河南商城地区岩墙的锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对侵位于河南省商城县白垩纪商城花岗岩体中的岩墙进行的锆石SHRIMPU．Pb法年代学研究表明,单颗粒锆石的年龄数据反映出中一新太古代（2843Ma）、中元古代（1886Ma、1829Ma）、新元古代（768．4～535．1Ma）、古生代（353．7Ma、262．2Ma）和中生代（234．2～117．8Ma）的年龄,与区域构造事件和地质演化历史有很好的对应性。结合前人对大别造山带各类岩石年代学研究的结果,笔者认为岩墙锆石测年给出的谐和年龄751．3土39．9Ma代表大别造山带中元古代晋宁期一期重要且强度很高的变质作用年代。根据前人对大别造山带大地构造演化历史的认识,结合本文岩墙年代学研究结果,笔者认为岩墙锆石测年结果可能印证了秦岭一大别造山带中生代以来的、以岩石圈基底拆沉作用为基本特征的强烈壳幔相互作用。     

哀牢山-红河剪切带中段多阶段新生代花岗岩脉:同位素年代学及对于剪切应变型式转变时间的约束

哀牢山-红河剪切带是新生代印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞过程中发育的大规模走滑型剪切带,其发育对于碰撞过程中印支地块的南东向逃逸以及藏东南地区构造格局的形成具有重要的贡献。与剪切带演化相关,伴随发育多阶段花岗岩脉就位,它们为限定剪切变形时限、阐明剪切作用属性提供了重要证据。本文在野外观察基础上,应用显微构造和EBSD石英c-轴组构分析查明花岗岩脉的构造特点与应变型式,同时采用锆石LA-ICP-MS测年方法获得岩脉侵位与结晶年龄。年龄分析结果表明,岩脉年龄分别为27.09±0.48Ma、25.17±0.23Ma和25.16±0.50Ma,其中年龄为27.09±0.48Ma的花岗岩脉具有糜棱岩化现象,其变形特征体现为中温变形后叠加低温变形,且剪切变形形式由一般剪切转换为简单剪切;年龄为25.17±0.23Ma的花岗岩脉表现出同剪切晚期构造特征,且具有较低温度简单剪切变形特点;25.16±0.50Ma的切穿糜棱叶理,矿物未见变形,可能代表剪切期后岩脉。结合区域构造,推测剪切方式由纯剪为主的剪切向由单剪为主的剪切转换发生在27Ma和25Ma之间,哀牢山-红河剪切带中段在约25Ma走滑运动结束。     

An uncommon episode of mafic magmatism at 1347 Ma in the Mesoproterozoic Telemark supracrustals, Sveconorwegian orogen—Implications for stratigraphy and tectonic evolution

The Mesoproterozoic Telemark supracrustals in southern Norway comprise two major assemblages of bimodal volcanic and clastic metasedimentary rocks. The older Vestfjorddalen supergroup evolved from A-type, ca. 1500 Ma continental felsic volcanism, via within-plate type basaltic volcanism, into open sea siliciclastic sedimentation, and produced an at least 5 km thick, quartzite-dominated sequence, the Vindeggen group. It overlies a basement formed by just slightly older, 1550–1500 Ma mature arc rocks. The younger, 1170–1140 Ma Sveconorwegian supergroup was characterized by bimodal volcanism, associated with plutonism, and with several intervening periods of clastic sedimentation. The metadiabase dated in this study cuts the Vindeggen group at the top of the older supergroup and is itself delimited by an unconformity at the bottom of the younger supergroup. The 1347 ± 4 Ma age, obtained by ID-TIMS analysis of zircon, defines a mimimum age for deposition of the Vindeggen group. The age is unique in the regional context but in general terms it fits a pattern of episodic and locally intense magmatism that characterized the Mesoproterozoic development of the margins of Proto-Baltica and -Laurentia and has been related to the evolution of a long-lived convergent margin. The similarities between some of these terranes and distinctiveness from others, in both orogens, may indicate outboard evolution of the Telemarkia and Frontenac terranes before their aggregation within the Sveconorwegian–Grenvillian orogen.     

