新疆库鲁克塔格青白口系北塞纳尔塔格组流纹岩的成因及其地质意义

运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得库鲁塔格西山口地区北塞纳尔塔格组蚀变流纹岩的形成时代为841.0±1.4Ma（MSWD=0.42）, 蚀变流纹岩的发现指示塔里木北缘新元古代中期除发育大量的侵入岩外还存在火山活动。地球化学特征分析表明, 岩石富集Rb、 Ba、 K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素, 明显亏损Nb、 Ta、 P、 Ti等高场强元素。此外岩石富集Sr、 强烈亏损Y和Yb, 高的Sr/Y（>40）和（La/Yb）_N（>40）比值的特征与埃达克岩类似。蚀变流纹岩Hf同位素值ε_Hf（t）=-29～-9, Hf的二阶段模式年龄T_DM²=3.43～2.24Ga, 结合岩石较低的Mg^#、 Eu正异常以及强烈亏损重稀土元素的特征表明,其可能源于加厚古老基性下地壳的部分熔融。此外蚀变流纹岩低的锆石饱和温度T_Zr=761℃～768℃,表明源区发生部分熔融时存在外来流体的加入。结合已有区域地质资料, 初步认为蚀变流纹岩形成与塔里木北缘新元古代早、 中期洋—陆俯冲碰撞作用有关。     

新疆西准噶尔发现早泥盆世埃达克岩:大地构造及成矿意义

新疆西准噶尔博什库尔-成吉斯(Boshchekul-Chingiz)岩浆弧南缘,额敏县东南约100km的阿克乔克含铜花岗闪长岩和花岗闪长斑岩,其锆石U-Pb年龄为410.5±2.9Ma,形成于泥盆世早期.岩石具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征,表现为高钾钙碱性-钙碱性,SiO2含量在61％～66％之间,具高Al(Al2O3=15.67％ ～ 16.87％)、Sr(475×10-6 ～ 879×10-6)及高Sr/Y比值(36 ～77),低Y(9.87×10-6～14.46×10-6)、Yb(0.96×10-6～ 1.49×10-6),富钠贫钾(Na2O =4.25％ ～5.58％,K2O=2.26％ ～3.27％,Na2O/K2O=1.40～ 2.47),MgO=1.51％ ～2.58％,Mg#=41～48,并显示富集强不相容元素(Ba、Rb、Sr、Th、U)和LREE,(La/Yb)N=6.0～10.2,强烈亏损高场强元素(Nb-Ta、Ti),Y/Yb=10,无Eu异常(Eu/Eu*≈1.0)和HREE呈平坦型的配分特点,以及与环太平洋新生代埃达克岩相当的Rb/Sr(0.04 ～0.07)和La/Ce(0.42 ～0.51)比值,但偏低的Nb/U比值可能与俯冲沉积物加入有关.阿克乔克花岗闪长岩及花岗闪长斑岩是早泥盆世早期库吉拜-和布克赛尔(Kujibai-Hebukesaier)及洪古勒楞蛇绿岩带所代表的古大洋向南俯冲的玄武质洋壳部分熔融的产物,源区残留相主要为角闪石+辉石+石榴石,源岩应为石榴角闪岩;阿克乔克早泥盆世埃达克岩及谢米斯台-赛尔山晚志留世-早泥盆世A-型花岗岩(422～405 Ma,Chen et al.,2010)构造岩浆岩带可东延至扎河坝-阿尔曼太蛇绿岩带之北的岛弧带,构成一条贯穿东、西准噶尔北部的巨型构造带;阿克乔克埃达克岩伴有斑岩型Cu成矿作用,因此,在东、西准噶尔博什库尔-成吉斯-达拉特-巴依塔格巨型岩浆弧带有可能存在与埃达克岩有关的Cu-Au矿带.     

Petrogenesis of Cretaceous adakitic and shoshonitic igneous rocks in the Luzong area, Anhui Province (eastern China): Implications for geodynamics and Cu–Au mineralization

