分形滤波技术在新疆黄山-镜儿泉镍铜成矿带中的应用

为了深化新疆黄山-镜儿泉镍铜成矿带的成矿地质认识, 进一步确定找矿勘查方向, 采用多重分形滤波技术, 对该地区水系沉积物或岩屑地球化学测量数据中的Ni元素进行分析, 结果显示研究区西北部吐哈盆地具有高背景、弱异常且异常分散的特点; 中部康古尔大断裂带以及研究区东南部具有低背景、强异常、且异常呈带状分布的特点; 这可能是由于, 石炭世晚期至二叠纪早期的地幔柱事件在研究区中部和东南部沿深大断裂有大量玄武岩喷溢, 到新生代被剥蚀运移到西北部地形较低的吐哈盆地, 而在原地只残留其根部造成的。中部和东南部带状分布的Ni异常是可能的找矿有利地段。     

东天山四顶黑山层状岩体地质特征及成矿潜力分析

东天山黄山岩带因发育众多镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体和岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床而备受地质学者关注。四顶黑山岩体位于该岩带最东端,具有层状岩体特征;岩石类型有单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、橄榄苏长辉长岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉石角闪岩、辉长岩、角闪辉长岩、闪长岩,主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、透辉石、普通角闪石和斜长石,岩体分异较好,蚀变较发育。通过矿物显微结构特征观察以及计算得出:四顶黑山岩体中橄榄石最先结晶,其开始结晶温度大约在1419℃左右;古铜辉石和透辉石在橄榄石之后开始结晶,结晶温度分别在1100℃左右和900～1100℃之间,两矿物相在岩石中可以共存。岩体中橄榄岩相、苏长岩相发育,以及贵橄榄石+古铜辉石的矿物组合特征,表明岩体具有形成铜镍(铂)矿床的有利条件。     

甘肃金川铜镍矿床Ⅰ矿区深部边部地质-地电化学-地球物理多元信息成矿预测

在综合研究分析金川铜镍矿区前人资料的基础上,经现场地质调查、收集地质资料,总结了矿区的成矿规律,有针对性地在Ⅰ矿区的北东侧开展了地质-地球电化学-地球物理多元信息的深部边部成矿预测。根据地电化学数据的统计结果,对矿区元素共生组合和成矿作用、成矿期次等地球化学特征进行了探讨,以此确定了地电化学综合异常;在掌握矿区岩石、矿石物性特征的情况下,通过地球物理勘探推测在Ⅰ号矿体与F1断裂之间存在一隐伏的超基性岩体。最终对矿区进行地质-地电化学-地球物理特征的综合分析,圈定了测区的找矿远景区。     

扬子地块北缘周庵超镁铁质岩体矿物学特征及其对铜镍矿化的启示

扬子地块北缘~635 Ma周庵超镁铁质岩体是一个新发现的含铜镍硫化物矿化的隐伏岩体,主要由二辉橄榄岩组成。文章通过研究周庵岩体中橄榄石、铬铁矿和辉石的矿物成分变化探讨了岩浆演化过程和含矿岩体成因。根据岩石的矿物组合和蚀变程度,岩体从上到下分为3个部分:上部绿泥石-蛇纹石化二辉橄榄岩相带、中部二辉橄榄岩相带和下部绿泥石-角闪石化二辉橄榄岩相带。根据岩体中部带橄榄石和铬铁矿的成分,计算得到母岩浆的Mg^#值为0.63,MgO/FeO摩尔比值为1.72,w(Al₂O₃)为10.2%~11.7%,w(Ni)为476×10^-6,说明其为高镁玄武质岩浆;岩体中部带原生铬铁矿和粒间相铬铁矿核部的Cr₂O₃和Al₂O₃呈正相关关系,说明铬铁矿与粒间硅酸盐熔体发生了平衡交换,铬铁矿的高w(TiO₂) 和Cr^#值与拉张环境中层状岩体的铬铁矿特征一致;根据辉石温压计得到岩体中部单斜辉石和斜方辉石的共结温度为1 017~1 077℃,压力为(3.6~4.5)×10⁸ Pa,暗示形成岩体的浅部岩浆房深度约为12 km。岩体上部和中部带的橄榄石Fo值大部分集中在80 mol%~85 mol%,w(Ni)介于2 255×10^-6~4 455×10^-6,说明这些橄榄石是从没有经过强烈分离结晶和硫化物熔离的岩浆中结晶出来的。岩体下部带橄榄石的Fo值(67 mol%~68 mol%)和w(Ni) (1 500×10^-6~2 000×10^-6)都低于岩体上部和中部带的橄榄石相应值,说明岩体下部带的橄榄石可能形成于演化程度较高、并经历了硫化物熔离的岩浆。因此,笔者认为周庵岩体是由相对原始的和演化了的高镁玄武质岩浆两期侵位形成的。     

