Geochemistry of fine-grained sediments of the upper Cretaceous to Paleogene Gosau Group （Austria, Slovakia） Implications for paleoenvironmental and provenance studies

Bulk rock geochemistry of 169 fine-grained sediment samples of the upper Cretaceous to Paleogene Gosau Group（Northern Calcareous Alps,Austria and Slovakia） from borehole and outcrop localities was performed to separate non-marine and marine deposits.Geochemical characteristics of different Gosau depositional systems,basins and sediment provenance using major-,trace-,and rare earth elements were also investigated.Geochemical proxies such as boron concentrations were tested for seeking the possibilities of paleosalinity indicators.Due to the fact that several pelagic sections are represented by extremely low boron contents.B/Al^* ratios are recognized as more robust and differentiate reliably between marine（mean:160±34） and non-marine（mean:133±33） samples.Using statistical factor analysis,hemipelagic to pelagic samples from the Gieβhbl Syncline and Slovakian equivalents can be differentiated from marginal-marine to non-marine samples from the Grnbach and Glinzendorf Syncline related to terrigenous（SiCh.Al₂O₃,K₂O,Th,Rb,Zr and others） and pelagic indicative elements （CaO,Sr,TOT/C and B/Al^*）.A clear indication for ophiolitic provenance is traced by high amounts of chromium and nickel.Only non-marine successions of the Glinzendorf Syncline show higher Cr and Ni concentrations（up to 250 and 400 ppm,respectively） and enriched Cr/V and Y/Ni ratios trending to an ultramafic source.     

Metallogenic Correlations for the Fe‐Nb‐REE Mineralization in the West Mine of the Bayan Obo Deposit,Inner Mongolia,China

The West Mine of the Bayan Obo deposit, located in the northern‐central part of Inner Mongolia, China, is enriched in Nb, rare earth elements and iron (Nb‐REE‐Fe) mineral resources. This paper presents a combined method to explore metallogenic correlation of the Nb‐REE‐Fe mineralization at the Bayan Obo West Mine. The method integrates factor analysis and Back Propagation (BP) neural network technology into processing and modeling of geological data. In this study, the Nb and REE contents of samples were transformed into discrete values to analyze the correlations among the metallogenic elements. The results show weak mineralization correlations between Nb and REEs. Nb and U are closely related in the geochemical patterns, while Fe is closely related to both Th and Mn. LREEs are an important factor for the mineralization of the Bayan Obo deposit, while Fe and Nb can be considered as the results of passive mineralization. On the basis of a metallogenic correlation analysis, the factors affecting the Fe‐REE‐Nb mineralization were extracted, and the Nb mineralization model was established by the BP neural network. Based on the BP neural network data computing, the variability of the Nb concentration displays a coupled multi‐factor nonlinear relationship, which can be used to reveal the inherent metallogenic elemental regularities and predict the degree of element mineralization enrichment in the mining area.     

强风化条件下基性岩的识别方法—以赞比亚卡皮萨比地区为例

赞比亚卢菲利安弧中西段有大量辉长岩体发育。由于本区风化严重,辉长岩常被厚土壤层覆盖。辉长岩中的铜含量常高于其沉积围岩,易于形成铜异常。为了将辉长岩形成的异常与矿致异常区别开,有必要对土壤覆盖层下的辉长岩进行识别。作者对卡皮萨比地区的化探数据采用相关分析和因子分析进行了研究,认为铜异常与基性岩浆作用有关。根据野外地质观察、音频大地电磁测量、高精度磁法测量、槽探和钻探等工作,认为:地表砖红色土壤、高磁高阻地质体和Sc-Ti-V-Fe-Co-Ni-Cu的元素组合是识别强风化条件下隐伏基性岩体的标志。     

印尼苏拉威西超大型红土型镍矿找矿标志

超大型红土型镍矿主要控矿因素,板块边界三联点构造控制的白垩纪、三叠纪、二叠纪蛇绿岩底部镁质超基性岩,基岩MgO/Fe0比值14～18,通过风化作用后,形成结构分带较好的风化壳,风化壳对数Mgo/全铁比值0.4～1,地貌20～400米标高、5～ 20度坡度角,中、低山面型地貌.     