Both adakitic and shoshonitic igneous rocks in the Luzong area, Anhui Province, eastern China are associated with Cretaceous Cu–Au mineralization. The Shaxi quartz diorite porphyrites exhibit adakite-like geochemical features, such as light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment, heavy REE (HREE) depletion, high Al₂O₃, MgO, Sr, Sr / Y and La / Yb values, and low Y and Yb contents. They have low ε_Nd(t) values (− 3.46 to − 6.28) and high (⁸⁷Sr / ⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios (0.7051–0.7057). Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon analyses indicate a crystallization age of 136 ± 3 Ma for the adakitic rocks. Most volcanic rocks and the majority of monzonites and syenites in the Luzong area are K-rich (or shoshonitic) and were also produced during the Cretaceous (140–125 Ma). They are enriched in LREE and large-ion lithophile elements, and depleted in Ti, and Nb and Ba and exhibit relatively lower ε_Nd(t) values ranging from − 4.65 to − 7.03 and relatively higher (⁸⁷Sr / ⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios varying between 0.7057 and 0.7062. The shoshonitic and adakitic rocks in the Luzong area have similar Pb isotopic compositions (²⁰⁶Pb / ²⁰⁴Pb = 17.90–18.83, ²⁰⁷Pb / ²⁰⁴Pb = 15.45–15.62 and ²⁰⁸Pb / ²⁰⁴Pb = 38.07–38.80). Geological data from the Luzong area suggest that the Cretaceous igneous rocks are distributed along NE fault zones (e.g., Tanlu and Yangtze River fault zones) in eastern China and were likely formed in an extensional setting within the Yangtze Block. The Shaxi adakitic rocks were probably derived by the partial melting of delaminated lower crust at pressures equivalent to crustal thickness of > 50 km (i.e., 1.5 GPa), possibly leaving rutile-bearing eclogitic residue. The shoshonitic magmas, in contrast, originated mainly from an enriched mantle metasomatized by subducted oceanic sediments. They underwent early high-pressure (> 1.5 GPa) fractional crystallization at the boundary between thickened (> 50 km) lower crust and lithospheric mantle and late low-pressure (< 1.5 GPa) fractional crystallization in the shallow (< 50 km) crust. The adakitic and shoshonitic rocks appear to be linked to an intra-continental extensional setting where partial melting of enriched mantle and delaminated lower crust was probably controlled by lithospheric thinning and upwelling of hot asthenosphere along NE fault zones (e.g., Tanlu and Yangtze River fault zones) in eastern China. Both the shoshonitic and adakitic magmas were fertile with respect to Cu–Au mineralization.     

新疆北部的两类埃达克岩

新疆北部有两类埃达克岩，一是俯冲型，形成于早、中泥盆世-早石炭世晚期（≥320Ma），包括了埃达克岩、富Nb玄武岩、高（富）Mg安山岩。第二类埃达克岩是底侵型，形成于中晚二叠世（≤280Ma）。第一类埃达克岩分布于西天山的阿拉套山、博罗科努山，中天山的骆驼沟和巴仑台，东天山的土屋-延东，阿尔泰山陆缘南富蕴-青河南，准噶尔盆地中部陆梁，克拉玛依等地。在阿尔泰陆缘南，苦橄岩与埃达克岩、富Nb玄武岩和高（富）Mg安山岩密切组合。第二类埃达克岩分布于西天山的阿吾拉勒山和东天山的三岔口，未发现富Nb玄武岩和高（富）Mg安山岩组合。俯冲型埃达克岩、富Nb玄武岩和高（富）Mg安山岩的高Sr低Y、Yb、富Eu及高εNd（t）（＋1．5～＋10．0），低（^87Sr／^86Sr）；（〈0．7070）的同位素组成，均一致表明其源区物质为洋壳板片，部分为地幔楔、弧前棱柱，产于岛弧环境；而底侵型埃达克岩源于底侵的幔源玄武质物质，形成于后造山环境。两类埃达克岩及其组合岩石的地质及地球化学特点，展示了中亚型造山在本区晚古生代陆壳增生作用的多样性：在增生构造过程上，有洋壳板片的斜俯冲、俯冲板片的撕裂、板片窗、俯冲剥蚀及玄武质物质的底侵作用等；在增生方向上，有洋壳板片的侧向斜俯冲，也有玄武质物质垂向上底侵于壳-幔边界；在增生物质上，有洋壳板片、地幔楔、受地幔楔混染的洋壳板片熔体，弧前棱柱、地幔楔受板片熔体交代后形成熔体及底侵的幔源玄武质物质。与两类埃达克岩有关，尤其是第一类埃达克岩及其组合岩石，在本区广泛发育了Cu、Au成矿作用，其中部分达到大型-超大型规模。因此．对埃达克岩及其组合岩石的识别及相关Cu、Au成矿作用的找矿勘探应予以足够重视。     

