‐bearing layers that contain variable amounts of gedrite, hornblende, anorthite, cordierite, spinel, sapphirine, corundum, kyanite, biotite and/or staurolite. The presence of different compositional layers (some with reaction textures, some without) allows systematic analysis of metamorphic history by a combined petrographic and phase equilibrium analysis. Gedrite‐dominated layers containing relict kyanite preserve evidence of the highest‐P conditions; symplectitic and coronal reaction textures around kyanite indicate decompression at high temperature. Gedrite‐dominated layers lacking these reaction textures contain layers of sapphirine and spinel in apparent textural equilibrium and record a later high‐T–low‐P part of the path. Phase equilibria (pseudosection) analysis for layers that lack reaction textures indicates metamorphic conditions of 720–750 °C at a range of pressures (>8 to <4 kbar) following decompression. Elevated crustal temperatures and concordant structural fabrics in the Tunk Creek unit and underlying migmatite domain suggest that the calculated P–T conditions recorded in Tunk Creek rocks were coeval with anatexis, extension, and dome formation in Palaeocene–Eocene time. In contrast to orthoamphibole‐cordierite gneiss in the other Cordilleran domes, the Tunk Creek unit occurs as a discontinuous km‐scale layer rather than as smaller (m‐scale) pods, is more calcic, and lacks garnet. In addition, kyanite did not transform to sillimanite, and spinel commonly occurs as a blocky matrix phase in addition to vermicules in symplectite. These differences, along with the compositional layering, allow an analysis of bulk composition v. tectonic (P–T path) controls on mineral assemblages and textures. Pseudosection modelling of different layers in the Tunk Creek unit provides a basis for understanding the metamorphic history of these texturally complex, refractory rocks and their host gneiss domes, and other such rocks in similar tectonic settings.     

Thermal History of the Horoman Peridotite Complex: A Record of Thermal Perturbation in the Lithospheric Mantle

The ascent history of the Horoman peridotite complex, Hokkaido,northern Japan, is revised on the basis of a detailed studyof large ortho- and clinopyroxene grains 1 cm in size (megacrysts)in the Upper Zone of the complex. The orthopyroxene megacrystsexhibit distinctive M-shaped Al zoning patterns, which werenot observed in porphyroclastic grains less than 5 mm in sizedescribed in previous studies. Moreover, the Al and Ca contentsof the cores of the orthopyroxene megacrysts are lower thanthose of the porphyroclasts. The Upper Zone is inferred to haveresided not only at a higher temperature than previously suggestedbut also at a higher pressure (1070°C, 2·3 GPa) thanthe Lower Zone (950°C, 1·9 GPa), in the garnet stabilityfield, before the ascent of the two zones. The Horoman complexprobably represents a 12 ± 5 km thick section of lithosphericmantle with an 10 ± 8°C/km vertical thermal gradient.The current thickness of the Horoman complex is 3 km, whichis a result of shortening of the lithospheric mantle by 0·25± 0·1 during its ascent. The Upper Zone appearsto have experienced a heating event during its ascent throughthe spinel stability field, with a peak temperature as highas 1200°C. The effect of heating decreases continuouslytowards the base of the complex, and the lowermost part of theLower Zone underwent very minor heating at a pressure higherthan 0·5 GPa. The uplift and associated deformation,as well as heating, was probably driven by the ascent of a hotasthenospheric upper-mantle diapir into the Horoman lithosphere. KEY WORDS: Horoman; P–T trajectory; thermal history; Al diffusion in pyroxene; geothermobarometry     

Al2O3改良红黏土的力学试验研究

广西是我国铝业的生产大省,在生产金属铝的时候会产生污染物赤泥,由于赤泥结合的化学碱难以脱除,对地下水污染严重,大量的赤泥堆放,不仅占用了大片的土地,干燥的赤泥还会造成粉尘污染,有效地对赤泥进行回收利用已经成为当前迫在眉睫的任务。本次研究尝试使用作为赤泥主要成分之一的Al2O3的掺入,研究其对红黏土的物理力学性质的影响,本次试验采用掺入率分别为0、1%、2%、3%、4%,5个不同掺入比例Al2O3后的红黏土。对其进行液塑性试验,分析不同掺入率的红黏土的液塑性变化情况。通过击实试验,得出不同掺入率下红黏土的最大干密度、最优含水率。最后对红黏土重塑样进行三轴不固结不排水剪切试验,获得在同一含水率,不同掺入率、不同围压下的应力-应变关系曲线、弹性模量、抗剪强度参数的变化规律。试验结果表明：改良后的红黏土还是具有高液、塑限的特性,其状态为坚硬。随着掺入的Al2O3的量增加,其液限、塑限、塑性指数、含水率、最大干密度都降低;同等Al2O3掺入量的情况下,随着围压的增大抗剪强度增强,在同等围压下,随着Al2O3掺入量的增加抗剪强度呈先降低后增高的状态。     

四川大沟流域土壤活性铝含量及其对连香树群落的影响

研究了四川茂县大沟流域不同高度,不同土壤类型的土壤活性铝含量和土壤活性铝含量变化与连香树群落生长的关系,并对土壤活性铝变化原因及产生铝毒的有关问题进行了讨论。     

Preliminary study on rockfall for Al Gayah site in Yemen

Studying the landslide and rockfall in Yemen still in its preliminary stage. Al Gayah rockfall site is a chronic problem as many other areas in the Republic of Yemen. The present authors have tried to highlight, and find best solution for this problem for the first time. Field work, collecting data and laboratory test for many rock samples such physical properties, chemical for major elements and thin section have been carried out. The physical properties performed according to ASTM, and then the result have been gotten and discussed.     

原地生成宇宙成因核素^10Be和^26Al样品采集及处理

着重介绍原地生成宇宙成因核素^10Be和^26Al理想样品的特点、野外采集注意事项、实验室分离与纯化以及加速器质谱测量用靶样制备等。