Gold contents of both mantle-derived xenoliths and sulfides in them from eastern China

The gold contents of 59 samples of mantle-derived xenoliths, along with 85 samples of sulfide assem-blages in them, of Cenozoic basalt from eight districts in eastern China are analyzed. The gold contents of mantle xenoliths usually fall in the range of 10-9―10-8, whereas those of the sulfide assemblages fall in the range of 10-4―10-2. This implies that the latter are several hundred thousand times higher than the former, and thus that Au in the mantle is concentrated mostly in sulfide assemblages. Gold con-tents of both mantle-derived xenoliths and sulfide assemblages in them are inhomogeneous spatially, but their distribution rules are similar. Except the samples from Hainan Province, either the mantle xenoliths with high gold content or sulfide assemblages of the mantle-derived xenoliths with high gold content are distributed mostly on the north and south margins of the North China platform (Hannuoba of Hebei Province and Linqu, Changle of Shandong Province), corresponding to districts with concen-trated gold deposits in northwest Hebei Province and Jiaodong Peninsula of Shandong Province. This may reflect the correlativity in age, nature and composition between the continental crust and the un-derlying lithospheric mantle. The underlying lithospheric mantle of the North China platform is an an-cient gold-rich lithospheric mantle. The gold-rich lithospheric mantle may be the material source of later activation, enrichment, transportation and mineralization of gold by auriferous CO2 mantle fluids.     

Migration and enrichment of trace elements of Lower Palaeozoic carbonate rock strata in Beijing

Analyses of trace elements of the Lower Palaeozoic carbonate rock strata in Beijing show that the contents of As, Hg, F increase from primary carbonate rocks to weathered carbonate rocks and from primary carbonate rocks to the soil coexisting with carbonate rocks, but the distribution regularity of S is not obvious. In the whole weathered stages, the sorption of As is mainly affected by Fe2O3. In soil Fe2O3 is also the main affecting factor of Hg enrichment. The main existing forms of Hg in primary carbonate rocks should simply be physical adsorption, coprecipitation and false isomorphous form between surface of carbonate rock and Hg. In soil the enrichment of F has little relationship with sul-fides and Fe2O3. In primary carbonate rocks, F is mainly absorbed by sulfides and clay minerals, etc. Weathered samples have closer genetic relationships with primary carbonate rocks. This also implies that weathered carbonate rocks have the close existing forms to that of primary carbonate rocks. In primary carbonate rocks FeS2 and FeS are the main forms of S, and sulfides have fixation effect on some heavy metals, whereas in weathered carbonate rocks and soil the fixation effect is weakened.     

地形环境对海底热液硫化物矿体内部流体循环的影响

在三层结构热液硫化物矿体模型的基础上, 分别构建了具有不同地形环境的海底热液硫化物矿体模型, 利用数值模拟方法, 模拟了具有倾斜海底面和起伏地形特征的硫化物矿体模型内部温度场和流场分布, 并据此探讨了地形环境在大型海底热液硫化物矿体形成过程中的控制作用.模拟结果表明: (1) 倾斜的洋壳层顶面对于矿体内温度场和流场分布的影响程度有限; (2) 矿体地形起伏是控制矿体内流体运移和热场分布的重要因素; (3) 在热液流体喷出区附近硫化物的堆积速度较快, 易于形成矿体的高地形区; 但随着地形的不断升高, 矿体内部的温度场和流场的分布模式会逐渐发生改变, 导致该区域热液喷口逐渐消亡或者改道.      

A Study of DMS Oxidation in the Tropics: Comparison of Christmas Island Field Observations of DMS, SO2, and DMSO with Model Simulations