洋脊和年轻洋壳俯冲与埃达克岩生成的热模拟

新生代以来 ,环太平洋周边分布的埃达克岩 (Adakite)主要与年轻洋壳俯冲时在 70～ 90km深处的部分熔融有关。利用数值方法 ,模拟了洋壳俯冲的热演化过程并讨论了脱水、熔融对埃达克岩浆活动的影响。结果表明 :仅在活动海岭俯冲前后约 10Ma内 ,年轻的、热的俯冲海洋板片在 75～85km深度范围内 ,温度升高至 82 5～ 10 0 0℃脱水 ,导致年轻洋壳中角闪岩部分熔融 ,形成埃达克岩(Adakite)。而一般洋壳俯冲在 10 0km以下深度才脱水 ,由于脱水区压力较高洋壳自身不能熔融 ,水进入上覆地幔楔状体导致部分熔融 ,形成安山岩 (Andesite     

胶东前垂柳金矿区花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学特征及其地质意义

前垂柳金矿为胶东胶莱盆地东北缘地区新发现的金矿床,推断其金资源量为13.5 t,金矿体主要赋存于厚大的构造-蚀变带内。主控矿构造-蚀变带上盘岩石为牧牛山岩体二长花岗岩和荆山群地层,下盘岩石为鹊山岩体糜棱岩化二长花岗岩。构造-蚀变带上下两种花岗岩在变质程度、矿物组合方面存在明显差异,为深入研究两类花岗岩的成因类型及其与金成矿的关系,选取岩心中的两类花岗岩作为研究对象,进行了详细的锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学、锆石Hf同位素研究。牧牛山岩体二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(1 844.1±4.4) Ma,说明其形成于古元古代造山纪;二长花岗岩具有高的SiO₂、Y、Yb含量,较低的MgO、Sr含量和Sr/Y比值,同时具有明显Eu负异常(δEu=0.30~0.48),表现为钙碱性、强过铝质板内花岗岩特征;锆石ε_Hf(t)大部分为负值(变化范围-9.5~3.0),但两颗锆石ε_Hf(t)为正值(0.2和3.0),对应的两阶段Hf模式年龄介于2 492~3 083 Ma之间,指示二长花岗岩是由古老的加厚下地壳熔融形成。鹊山岩体糜棱岩化二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(154.6±1.5) Ma,表明其侵位时代为晚侏罗世,与区域上著名的玲珑岩体、昆嵛山岩体属同期产物。糜棱岩化二长花岗岩全岩地球化学分析显示其具有较高的SiO₂含量,高Sr含量和Sr/Y比值,低MgO、Y和Yb值,以及显著的Eu正异常(δEu=1.61~2.20),属高钾钙碱性、过铝质花岗岩,其地球化学特征与典型的埃达克岩特征类似,具有活动大陆边缘火成岩特点;锆石ε_Hf(t)均为负值(变化范围为-26.6~-14.1),对应的两阶段Hf模式年龄介于2 681~3 860 Ma之间,表明花岗岩可能由古老的多期次加厚下地壳熔融形成,与太平洋板块俯冲导致地壳增厚和地壳重熔有关。上述研究表明两种花岗岩在成岩时代、岩石地球化学特征、构造背景等方面存在显著差异,牧牛山岩体不是鹊山岩体的组成部分。两种花岗岩与主控矿构造空间上关系密切,但时间上与金成矿时间相距较远,因此两种花岗岩与金成矿没有直接成因关系。控矿构造三层结构与鹊山变质核杂岩地质特征一致;前垂柳金矿的发现表明鹊山变质核杂岩周边广泛分布的韧性剪切带和低角度主拆离断层是该区金矿勘查的理想部位,该区找矿潜力十分巨大。     

Triassic Nb-enriched basalts, magnesian andesites, and adakites of the Qiangtang terrane (Central Tibet): evidence for metasomatism by slab-derived melts in the mantle wedge

New chronological, geochemical, and isotopic data are reported for Triassic (219–236 Ma) adakite-magnesian andesite-Nb-enriched basaltic rock associations from the Tuotuohe area, central Qiangtang terrane. The adakites and magnesian andesites are characterized by high Sr/Y (25–45), La/Yb (14–42) and Na₂O/K₂O (12–49) ratios, high Al₂O₃ (15.34–18.28 wt%) and moderate to high Sr concentrations (220–498 ppm) and ε_ND (t) (+0.86 to +1.21) values. Low enrichments of Th, Rb relative to Nb, and subequal normalized Nb and La contents, and enrichments of light rare earth elements combine to distinguish a group of Nb-enriched basaltic rocks (NEBs). They have positive ε_ND (t) (+2.57 to +5.16) values. Positive correlations between Th, La and Nb and an absence of negative Nb anomalies on mantle normalized plots indicate the NEBs are products of a mantle source metasomatized by a slab melt rather than by hydrous fluids. A continuous compositional variation between adakites and magnesian andesites confirms slab melt interaction with mantle peridotite. The spatial association of the NEBs with adakites and magnesian andesites define an “adakitic metasomatic volcanic series” recognized in many demonstrably subduction-related environments (e.g., Mindanao arc, Philippines; Kamchatka arc, Russia; and southern Baja California arc, Mexico). The age of the Touhuohe suite, and its correlation with Triassic NEB to the north indicates that volcanism derived from subduction-modified mantle was abundant prior to 220 Ma in the central Qiangtang terrane.     