湘南矿集区长英质岩脉的特征及其成矿、找矿意义

南岭地区不仅广泛出露花岗岩,而且还广泛分布着长英质岩脉。本文选择湘南矿集区的奇古岭、香花岭、荷花坪、千里山、新田岭和瑶岗仙6个不同类型、不同演化程度的长英质（流纹质、微粒花岗岩质、细晶岩质）岩脉为研究对象,利用全岩分析、电子探针矿物化学成分分析等结果,对比总结了这些长英质岩脉的岩石学、矿物学、年代学和地球化学等方面的特征。奇古岭和香花岭是其中演化程度最高的2个岩脉,富含Li和F等挥发组分,含有黄玉和铁锂云母等特征矿物,全岩和锆石的Zr/Hf比值均较低,同时它们还富集成矿元素,并以不同产状氧化物（锡石、金红石和铌钽矿物）形式存在。其它4个岩体成矿信息不明显,仅见由于后期绿泥石化形成于绿泥石解理缝中的次生矿物金红石（富集Nb和W）。除了千里山以外,岩脉与寄主或相邻的花岗岩体大多属于同一时期的产物,但从年代学并不一定能够体现出它们与各自主岩体之间的相关性。这些岩脉都是花岗岩的次火山相或火山相的类似物,包括了斑晶矿物和基质矿物,快速的冷凝结晶的过程导致形成了特殊的岩石结构、矿物组合和成分特征,它们记录了岩浆-流体体系的活动过程。这些信息之间的相互印证,证实了奇古岭岩脉与骑田岭花岗岩来源于不同的源区,香花岭431岩脉可能是癞子岭花岗岩进一步高度分异结晶的产物,千里山岩脉与主体花岗岩也是不同成因的岩浆活动,荷花坪、新田岭和瑶岗仙岩脉与主体花岗岩未能判断明确的成因联系和成矿信息。因此,长英质岩脉,尤其是高演化的岩脉也能成为在南岭地区寻找成矿花岗岩的新窗口,它能够提供更直接的深部信息,特别是本身即为矿体的岩脉,可以指示深部或周围存在成矿作用。它们有可能与寄主岩体相关,也有可能来源于深部不同的岩浆房,这对与提供寻找隐伏岩体和矿体的证据、找矿勘探工作均有很重要的意义。     

塔里木二叠纪石英正长斑岩岩墙的发现及其构造意义

新疆塔里木盆地内部发育了大量二叠纪(260～292 Ma)玄武岩类为主的岩浆岩,主要由玄武岩、辉绿岩、玄武安山岩、超镁铁质岩石和正长岩等组成。作者野外地质调查过程中在巴楚水工团附近发现石英正长斑岩岩墙的出现。这些石英正长斑岩属准铝质(A/CNK＜1),其中SiO_2含量为66～67%,并以富K_2O+Na_2O(10～11%)、K_2O/Na_2O(0．8～0．9)和较低的Mg/(Mg+Fe)比值为特征,且具有富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、Rb)和高场强元素含量(Zr、Nb、Y)、Ga/Al比值、高的稀土总量(631～734×10~(-6))、高度富集的LREE/HREE比值以及具Eu的负异常。这些特征并结合构造判别图解显示其具有典型的A型花岗岩的特征。低的Y/Nb(0．4)＜1．2以及微量元素蜘蛛网图中呈现大离子亲石元素富集以及Nb平坦或稍凸的图谱指示其源区来自于地幔,且在典型板内环境下形成。与小海子水库出露的正长岩的成分特征比较接近并很可能具有相同的源区成分。笔者对小海子正长岩体中粗粒正长岩采用精确的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素定年,获得可靠的一致性年龄值为277±4 Ma,暗示小海子正长岩体侵位时代为277 Ma。根据野外观察、地球化学特征和构造环境的初步研究和对比,石英正长斑岩岩墙与小海子正长岩体一起很可能都是在早二叠世晚期形成,约在277Ma左右,它们代表了二叠纪陆内稳定环境下形成的产物,并可能作为塔里木地区最后一次大的岩浆热事件结束的标志。     

Patterns of foliation drag near walls of reoriented dykes

Drag patterns of foliation are graphically constructed around very competent dykes under bulk strain of pure shear, simple shear and a combination of pure shear and simple shear. Four different types of drag patterns may be produced, depending on the nature of the bulk deformation and the initial orientations of the dyke and the foliation. The drag pattern can be symmetric or asymmetric, inward curving or outward curving. Both the magnitude and the sense of drag may vary along a dyke wall. A uniform sense of drag develops all along a dyke wall only in certain special situations. The type of foliation drag near a dyke may give us a rough idea of the nature of bulk deformation and the relative orientations of the dyke and the foliation with respect to the bulk strain axes.     