This study reports comparisonsbetween model simulations, based on current sulfurmechanisms, with the DMS, SO₂ and DMSOobservational data reported by Bandy et al.(1996) in their 1994 Christmas Island field study. For both DMS and SO₂, the model results werefound to be in excellent agreement with theobservations when the observations were filtered so asto establish a common meteorological environment. Thisfiltered DMS and SO₂ data encompassedapproximately half of the total sampled days. Basedon these composite profiles, it was shown thatoxidation of DMS via OH was the dominant pathway withno more than 5 to 15% proceeding through Cl atoms andless than 3% through NO₃. This analysis wasbased on an estimated DMS sea-to-air flux of 3.4 ×10⁹ molecs cm^-2 s^-1. The dominant sourceof BL SO₂ was oxidation of DMS, the overallconversion efficiency being evaluated at 0.65 ± 0.15. The major loss of SO₂ was deposition to theocean's surface and scavenging by aerosol. Theresulting combined first order k value was estimated at 1.6 × 10^-5 s^-1. In contrast to the DMSand SO₂ simulations, the model under-predictedthe observed DMSO levels by nearly a factor of 50. Although DMSO instrument measurement problems can notbe totally ruled out, the possibility of DMSO sourcesother than gas phase oxidation of DMS must beseriously considered and should be explored in futurestudies.     

铜镍硫化物矿床的成冈——以诺里尔斯克（俄罗斯）和金川（中国）为例

与超基性岩浆作用有关的铜镍硫化物矿床主要有两种成矿建造,一种为含铬建造,另一种为含铂建造。尖晶石类矿物成分的变化清楚地反映了这两类建造的成矿属性,含铬建造的尖晶石属于铬铁矿－尖晶石系列,含铂建造中则为尖晶石－磁铁矿系列。从含铬建造向含铂建造转变的原因,可以解释为超基性岩艇中硫的作用增加,从而引起反应：４ＦｅＯ＋Ｓ＝ＦｅＳ＋Ｆｅ３Ｏ４（磁铁矿）,同时分散性铂族元素的专属性特征也发生相应变化（Ｒｕ＋Ｏｓ＋Ｉｒ）→（Ｐｔ＋Ｐｄ）。因此,含铬建造中主要富含Ｒｕ、Ｏｓ和Ｉｒ,而含铂建造中则富含Ｐｔ和Ｐｄ。超基性岩浆作用中硫的化学活动性增加与基碱度增加直接有关。因此,含铂的超基性岩大多数情况下与富碱的玄武岩形成共生组合,当富铁熔浆发生硫化作用时,将会导致硫化物与硅酸岩熔浆的不混融,从而形成矿浆,据此,金川含铂铜镍矿石不是矿     

古利库金(银)矿床地质特征和成因

古利库金(银)矿床为冰长石-绢云母型,产出与燕山中期"减压-剪切"环境下中心式火山喷发活动有关;矿床(体)受火山穹隆和爆破角砾岩筒及北西向、北东向断裂构造控制;容矿岩石为早白垩世龙江组、光华组安山岩、英安岩和新元古界-下寒武统落马湖群糜棱岩化的长英质片岩、片麻岩;矿床划分出矿化早期、主期和晚期3个矿化期,6个成矿阶段,3类组分矿体(Au型、Au-Ag型和Ag型)和脉状、网脉状两种形态矿体;围岩蚀变主要有硅化、冰长石化、绢云母化、白云石化、黄铁矿化等,硅化和冰长石化与矿化关系最密切;成矿温度185~255℃;成矿压力13.5 MPa (平均);成矿溶液盐度0.564% NaCl (平均);成矿深度500~600m.文中对成矿作用、矿床成因和成矿模式亦进行了探索和阐述.     

攀西红格钒钛磁铁矿矿田富钴硫化物中钴的地球化学特征及其地质意义

攀西红格钒钛磁铁矿矿田白草矿区发育富钴硫化物矿物,关于其成因和形成环境方面的研究较为薄弱。本文采用矿物学、矿物化学、地球化学等方法对其进行系统研究。矿石中主要富钴硫化物为磁黄铁矿（Po）、黄铁矿（Py）、镍黄铁矿（Pn）、硫钴镍矿（Se）。磁黄铁矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为0.21%、0.42%,Co/Ni平均值为1.10;黄铁矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为0.18%、0.29%,Co/Ni平均值为0.77;镍黄铁矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为2.67%、34.30%,Ni/Fe平均值为1.08、S/Fe平均值为1.91、M/S^#平均值为1.13;硫钴镍矿Co、Ni平均质量分数分别为24.30%、22.90%,Co/Ni平均值为1.06。根据Po-Py矿物温度计,白草矿区富钴硫化物结晶温度在267~490℃之间,表明其形成于中高温的条件。通过与地幔包体镍黄铁矿S/Fe、M/S^#特征值的对比,结合磁黄铁矿具有陨硫铁（Tr）同质多象晶体的特征,认为白草矿区硫化物具有地幔源的特征,说明成矿物质来源于地幔。白草矿区钴地球化学特征研究表明,在硫化物熔体分离过程中,钴迁移至单硫化物固溶体形成Po-Py固溶体,再由Po-Py固溶体中迁移至Pn、Se,形成了Se、Pn、Po-Py、Ccp（黄铜矿）中Co质量分数依次递减的现象。     