Mineralization and fluid evolution of the Jiyuan polymetallic Cu–Ag–Pb–Zn–Au deposit,eastern Tianshan,NW China

The newly discovered Jiyuan Cu–Ag–(Pb–Zn–Au) deposit is located in the southern section of the eastern Tianshan orogenic belt, Xinjiang, northwestern China. It is the first documented deposit in the large Aqikekuduke Ag–Cu–Au belt in the eastern Tianshan orogen. Detailed field observations, parageneses, and fluid inclusion studies suggest an epithermal ore genesis for the main Cu–Ag mineralization, accompanied by a complicated hydrothermal alteration history most likely associated with the multi-stage tectonic evolution of the eastern Tianshan. The Jiyuan Cu–Ag ore bodies are located along the EW-striking, south-dipping Aqikekuduke fault and are hosted by Precambrian marble and intercalated siliceous rocks. Early-stage skarn alteration occurred along the contact zone between the marble layers and Early Carboniferous diorite–granodiorite and monzogranite intrusions; the skarns are characterized by diopside–tremolite–andradite–pyrite–(magnetite) assemblages. Local REE-enriched synchysite–rutile–arsenopyrite–(clinochlorite–microcline–albite) assemblages are related to K–Na alteration associated with the monzogranite intrusions and formed under conditions of high temperature (310°C) and high salinity (19.9 wt.% NaCl). Subsequent hydrothermal alteration produced a series of quartz and calcite veins that precipitated from medium- to low-temperature saline fluids. These include early ‘smoky’ quartz veins (190°C; 3.0 wt.% NaCl) that are commonly barren, coarse-grained Cu–Ag mineralized quartz veins (210°C; 2.4 wt.% NaCl), and late-stage unmineralized calcite veins (140°C; 1.1 wt.% NaCl). Tremolite and Ca-rich scapolite veins formed at an interval between early and mineralized quartz veins, indicating a high-temperature, high-salinity (>500°C; 9.5 wt.% NaCl) Ca alteration stage. Fluid mixing may have played an important role during Cu–Ag mineralization and an external low-temperature Ca-rich fluid is inferred to have evolved in the ore-forming system. The Jiyuan auriferous quartz veins possess fluid characteristics distinct from those of the Cu–Ag mineralized quartz veins. CO₂-rich fluid inclusions, fluid boiling, and mixing all demonstrate that these auriferous quartz veins acted as hosts for the orogenic-type gold mineralization, a common feature in the Tianshan orogenic belt.     

Chemical composition of rock-forming minerals in granitoids associated with Au–Bi–Cu,Cu–Mo,and Au–Ag mineralization at the Freegold Mountain,Yukon, Canada: magmatic and hydrothermal fluid chemistry and petrogenetic implications

The chemical compositions of rock-forming minerals have been determined for both altered and least-altered igneous rocks spatially associated with numerous mineralized zones (Nucleus Au–Bi–Cu–As deposit, Revenue Au ± Cu and Stoddart Cu–Mo ± W mineral occurrences, and Laforma Au–Ag deposit) across the Freegold Mountain area, Yukon, Canada. Within the study area, K-feldspar has a narrow compositional range (89.4–91% Or), whereas plagioclase spans a wide range (4.4–70.07% An). In all of the investigated samples, T _Ab = T _An = T _Or, suggesting that magmatic equilibrium between the coexisting plagioclase and K-feldspar was maintained. Igneous amphibole phenocrysts from hypabyssal dikes are typically calcic, whereas the Stoddart Cu–Mo ± W, Laforma Au–Ag, and Goldy Au mineralization are associated with Mg-enriched primary amphibole of edenite composition, and Au–Bi–Cu–As mineralization from Nucleus is related to Al-enriched primary amphibole of ferropargasite composition. Primary biotite phenocrysts across the Freegold Mountain area re-equilibrated with oxidized magma (f(O₂) values between 10–13 and 10–11.5 bars, lying between the Ni/NiO and the magnetite/haematite buffers). However, biotite and amphibole phenocrysts from Stoddart, Goldy, Laforma, and the Highway zones crystallized from a more oxidized magma, as indicated by their elevated X _Mg up to 0.65, relative to biotite and hornblende from Nucleus and Revenue characterized by a lower X _Mg (typically < 0.50). This suggests that various sources and (or) rapid emplacement were involved in magma genesis, as further supported by the considerable variation of pressure (1.8–7.3 kb) of amphibole crystallization and of the total Al content in least-altered biotite (2.6–2.9 afu) within the Freegold Mountain area. Biotite and apatite equilibrated within the T range of 520–780°C, consistent with temperatures of equilibration between ilmenite and magnetite, and their compositions indicate that they formed from an oxidized I-type magma. Magma differentiated by fractional crystallization (indicated by the presence of normally zoned plagioclase with Ca-rich cores and Na-enriched outer rims) and multiple magma mixing (supported by the presence of reversed zoned plagioclase and coexistence of normally and reversely zoned plagioclase). Lower X _Mg biotite associated with the mineralized (Cu–Mo ± W) potassic alteration incorporated more F and Cl relative to least-altered biotite with higher X _Mg. In both Nucleus and Revenue Au–Cu mineralizations, secondary biotite composition varies with respect to the associated alteration mineral assemblages. Although secondary biotite in the skarn re-equilibrated with F-poor fluids, secondary biotite from the pervasive biotitization is related to F- and Cl-enriched fluids, and secondary biotite from the phyllitic zone is related to F-, Cl-, and Mg-depleted fluids, thus consistent with a change in mineralizing fluid composition during mineralization.     

