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111.
Reliable quantification of savanna vegetation structure is critical for accurate carbon accounting and biodiversity assessment under changing climate and land-use conditions. Inventories of fine-scale vegetation structural attributes are typically conducted from field-based plots or transects, while large-area monitoring relies on a combination of airborne and satellite remote sensing. Both of these approaches have their strengths and limitations, but terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has emerged as the benchmark for vegetation structural parameterization – recording and quantifying 3D structural detail that is not possible from manual field-based or airborne/spaceborne methods. However, traditional TLS approaches suffer from similar spatial constraints as field-based inventories. Given their small areal coverage, standard TLS plots may fail to capture the heterogeneity of landscapes in which they are embedded. Here we test the potential of long-range (>2000 m) terrestrial laser scanning (LR-TLS) to provide rapid and robust assessment of savanna vegetation 3D structure at hillslope scales. We used LR-TLS to sample entire savanna hillslopes from topographic vantage points and collected coincident plot-scale (1 ha) TLS scans at increasing distances from the LR-TLS station. We merged multiple TLS scans at the plot scale to provide the reference structure, and evaluated how 3D metrics derived from LR-TLS deviated from this baseline with increasing distance. Our results show that despite diluted point density and increased beam divergence with distance, LR-TLS can reliably characterize tree height (RMSE = 0.25–1.45 m) and canopy cover (RMSE = 5.67–15.91%) at distances of up to 500 m in open savanna woodlands. When aggregated to the same sampling grain as leading spaceborne vegetation products (10–30 m), our findings show potential for LR-TLS to play a key role in constraining satellite-based structural estimates in savannas over larger areas than traditional TLS sampling can provide. 相似文献
112.
Tautenburg Schmidt plates with the globular clusters M3 and M92 were measured on the APM facility in Cambridge, mainly for astrometric purposes. The data were used to derive the radial density profiles and the luminosity functions of these clusters. There is a good agreement of our results with formerly ones derived by other authors. In both clusters effects of mass segregation are observed. 相似文献
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114.
Minsung Kim 《The Journal of geography》2019,118(4):157-168
This study examined the effects of observing and reflecting on everyday environments in the development of environmental sensitivity, defined as a holistic capability composed of predisposition, knowledge, and behavior subdimensions. We encouraged participants to use diverse sources, such as texts, photographs, and animation, to record their observations and thinking. As a result, the activity in this study was beneficial in enhancing students’ environmental sensitivity. Students’ mean scores on the environmental sensitivity questionnaire improved, and their reflective journals reported increased interest in everyday environments, enhanced knowledge about diverse environmental elements, and strengthened will to act pro-environmentally. The usefulness of the geospatial platform was also reported. 相似文献
115.
Dong Li 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2019,(5):43-52
Magnetic reconnection is thought to be a key process in most solar eruptions. Thanks to highresolution observations and simulations, the studied scale of the reconnection process has become smaller and smaller. Spectroscopic observations show that the reconnection site can be very small, which always exhibits a bright core and two extended wings with fast speeds, i.e., transition-region explosive events.In this paper, using the PLUTO code, we perform a 2-D magnetohydrodynamic simulation to investigate small-scale reconnection in double current sheets. Based on our simulation results, such as the line-of-sight velocity, number density and plasma temperature, we can synthesize the line profile of SiIV 1402.77? which is a well known emission line used to study transition-region explosive events on the Sun. The synthetic line profile of Si IV 1402.77? is complex with a bright core and two broad wings which can extend to nearly 200 km s-1. Our simulation results suggest that the transition-region explosive events on the Sun are produced by plasmoid instability during small-scale magnetic reconnection. 相似文献
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117.
Bragg reflection of water waves by multiple floating horizontal flexible membranes is investigated based on the linear wave theory and the assumption of small membrane response. Under the floating horizontal membranes, periodical submerged rectangular bars are arranged on the flat seabed. The total reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained by using the eigenfunction expansion method and the wide spacing approximation. The calculated coefficients are validated with the results available in the literature, which shows that the present method is applicable. The characteristics of Bragg reflection are systematically investigated by changing various parameters including the height of the rectangular bars, the number, the tension, the spacing, and the length of the flexible membranes. The results can help designing multiple floating horizontal flexible membranes as effective floating breakwaters by taking advantage of Bragg reflection. 相似文献
118.
为查明清水河东侧断裂的产状、性质及其浅部构造特征,跨断裂开展高分辨率的浅层地震探测,获得高信噪比的浅层地震反射叠加剖面。根据浅层地震剖面结果并结合该区域地质资料,对该断裂的浅部构造特征进行分析和讨论。结果表明,清水河东侧断裂为一条走向近SN、倾向E的逆断层,其浅部为由2~3条断层组成的“Y”字形构造,并错断埋深约10~30 m的第四系沉积层,属第四纪以来的隐伏活动断裂。 相似文献
119.
采用高分辨折射和宽角反射/折射综合地震探测方法,在浙江省中部沿黄岩、临海、东阳、桐庐、昌化进行深部构造探测,获得一条长约350km的速度结构剖面。探测结果表明,地壳结构具有明显的多层性,存在3个速度间断面;基底速度结构图像揭示了速度结构的横向非均匀性,这种不均匀性既对应于地质构造单元的分界线或断裂构造带,也反映出东西部构造特征的差异性。 相似文献
120.
通过野外地质调查,结合地球物理探测手段,研究两郧断裂郧县盆地段地质与地球物理特征;参照两郧断裂带多个位置采集断层物质的SEM、TL测试成果,并结合本次对断层上断点沉积物OSL测年数据,对两郧断裂该段第四纪活动性进行分析。研究结果表明,两郧断裂在郧县盆地段埋深相对较深;断裂特征主要为逆断层,部分分支断裂显示为正断性质;断裂带最新活动时代为中更新世晚期-晚更新世早期。 相似文献