Simulation of heat transfer performance using middle-deep coaxial borehole heat exchangers by FEFLOW

Due to its large heat transfer area and stable thermal performance,the middle-deep coaxial borehole heat exchanger (CBHE) has become one of the emerging technologies to extract geothermal energy. In this paper,a numerical modeling on a three-dimensional unsteady heat transfer model of a CBHE was conducted by using software FEFLOW,in which the model simulation was compared with the other studies and was validated with experimental data. On this basis,a further simulation was done in respect of assessing the influencing factors of thermal extraction performance and thermal influence radius of the CBHE. The results show that the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger decreases rapidly at the initial stage,and then tended to be stable; and the thermal influence radius increases with the increase of borehole depth. The heat extraction rate of the borehole increases linearly with the geothermal gradient. Rock heat capacity has limited impact on the heat extraction rate,but has a great influence on the thermal influence radius of the CBHE. When there is groundwater flow in the reservoir,the increase of groundwater velocity will result in the rise of both outlet temperature and heat extraction rate. The heat affected zone extends along with the groundwater flow direction; and its influence radius is increasing along with flow velocity. In addition,the material of the inner pipe has a significant effect on the heat loss in the pipe,so it is recommended that the material with low thermal conductivity should be used if possible.     

Floodplain construction by recent,rapid vertical accretion: Waipaoa River,New Zealand

The rate of vertical accretion (typically 14–18 mm h⁻¹) during eight floods in the Waipaoa River basin, with recurrence intervals of 5 to 60 years, was determined by relating the floodplain stratigraphy at McPhail's bend to the 1948–1995 flood history. Overbank deposits remaining after a flood that occurred in March 1996 suggest a rate of vertical accretion of 15 mm h⁻¹. By contrast, because the flow velocity across the floodplain was too high to permit deposition from suspension, during the record flood of March 1988 the rate of vertical accretion was only 6 mm h⁻¹. The sequence of deposition is highly discontinuous, and the rapid vertical accretion is a response to a late 19th to early 20th century phase of deforestation in the headwaters that probably initiated a far greater change in suspended sediment yield than in discharge. Cross-section surveys conducted since 1948 indicate that the high suspended sediment load of the Waipaoa River also promoted in-channel deposition, which effected a progressive reduction in bankfull channel width although, due to the overbank deposition, channel capacity remained constant. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于防洪库容总量控制的雅砻江下游梯级水库蓄水策略研究

根据长江防御洪水方案对雅砻江梯级水库的防洪库容预留要求,分析了预留防洪库容对梯级电站蓄水发电的影响。结合雅砻江水电开发的特点,提出了梯级水库防洪库容总量控制的解决思路,建立了基于防洪库容总量控制的蓄水期发电量最大模型,计算分析了9种不同来水情景的梯级水库优化蓄水方案,并给出了梯级水库总体优化蓄水策略。对该类问题研究具有一定借鉴意义。     

多年冻土区钻孔灌注桩基础早期热稳定性研究现状与展望

多年冻土区钻孔灌注桩基础施工带来的热扰动削弱了桩基础的早期热稳定性, 降低了桩基承载力。通过早期热稳定性影响因素、 热稳定性对承载力的影响及其改善措施三个方面对钻孔灌注桩基础早期热稳定性的研究现状进行归纳总结。研究表明： 首先, 多年冻土区钻孔灌注桩基础具有热扰动范围大、 回冻时间长的特点, 其中水化热及胶凝材料、 入模温度、 成孔方式作为主动影响因素是热扰动的主要来源, 桩基特征及冻土工程地质条件作为间接因素也对早期热稳定性产生次要影响; 其次, 钻孔灌注桩热扰动显著降低了桩基早期的承载力, 延缓了上部结构施工时间; 在削弱桩基早期热扰动方面, 人工制冷、 热管等措施具有良好的加速回冻效果。基于桩基承载力与冻土地温的密切关系, 未来还需进一步定量评估冲击钻成孔施工方式、 灌注桩施工季节、 群桩设计参数对桩基早期热扰动的影响, 深入认识早期热扰动作用下桩基承载力的变化规律、 设计荷载与冻土蠕变的关系及其对工期的影响, 并研发施工更加便利、 效果更加显著、 适用范围更广的低水化热胶凝材料和钻孔灌注桩控温措施, 有效提高钻孔灌注桩早期的承载力。     

象山港溶解无机氮环境容量研究

综合考虑凫溪、颜公河、郭巨大碶等10个陆源污染物入海口的影响,建立了象山港三维水质模型并对该海域溶解无机氮(Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen,DIN)时空分布进行了数值模拟。结合象山港海域功能区划要求,通过调整各入海口DIN最低排海浓度(Rmin)的取值范围设置了四类情境,基于排海通量最优化法计算了对应情境下象山港DIN的环境容量。结果表明,象山港DIN环境容量随Rmin的增大而减小,其范围介于127.16~274.17 t/a;同时Rmin的增大也导致各入海口DIN排海通量需要削减,按削减优先程度,可将各入海口划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四级,入海口所处海域水体半交换时间越长、DIN年排海通量越大,相应的削减优先程度越高。     