白云鄂博矿区碱性基性岩—碳酸岩岩墙岩石学研究

白云鄂博地区广泛发育碳酸岩墙 -碱性基性岩墙,通过对其岩石学、矿物学、岩石化学、稀土元素、微量元素的系统研究表明,碳酸岩墙为火成碳酸岩,部分碳酸岩墙的REE含量高达14 6 75 %,与赋矿白云石碳酸岩体的REE含量(最高达 10 % )相近,两者均为富稀土矿石。矿区基性岩墙的K2 O +Na2 O含量( >5 % )高于普通基性岩石(4 % ),表明它们属于碱性岩类,是碱性基性岩墙。碳酸岩墙 -碱性基性岩墙的REE与微量元素的分配型式近似,Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征亦相近,表明它们形成于一个比较特殊的、近似的源区,两者有一定的成因关系。     

不同结构型式及高程离岸潜堤投射系数实验研究

针对威海九龙湾岸滩治理工程,进行不同结构型式及不同高程离岸潜堤的物理模型试验。根据物理模型试验的结果,得出离岸潜堤透射系数Kt与主要影响因子的相互关系。得出影响潜堤透射系数最主要的因子为相对堤顶水深(a/Hi),在一定水位条件下,相对堤顶长度(B/L)也能影响透射系数。借助MATLAB数学软件平台,将数据进行回归分析,得出不规则波作用下潜堤透射系数的经验公式,为此类工程设计提供参考。     

导电薄层下三维岩脉的CSAMT响应分析

为了研究探测3D导电岩脉状目标体的可控源音频电磁法（CSAMT）的最佳观测装置,我们用压缩积分方程法数值模拟了赋存于导电薄层下的3D导电岩脉的电磁场响应.计算结果表明,最有效的源的位置是把发射源沿岩脉的走向放置.相对于其他几种装置,这种观测装置得到的异常场与主场的比值最大.利用这种最佳的观测装置,通过将异常场Eya 和 Hxa与噪音作对比,研究了当岩脉的埋深和高度发生变化时岩脉的可探测性问题.当岩脉的顶部埋深增加时,导电岩脉的可探测性降低.岩脉高度的变化对异常场幅值的影响要小于岩脉顶部埋深所产生的影响.所以通常情况下,即便应用了最有效的CSAMT装置,也很难探测到岩脉的高度,应用钻孔中的探测可能会解决这个问题.     

Neoproterozoic Mafic Dykes and Basalts in the Southern Margin of Tarim, Northwest China: Age, Geochemistry and Geodynamic Implications

<正>Neoproterozoic rifting-related mafic igneous rocks are widely distributed both in the northern and southern margins of the Tarim Block,NW China.Here we report the geochronology and systematic whole-rock geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic mafic dykes and basalts along the southern margin of Tarim.Our zircon U-Pb age,in combination with stratigraphic constraint on their emplacement ages,indicates that the mafic dykes were crystallized at ca.802 Ma,and the basalt, possibly coeval with the ca.740 Ma volcanic rocks in Quruqtagh in the northern margin of Tarim. Elemental and Nd isotope geochemistry of the mafic dykes and basalts suggest that their primitive magma was derived from asthenospheric mantle(OIB-like) and lithospheric mantle respectively,with variable assimilation of crustal materials.Integrating the data supplied in the present study and that reported previously in the northern margin of Tarim,we recognize two types of mantle sources of the Neoproterozoic mafic igneous rocks in Tarim,namely the matasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle(SCLM) in the northern margin and the long-term enriched lithospheric mantle and asthenospheric mantle in the southern margin.A comprehensive synthesis of the Neoproterozoic igneous rocks throughout the Tarim Block led to the recognition of two major episodes of Neoproterozoic igneous activities at ca.820-800 Ma and ca.780-740 Ma,respectively.These two episodes of igneous activities were concurrent with those in many other Rodinian continents and were most likely related to mantle plume activities during the break-up of the Rodinia.