SVD Iteration Model and Its Use in Prediction of Summer Precipitation

A new short-term climatic prediction model based on the singular value decomposition （SVD） iteration was designed with solid mathematics and strict logical reasoning. Taking predictors into prediction model, using iteration computation, and substituting the last results into the next computation, we can acquire better results with improved precision. Precipitation prediction experiments were separately done for 16 stations in North China and 30 stations in the mid-lower catchment of the Yangtze River during 1991-2000. Their average mean square errors are 0.352 and 0.312, and the results are very stable. Mean square errors of 9 yr are less than 0.5 while only that of 1 yr is more than 0.5. The mean sign correlation coefficients between forecast and observed summer precipitation during 1991-2000 are 0.575 in North China and 0.623 in the mid-lower catchment of the Yangtze River. Librations of them in North China during the 10 years are small. Only in 1996 the sign correlation coefficient is below 0.5; the others are all over 0.5. But sign correlation coefficients in the mid-lower catchment of the Yangtze River vary obviously. The lowest is only 0.3 in 1992, and the highest is 0.9 in 1998, As the distribution of the forecast precipitation anomaly field in the summer 1998 of is examined, it is known that the model captured the positive and negative anomalyies of precipitation, and also well forecasted the anomaly distributions. But the errors are obvious in quantities between the forecast and the observed precipitation anomalies. Climate characteristics of large scale meteorological elements, such as summer precipitation have obvious differences in spatial distribution. We can forecast better if we divide a big region into many subregions according to the discrepancy of climatic characteristics in the region, and predict in each subregion. The research shows that the model of SVD iteration is a very effective forecast model and has a strongly applicable value.     

云南巍山五里巷一茶雷村金矿地质及找矿方向

金矿赋存于挤压——滑脱构造破碎带中。成矿受构造、地层（岩性）、地球化学条件和围岩蚀变等条件控制。该区具有较大的找金潜力。     

Use of regionalized stormflow coefficients with a view to hydroclimatological hazard mapping

Abstract

An attempt was made to compensate for the lack of long hydrological time series and the lack of information on maximum streamflow in the Alzette River basin (Luxembourg) via the regionalization of stormflow coefficients. Streamflow data recorded since 1995 with a very dense streamgauge network allowed the determination of maximum stormflow coefficients in 18 sub-basins of the Alzette. The stormflow coefficients were then regionalized via stepwise multiple regression analysis for 83 different sub-basins of the Alzette. Combined with 10-year daily rainfall heights (statistical estimation), this regionalization allowed the spatial variability of storm runoff in the Alzette basin to be mapped, thus providing a view of hazard and risk-producing areas, as well as of risk-exposed areas. In a basin with little historical hydrological information this technique can help identify areas where storm runoff reducing measures should be applied from the outset.     

Activity of water during granulite metamorphism around Anakapalle,Vishakhapatnam District,A.P.

A refined mathematical equation is proposed to quantify the ambient activity of water during granulite fades metamorphism. The thermodynamic calculations point to the low activity of water during metamorphism in the area around Anakapalle, Vishakhapatnam district, A.P. Carbonic metamorphism seems to be responsible for the low activity of water during this metamorphism. Calc-silicate rocks in the area, could have been the source of the CO₂.     

Asymptotic eigenfrequencies of the Earth's normal modes

We derive asymptotic formulae for the toroidal and spheroidal eigenfrequencies of a SNREI earth model with two discontinuities, by considering the constructive interference of propagating SH and P-SV body waves. For a model with a smooth solid inner core, fluid outer core and mantle, there are four SH and 10 P-SV ray parameters regimes, each of which must be examined separately. The asymptotic eigenfrequency equations in each of these regimes depend only on the intercept times of the propagating wave types and the reflection and transmission coefficients of the waves at the free surface and the two discontinuities. If the classical geometrical plane-wave reflection and transmission coefficients are used, the final eigenfrequency equations are all real. In general, the asymptotic eigenfrequencies agree extremely well with the exact numerical eigenfrequencies; to illustrate this, we present comparisons for a crustless version of earth model 1066A.     

MORPHOLOGIC EQUATIONS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF MAXIMUM ENTROPY

ＭＯＲＰＨＯＬＯＧＩＣＥＱＵＡＴＩＯＮＳＢＡＳＥＤＯＮＴＨＥＰＲＩＮＣＩＰＬＥＯＦＭＡＸＩＭＵＭＥＮＴＲＯＰＹＤＥＮＧＺｈｉｑｉａｎｇ；ＺＨＡＮＧＫａｉｑｕａｎＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｔｈｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｏｆｍａｘｉｍｕｍｅｎｔｒｏｐｙｉｓｕｓｅｄｔｏ...     

上海城市游憩者流动行为研究

由参与游憩活动的本地居民和外来游客共同构成城市游憩者。城市游憩者在空间上的流动规律将影响城市游憩设施和旅游资源的开发管理。通过旅行测定手段获得基本数据，运用游憩活动空间和使用曲线分析技术，研究上海城市游憩者的流动规律。     

矿物—熔体间元素分配系数资料及主要变化规律

本文提供了不同成分的8大类主岩(偏铝质(超)基性岩、过碱性(超)基性岩、偏铝质中性岩、过碱性中性岩、偏铝质酸性岩、过碱性酸性岩、过铝质酸性岩、超酸性岩)中28个矿物(橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石、角闪石、黑云母、金云母、斜长石、钾长石、石英、磁铁矿、钛铁矿、石榴石、锆石、磷灰石、绿帘石、黄玉、榍石、堇青石、蓝方石、石榴石、霞石、白磷钙矿、镁铁钛矿、板钛矿、黄长石、钙钛矿、尖晶石、金红石)的69个化学元素(Li、Rb、Cs、K、Na、Ca、Sr、Ba、Mn、Fe、Mg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、Be、La、Ce、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y、Sc、Cr、In、Ga、Al、B、Cd、Sb、Bi、U、Th、Zr、Hf、Si、Ti、Ge、Sn、Mo、Nb、Ta、W、V、P、F、Cl、S、N、O、C、As、Pu、Re、Os、He、Ne、Ar、Xe、Kr)和1个化学一价原子团OH的分配系数。综合分析对比表明,矿物、熔体的成分和结构是分配系数的最重要的控制因素。对前人未讨论过的矿物结构和熔体铝过饱和度这两个因素应引起重视。最后,本文分析了矿物-熔体间元素分配系数的研究现状、存在问题,指出了这一领域今后的研究方向。     

Complex Site Effects in Thessaloniki (Greece): II. 2D SH Modelling and Engineering Insights

This paper presents results of numerical modelling of site response for Thessaloniki, obtained with two different 2D methods; a finite difference and a finite element method. Ground motion across a 2D model of the subsoil of the city has been simulated for vertically incident SH waves. The predominance of locally generated surface waves is very clear in the synthetic seismograms of a weak event and of stronger ones. These results are then compared with the observations in time domain and frequency domain. The role of the soil formations with high attenuation in the lateral propagation and the effect of the differential motion close to the lateral variations are also pinpointed. The stronger events were finally used to compute strong ground motion in order to reveal and to discuss practical engineering aspects such as peak ground acceleration value, the most familiar indicator in seismic norms, the soil to rock spectral coefficients for the period bandwidth of interest, and the aggravation factor in terms of 2D to 1D response spectra as a useful ruler to account for complex site effects.