基于波形相关性的地震事件分类

讨论了地震波形相似性的定量描述手段,计算了长白山及附近地区2004年发生的20个较小地震事件的地震波形相关系数,探讨了波形相关性与震源类型的关系。     

金沙江流域泥石流的组合赋权法危险度评价

针对目前地质灾害危险性评价中对指标权重确定方法的缺陷,使用改进的层次分析法和熵值法确定金沙江流域泥石流的各影响因素权重。在此基础上,提出一种新的组合赋权规则,使两类权重间的差异程度和分配系数间的差异程度相一致,从而排除人为因素及数据奇异点的影响,得到相对客观准确的结果。以金沙江的典型泥石流作为计算实例,对现场数据进行了提取之后,使用上述方法计算出影响因子的权重,将权重代入经典的危险性分析模型进行评估。计算结果与当地泥石流的实际情况和发展趋势相符合,从而证明了该方法的合理性。     

双重孔隙介质中P1波在自由边界上的反射

对双重孔隙介质波动中的体波及P1波在半空间自由透水和不透水边界上的反射问题进行了详细的理论求解。通过数值计算,对双重孔隙介质中4种体波的弥散和衰减特性,以及不同边界上反射波振幅反射系数随P1波入射角和频率的变化进行了分析。结果表明：（1）P1、P2、P3和S波均具有弥散和衰减特性,P1波传播最快而衰减最慢,P3波传播最慢而衰减最快;（2）随着入射角的增大,反射P2、P3和S波的振幅反射系数均先增大后减小,反射P1波则先减小后增大,且边界透水条件对反射P2和P3波的振幅反射系数影响显著,对P1和S波的影响较小,但透水和不透水边界下振幅反射系数随入射角的变化趋势一致;（3）反射P2、P3波的振幅反射系数均随频率的增大而增大,且不透水边界下反射P2波的振幅反射系数大于透水边界下的反射系数,而反射P3波则相反;（4）随着频率增大,透水边界下反射P1波的振幅反射系数先增大后减小,不透水边界下先减小后增大再减小,反射S波的振幅反射系数随频率变化情况则与P1波相反。     

盐渍土化学潜蚀溶陷过程阶段化模型分析

将盐渍土化学潜蚀溶陷变形过程划分为3状态2阶段进行分析,并根据阶段变化规律总结出不同状态时土体物理指标间的相互关系.通过该关系分析出盐渍土溶陷发生的关键阶段,并推导了盐渍土溶陷系数与溶陷前后土体物理指标间的数量关系.分析并验证了土体的孔隙比、含盐率以及土体的结构组成形式都是影响盐渍土潜蚀溶陷变形的重要因素.     

笼养条件下秃鹫繁殖期的行为日节律及时间分配的观察研究

2012年3～5月,采用直接瞬时扫描法和间接监控器摄像相结合的方式,对北京市野生动物救护中心顺义饲养繁育基地的一对秃鹫的繁殖行为的时间分配和活动规律进行了研究,结果显示:秃鹫在警戒、理羽、吃食、交配、孵化等行为存在着明显的节律性,警戒、理羽行为在行为比例中较高,警戒行为占绝对优势。取食行为多发生在上午的中间阶段,孵化行为不间断、并且轮流孵化幼鸟。孵化期内雌、雄个体的行为差异不大,秃鹫发情期各种行为所占的比例存在着一定的性别差异。     

A hierarchical spatiotemporal adaptive fusion model using one image pair

ABSTRACT

Image fusion techniques that blend multi-sensor characteristics to generate synthetic data with fine resolutions have generated great interest within the remote sensing community. Over the past decade, although many advances have been made in the spatiotemporal fusion models, there still remain several shortcomings in existing methods. In this article, a hierarchical spatiotemporal adaptive fusion model (HSTAFM) is proposed for producing daily synthetic fine-resolution fusions. The suggested model uses only one prior or posterior image pair, especially with the aim being to predict arbitrary temporal changes. The proposed model is implemented in two stages. First, the coarse-resolution image is enhanced through super-resolution based on sparse representation; second, a pre-selection of temporal change is performed. It then adopts a two-level strategy to select similar pixels, and blends multi-sensor features adaptively to generate the final synthetic data. The results of tests using both simulated and actual observed data show that the model can accurately capture both seasonal phenology change and land-cover-type change. Comparisons between HSTAFM and other developed models also demonstrate our proposed model produces consistently lower biases.     