新疆包古图斑岩铜矿伴生元素金和银赋存状态初步研究

新疆西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿床Au平均含量0.25g/t,Ag为2.56g/t,Cu为0.30%,属于富金斑岩铜矿。伴生金和银矿化作用有两期:早期为斑岩矿化,形成了Cu-Mo-Au矿化组合,是主矿化期;后期叠加了Cu-Au-Ag-Te-Bi矿化,规模不大,出露于矿床的局部部位,但对矿石起到了加富作用。通过对钻孔薄片和光薄片的镜下观察及电子探针成分分析,认为早期矿化中Au和Ag主要呈固溶体形式存在于硫化物中,分布比较均匀,基本上不出现独立矿物,Au含量明显高于Ag;晚期矿化形成了复杂的Cu-Au-Ag-Te-Bi矿物,矿石呈浸染状和脉状叠加在早期矿化之上,以银矿物为主,与多种碲铋类矿物共生,主要银矿物有碲银矿、铋-碲银矿(?)、银-辉碲铋矿(?)、银-硫铋铜矿、银金矿等。晚期矿化规模不大,但对于提高矿床的经济价值具有重要意义。     

红旗岭镁铁-超镁铁岩侵入体及铜镍硫化物矿床的成岩成矿机制

红旗岭铜镍矿床地处华北地台与吉黑地槽系接触带--辉发河断裂北侧.区内出露30多个镁铁-超镁铁质岩体,其中1、7号超镁铁岩体中赋存铜镍硫化物矿(床)体.含矿岩体分相明显,各类岩石均具堆积结构.铜镍矿体呈似板状、脉状、透镜状及囊状赋存于超镁铁岩体底部橄榄辉岩相中.岩石学和地球化学研究表明,7号岩体形成以流动分异为主,1号岩体为重力分异;原始岩浆属拉斑玄武质,块状矿石系压滤作用产物,后续岩浆的补给和混合补充了成矿物质,硫化物不混溶程度受挥发分制约,矿床属岩浆深部熔离分异成因,成矿时代为印支期.     

辽宁早前寒武纪金、铜、铅、锌(银)矿床的变质成矿系列研究

金、铜、铅、锌(银)矿是辽宁地区的优势矿种,过去和现在都曾从多个不同角度或多个方面予以研究论述,但从成矿系列理论研究则是作者(1994)在Ⅱ轮区划工作中所做的一种新的尝试。根据程裕淇先生的成矿系列理论,辽宁地区早前寒武纪变质岩系中的金、铜、铅、锌(银)矿床属变质成矿系列组合,可进一步划分为三个成矿系列,六个成矿亚系列,九个矿床(种)类型和十二个矿床式。成矿系列特征表明成矿物质与原岩的含矿性关系非常密切,成矿物质或元素具有随原岩建造时空演化而演化的特点,成矿具有鲜明的专属性和层控性,是典型或比较典型的层控变质矿床。金矿床的形成和分布均与韧性剪切带及其糜棱岩有关,表明辽宁前寒武纪金矿床的形成不仅与变质作用有关,而且韧性剪切作用也是极其重要的成矿条件;铜、锌(银)和铅、锌(银)矿床以块状硫化物型为主,其成矿多与火山作用关系十分密切,变质作用过程中,发生重就位或再富集,或热液交代富集成矿。由太古宙至早元古代不同成矿系列或成矿亚系列中的矿床具有自下而上有序的空间分布规律。