海上风机吸力基础的水平受荷研究综述

吸力基础具有施工速度快、安装过程中受海况天气影响小且易于回收重复利用等优点,被广泛应用于海洋工程。当吸力基础作为海上风电塔架的基础时,常常承受较大的水平荷载,因此其水平承载力是设计的主控因素。介绍了海上风机基础的设计要求,分析了影响基础水平承载性状的因素,总结了吸力基础受水平单调荷载、水平循环荷载和不同荷载组合三个方面的研究现状。讨论了水平荷载的大小、水平加载的高度(偏心率)、循环荷载的频率、循环荷载的次数、循环荷载的幅值、循环荷载的方向性、竖向荷载对吸力基础水平承载性状的影响,考虑了水平荷载的非共线性,指出了目前研究的不足,明确了吸力基础水平承载性状进一步研究的方向,提出了供工程实践参考的建议。     

Model tests on open-ended concrete pipe piles jacked in sand

Abstract

An experimental study of the performance of concrete pipe piles during installation under different penetration speeds and static load tests on the piles in sand is presented. The applied jacking force, the amount of pile penetration, length of soil plug formed and ultimate bearing capacity were measured during the model tests. The results showed that the concrete pipe piles were partially plugged and the behavior of the soil plug was significantly affected by the penetration speed. The lower the penetration speed, the larger the soil plug formed which in turn leads to a greater ultimate bearing capacity. The size of soil plug can be evaluated by the m value defined as the ratio of the volume of the soil plug to that of the penetrated pile wall. The relationship between the m value and the penetration speeds can be used to estimate the amount of soil plug and the depth of penetration for an open-ended concrete pipe pile jacked into sand.     

无人机摄影测量技术应用于垃圾填埋场形变监测及库容储量分析

快速监测垃圾填埋场固体物质的体积空间变化及准确评估有效库容,可为城市管理者科学决策和合理安排社会资源提供重要依据。无人机摄影测量技术具有机动灵活、数据获取快捷且精度高等优点,在众多领域都有较为广泛的应用。本文以成都市长安垃圾填埋场为例,利用低空无人机摄影测量技术获取填埋库区连续一年的影像数据,并对多期模型数据进行差分处理,分析填埋库区各区域的体积变化量及形变特征;建立库容储量预测模型,研究库容量的变化值与入场物质量的关系,对填埋库区的实际可容纳入场固体物质量进行预测。     

基于国际公路运输链的“一带一路”区域公路通达性分析

国际公路运输作为“一带一路”倡议之互联互通的重要部分,是沿线国家经贸往来的重要载体。本文基于国际公路运输链的角度,结合行车时间和通关耗时,从公路通行能力和通行便捷性两方面分析“一带一路”区域公路通达性。研究表明：① “一带一路”区域公路通行能力分布状况存在不平衡现象,中东欧、中国、印度形成“三极”,通行能力明显高于其他区域,中亚、西亚、东北亚等地区由于公路覆盖率低、缺少高等级公路成为通行能力薄弱区域。② 受累积空间距离、跨境通关时间、公路网的完善程度以及政治局势等因素影响,“一带一路”区域通行便捷性在空间分布上大致呈现“中东欧-中国”双峰结构;区域之间乃至区域内部国家间通行便捷性差异显著,从高通行便捷性到低通行便捷性,通达时间由公路行车时间主导过渡到通关累积时间主导,国家间的通关障碍在很大程度上降低了“一带一路”区域公路运输整体通达性水平。     

粤港澳大湾区城市群自然灾害综合承灾能力评价

随着全球气候变化,城市自然灾害日益频繁,城市综合承灾能力越来越受到关注。基于城市人口、社会、经济、环境、交通等承灾体特征,建立粤港澳大湾区城市群自然灾害综合承灾能力评价指标体系;基于客观赋权的信息熵法,建立城市综合承灾能力定量分析评价模型;在此基础上,计算得到粤港澳大湾区城市综合承灾能力指数,分析各城市自然灾害综合承灾能力水平和影响因素。结果表明：粤港澳大湾区城市综合承灾能力指数变化范围为0.1886~0.6615,广州和深圳相对较高,肇庆和惠州相对较低,各城市自然灾害的承灾能力和影响因素存在显著差异,造成大湾区城市群整体承灾能力的短板效应,需要进一步加强城市综合承灾能力建设,从整体上提升大湾区城市综合承灾能力水平。