基于有理多项式系数模型的物方面元最小二乘匹配

针对物方面元最小二乘匹配仅适用于单中心投影框幅式成像的匹配制作区域DSM问题,提出基于有理多项式系数（RPC）模型的物方面元最小二乘匹配算法,结合匹配窗口区域内多中心平行投影方式,构建RPC模型下的投影方程,将物方面元最小二乘匹配算法从适用于单中心投影框幅式成像扩展到适用于多中心投影推扫式成像的立体匹配,并用SPOT5-HRG、GeoEye、IKONOS立体影像进行试验验证。试验表明,RPC模型能用于物方面元最小二乘匹配且不损失匹配精度,增加了物方面元最小二乘匹配的应用范围和价值。     

Pyrite–anhydrite–magnetite–pyroxene-type deposits and coexisting hydrothermal fluids in Mesozoic volcanic basins, Yangtze River Valley, China

Anhydrite–pyrite–magnetite–pyroxene–type deposits occur in the Mesozoic volcanic areas of the Middle–Lower Yangtze Valley in China. These deposits are hosted in alkaline basaltic rocks, and are generally accompanied by melanocratic and leucocratic alteration zones, both of which are characterized by a distinct vertical zonation pattern. Investigation of these zones indicates that the chemical compositions of solid solutions and polymorphs of various minerals vary spatially in the alteration profile, upwards from the lowest level, and outwards from the center.Here we report a case study on the Luohe deposit. In the melanocratic-alteration zone, the composition of magnetite (including trace elements Ti, V, Mg, Mn), pyroxene (Mg, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Al₂O₃), plagioclase (An_xAb_{1 − x}), pyrite (Co, Ni) and apatite (F, CeO₂ + Y₂O₃ + La₂O₃) changes with depth. The isotherms of hydrothermal fluids determined from fluid inclusion data, including homogenization temperature and salinity, also vary with depth.Activity diagrams were constructed from mineral and isotherm analysis to estimate the chemical constraints on the alteration-mineral assemblages and the coexisting hydrothermal solutions for the Na₂O–K₂O–CaO–MgO–FeO–Fe₂O₃–A1₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂SO₄–H₂S–HCI–H₂O system at 350 to 600 °C and 500 bars (50 MPa), assuming that the major alteration mineral assemblages along the profile reflect the nature of the coexisting hydrothermal solutions. The activity diagrams adopted the major minerals as buffers to fix the activities of the aqueous species in the system, simulating the physicochemical conditions of the magnetite–anhydrite–pyroxene equilibrium and of solid solutions of diopside–hedenbergite, grossular–andradite and anorthite–albite found in the profile.This study provides an approach to modeling the chemical constraints of coexisting fluids in ore-alteration zones based on field observations.     

地球化学块体理论在青海沱沱河地区铅锌资源潜力预测中的应用

以地球化学块体理论为基础的方法和技术确定了沱沱河铅锌地球化学块体的下限和含量级次,对沱沱河地区铅锌元素的地球化学块体进行了划分,总结了地球化学块体在空间上的分布规律,通过研究地球化学块体内部结构,追踪大型至特大型矿床可能存在的地点。根据已知地区的矿产探明储量与地球化学块体的关系,计算了该地区成矿率,预测了区内铅锌矿资源潜力,同时指出在块体内还存在巨大的寻找铅锌矿产资源的潜力。     

土地利用变化对延安市生态服务价值的影响

利用延安市2001-2007年土地利用基础数据,计算土地利用动态度,并在Costanza生态系统服务价值理论基础上,结合谢高地等的中国生态系统生态服务价值当量因子表,计算出延安不同生态系统单位面积生态服务价值。并依此尝试计算延安市2001年至2007年延安市生态系统服务价值量。研究发现,2007延安市的生态系统服务价值将达到424.28亿元,比2001年增加28.79亿元,增长率为7.28%;各种土地利用方式的生态系统服务价值的敏感性指数(CS)均小于1,表明其对生态系统的价值变化是缺乏弹性的。