柴北缘苦水泉金矿英云闪长岩和细粒闪长岩年代学、地球化学和Hf同位素及地质意义

苦水泉金矿床位于柴北缘构造带中段,是近年来新发现的金矿床。该矿床具有造山型金矿的特征,矿体沿断裂构造分布在英云闪长岩中,空间上与细粒闪长岩脉密切相关。本文对苦水泉金矿中的英云闪长岩和细粒闪长岩进行了地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素研究。全岩地球化学分析显示,英云闪长岩具有富钠贫钾(Na₂O/K₂O=6.24～13.09)、高Sr低Y(Sr/Y=205～335)的埃达克岩的特征,与锡铁山榴辉岩中的埃达克质浅色脉体十分相似;细粒闪长岩富铝、钙、铁,贫镁,富集轻稀土(LREEs)和大离子亲石元素(LILEs),贫高场强元素(HFSEs),Ni、Co含量低,为典型的大陆下地壳来源的岩石。锆石U-Pb定年显示,英云闪长岩和细粒闪长岩分别形成于429.9±2.5Ma和428.0 ± 1.9Ma,Hf同位素分析显示英云闪长岩锆石ε_Hf(t)值为+9.8～+11.9,二阶段模式年龄(t_DM2)为613～747Ma,细粒闪长岩锆石ε_Hf(t)值为-31.4～-9.9,二阶段模式年龄(t     

Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Chinese South Tianshan Orogen: constraints from SHRIMP zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry of basaltic and dioritic rocks from Xiate,NW China

Traditionally the Chinese South Tianshan has been regarded as a late Paleozoic orogenic belt. However, little is known about the early Paleozoic tectonic architecture of the region. This paper presents the first evidence of Cambrian–Ordovician MORB-type basalts and adakitic diorites on the southern margin of the Yili plate in China. Basalts from Xiate in southwestern Tianshan show a typical transitional (T-) MORB and ferrobasalt composition, which indicate a formation at a propagating spreading ridge. The basalts give a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U crystallization age of 516.3 ± 7.4 Ma by SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating and have experienced contact metamorphism due to the intrusion of a dioritic pluton. The dioritic pluton has a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U crystallization age of 470 ± 12 Ma and geochemical characteristics resembling that of adakitic rocks. The pluton is considered to have been formed by partial melting of garnet amphibolites from thickened lower crust in arc or continental collision settings. The basalts and diorites are considered to outline the eastern extension of the early Paleozoic suture zone, the Nikolaev Line, which stretches east–west for hundreds of kilometers between the Northern Tianshan and Central Tianshan terranes of Kyrgyzstan. Our findings substantiate that the Yili and Central Tianshan plates were separated by the early Paleozoic Terskey ocean. The Terskey ocean probably closed during the early stage of the late Ordovician (Lomize et al. in Geotectonics 31(6):463–482, 1997), resulting in the final amalgamation of the Yili and Central Tianshan plates. Consequently, an early Paleozoic suture zone is documented in the Chinese Tianshan region, which is most likely represented by the North Nalati fault.     

延吉地区古新世埃达克岩成因的岩浆混合证据

本文通过年代学、矿物学、主量元素、微量元素和同位素的研究,指出延吉地区古新世富镁埃达克岩起源于被俯冲板片熔体交代的地幔楔。单斜辉石和角闪石斑晶所显示的反环带结构为幔源富镁埃达克熔体于壳源中酸性岩浆混合的结果,而非前人普遍认为的熔体—地幔的反应产物;其地球化学特征表现出的岩浆演化趋势可以很好地用地壳混染/AFC过程来解释。延吉古新世埃达克岩形成于俯冲后岩石圈伸展作用背景,与太平洋板块的俯冲后撤作用有关。因此,我们认为富镁埃达克岩的形成不必强调同期洋脊的俯冲作用,只要早先或同时有俯冲板片熔体交代,在合适的p-t条件下交代地幔并发生熔融作用,就能形成这一类岩石。