GIS支持下基于CF方法的2013年芦山地震滑坡因子敏感性分析

本文依据研究区现有地形因子(高程、坡度、坡向、斜坡曲率)、地质因子(岩性、距深大活动断裂距离)和地震因子(PGA、距震中距离)等相关影响因子资料并结合地震区基本情况,以GIS技术作为操作平台,采用确定性系数法,开展较为详细的芦山地震区地震滑坡影响因子敏感性分析工作。首先,以GIS技术作为操作平台将地震滑坡的8个影响因子据研究区特征进行分级,构建不同影响因子分级的栅格图层进行地震滑坡分布相关参数统计; 其次,采用确定性系数法计算8个地震滑坡影响因子分级区间对应的CF值,分别提取出地震滑坡最为敏感分级区间以进行地震滑坡影响因子敏感性分析,从而衡量不同影响因子分级区间对地震滑坡易发性敏感程度。地震滑坡影响因子敏感性分析结果表明,除斜坡曲率因子与距震中距离因子对地震滑坡易发性不敏感外,其他6个影响因子对地震滑坡易发性均很敏感,分别是影响滑坡发生的主要地形、地质和地震因子。针对斜坡曲率因子和距震中距离因子对滑坡的易发性不是很敏感是否受内部其他影响因子限制所进行的分析与讨论结果表明,SW向很可能限制了斜坡曲率对地震滑坡易发性的敏感程度,地层岩性对距震中距离因子限制作用更为明显,除奥陶系、志留系外的地层岩性对距震中距离因子敏感性程度都有限制。文章所得成果具有一定的方法理论意义,对于防震减灾工作也具有一定参考意义。     

ICP-AES法测定土壤样品中铜的不确定度评定

建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定土壤样品中铜的数学模型,分析不确定度产生原因,并对引起的不确定度分量进行量化,最终合成标准不确定度,通过乘以95%概率下的扩展因子2,获得测量结果的扩展不确定度。     

Arsenic enrichment in groundwater in the middle Gangetic Plain of Ghazipur District in Uttar Pradesh,India

Groundwater with high geogenic arsenic (As) is extensively present in the Holocene alluvial aquifers of Ghazipur District in the middle Gangetic Plain, India. A shift in the climatic conditions, weathering of carbonate and silicate minerals, surface water interactions, ion exchange, redox processes, and anthropogenic activities are responsible for high concentrations of cations, anions and As in the groundwater. The spatial and temporal variations for As concentrations were greater in the pre-monsoon (6.4–259.5 μg/L) when compared to the post-monsoon period (5.1–205.5 µg/L). The As enrichment was encountered in the sampling sites that were close to the Ganges River (i.e. south and southeast part of Ghazipur district). The depth profile of As revealed that low concentrations of NO₃⁻ are associated with high concentration of As and that As depleted with increasing depth. The poor relationship between As and Fe indicates the As release into the groundwater, depends on several processes such as mineral weathering, O₂ consumption, and NO₃⁻ reduction and is de-coupled from Fe cycling. Correlation matrix and factor analysis were used to identify various factors influencing the gradual As enrichment in the middle Gangetic Plain. Groundwater is generally supersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite in post-monsoon period, but not in pre-monsoon period. Saturation in both periods is reached for crystalline Fe phases such as goethite, but not with respect to poorly crystalline Fe phases and any As-bearing phase. The results indicate release of arsenic in redox processes in dry period and dilution of arsenic concentration by recharge during monsoon. Increased concentrations of bicarbonate after monsoon are caused by intense flushing of unsaturated zone, where CO₂ is formed by decomposition of organic matter and reactions with carbonate minerals in solid phase. The present study is vital considering the fact that groundwater is an exclusive source of drinking water in the region which not only makes situation alarming but also calls for the immediate attention.     

水流算法对于坡度坡长因子的影响研究

坡度坡长因子是影响土壤侵蚀的主要地形因子。单流向算法和多流向算法得到的坡度坡长因子差异非常大。基于多流向算法的坡长计算得到的坡度坡长因子图,光滑连续,符合坡面漫流原理,比单流向算法得到得坡长计算得到的坡度坡长因子更加合理。     

基于因子分析的广东省短时强降水预报模型及其业务试验

利用每天4次0.125°×0.125°的ECMWF-Interim再分析资料和广东省2009—2018年地面气象站逐时雨量观测的短时强降水数据集,针对广东不同季节、不同地域的短时强降水,以提高命中率同时控制虚警率为目的,提出基于显著性和敏感性评价的物理量优选和因子分析法,用于构建分期、分区的广东短时强降水概率预报模型....     

仿射坐标系下的因子分析—仿射因子分析

传统的因子分析以正交坐标系为其基础坐标系,因而存在某种固有缺陷。文中提出以仿射坐标系为因子分析的基础坐标系,并进而给出了仿射因子分析的方法。新方法不仅消除了原方法所存在的缺陷,同时还实现了样品和变量空间的统一。