福建柘荣马坑银矿地质特征及找矿方向

福建省柘荣县马坑银矿产于上侏罗统-下白垩统陆相酸性火山岩中,矿体严格受断裂（F1,F2）及其派生裂隙的控制。矿床发育绢云母化、硅化、黄铁矿化、黄铁绢英岩化、青磐岩化等中低温热液蚀变,矿体地表呈密集细脉状,深部为简单板状、透镜状。矿石矿物以自然银为主,次为辉银矿,含少量方铅矿、闪锌矿等。矿石工业类型为硫化矿,矿床成因为受断裂构造控制的中低温浅成火山热液充填交代型银矿床。     

小红石砬子银铅锌矿床地质特征及找矿标志

本文试图通过小红石砬子银铅锌矿床产于火山穹窿构造环境、控矿与海相火山-沉积建造有关、热液蚀变种类与矿体在金属矿化、元素分布空间上具有分带性等特征,论证该矿床属于位于火山穹窿构造环境中的火山成因块状硫化物矿床。进而推测同处于吉中弧形构造带中的地局子、新立屯、二道林子、圈岭等赋存于上古生界二叠系火山-沉积建造中的多金属硫化物矿床也应同属于与火山作用有关的块状硫化物矿床。在此基础上提出有关省内地槽区块状硫化物多金属矿床的几点找矿评价标志。     

王水溶样-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定铁铜铅锌硫化物矿石中8个元素

建立了王水溶样-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定铁、铜、铅、锌硫化物矿中Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Ag、Cd、Hg和Mo等8个元素的分析方法。确定了方法的溶矿及测定条件,用国家一级标准物质GBW07162(多金属贫矿石)和GBW07164(多金属矿石)进行精密度实验,除个别元素外,大多数的元素精密度(RSD,n=11)小于5%,准确度(RE)小于10%。通过一系列硫化物矿石标准物质进行方法验证,检测结果基本都在标准值的误差范围内,符合地质矿产开发的要求。方法简单,同时测定元素较多,线性范围宽,检出限低,尤其有利于硫化物矿石中的亲硫元素As、Ag、Hg的分析,实用性强。     

东天山黄山西含铜镍矿镁铁-超镁铁岩体岩浆地幔源区特征研究

新疆黄山-镜儿泉铜镍成矿带位于中亚造山带东天山晚古生代造山带,铜镍总储量达百万吨,是我国仅次于金川硫化物矿床的铜镍矿基地.黄山西铜镍矿床是该成矿带内一个大型矿床,Cu平均品位是0.31％,总储量18.8×104t,Ni平均品位是0.49％,总储量32×104t.黄山西岩体岩石地球化学特征与塔里木大火成岩省镁铁-超镁铁侵入岩和玄武岩存在明显差异;较之塔里木大火成岩省镁铁-超镁铁岩体( 269～ 274Ma),黄山-镜儿泉铜镍成矿带镁铁-超镁铁岩体的形成更早(274～298Ma);此外,成矿带内并没有早二叠溢流玄武岩大量出露.黄山西岩体各岩相的MORB标准化微量元素蛛网图显示明显的Nb、Ta、Ti负异常,(87Sr/86Sr)269Ma值较低(0.7034～0.7037),而εNd(269Ma)较高(5.14～ 7.14),这些地球化学特征难以用地壳混染来解释,而显示其原始岩浆来自于交代地幔的部分熔融,表明原始岩浆可能形成于活动大陆边缘.然而,黄山西岩体的岩相学特征与阿拉斯加型岩体存在差别,因此,不能排除交代地幔的部分熔融发生于碰撞造山后的伸展阶段的可能,软流圈的上涌可能起到重要作用.