白银厂酸性火山岩地球化学特征及成因分析

甘肃白银厂矿田是我国著名的火山成因块状硫化物矿床产地,赋矿岩石主要为酸性火山岩(石英角斑岩和石英角斑凝灰岩)。文章通过对白银厂矿区酸性火山岩的岩相学和岩石地球化学特征研究,结果表明:1)岩石发生了低绿片岩相的变质作用,镜下可见明显的绢云母化、绿泥石化等蚀变作用,造成了岩石K、Ca、Na、Rb等活泼元素的迁移;2)岩石具有高硅、低钛、弱铝、贫镁,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,以及明显的Sr、P、Ti、Eu的负异常和Th、U、Pb正异常特征,表明本区酸性火山岩可能为下地壳基性岩重熔的产物,源区存在斜长石、磷灰石以及钛铁矿等矿物的残留,并且岩浆在演化过程中经历过围岩的混染与弱的分离结晶作用;3)结合北祁连的区域构造演化、岩浆活动以及本区火山岩的年代学资料,认为该酸性火山岩可能处于由岛弧向弧后盆地过渡的环境中。     

Fluidized mixtures of magma and rock in a late Caledonian breccia dyke and associated breccia pipes in Appin,Scotland

This paper describes an unusual occurrence of igneous material as clasts in dyke and pipe breccias associated with late Caledonian minor intrusions. It is shown that the clasts were in a plastic condition when incorporated into the breccia rock. These igneous clasts were derived from magma disrupted at depth and then transported into the fluidized breccia columns where they were mixed with large numbers of clasts derived from the quartzite wall-rocks. Textures and planar fabrics developed during collapse of the fluidized system are described and shown to be separable from the later compaction associated with extensive pressure solution of the fine matrix. Most Caledonian breccia pipes lack igneous clasts and it is considered that this group of breccias represent the rarely-preserved boundary zone between active magma and breccia systems.     

抛石潜堤护面块石稳定试验

通过断面模型试验确定了抛石潜堤护面块石的稳定重量,并与理论计算结果进行比较,阐明了模型试验的重要性。     

绿色海堤的沉积地貌与生态系统动力学原理: 研究综述*

绿色海堤是传统结构工程与海岸生态系统共同组合而成的新型海堤, 用以应对未来海面上升、风暴加剧给低地海岸防护带来的挑战。需解决的问题主要有海岸生态系统消浪过程及生态系统在海堤体系中的配置方式。理论分析、现场观测、物模数模所获结果表明, 海岸生态系统确有显著的消浪功能: 1) 陆架泥区消浪, 其机制以再悬浮和浮泥运动为主, 底部摩擦为次; 2) 潮滩下部的粉砂细砂滩底部摩擦和推移质运动共同造成波能耗散, 而上部的泥滩则以再悬浮和悬沙输运为主; 3) 在盐沼、红树林、海草床等由植被构成的生态系统, 植物通过形态阻力、茎秆运动来阻滞水流、耗散波能, 其效能高于沉积物床面对波能的耗散; 4) 生物礁主要有珊瑚礁和牡蛎礁, 其消能作用主要通过床面摩擦和波浪破碎, 效能较高, 尤其是在风暴期间。生态系统如何成为海堤的有机组成部分, 尤其是侵蚀型海岸的生态位修复和绿色海堤整体设计, 还需进一步研究相关的科学问题: 与硬质工程结合的盐沼-牡蛎礁的适应性生物学; 未来环境变化条件下生态系统的稳定性; 绿色海堤生态系统空间配置及其与风暴事件的时间尺度匹配; 基于均衡剖面理论的海堤形态优化。     

北祁连东段红土堡基性火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

为精确限定红土堡基性火山岩的形成时代,结合阴极发光分析,分别对北祁连东段红土堡枕状玄武岩和辉绿岩墙进行了LA - ICP - MS 单颗粒锆石微区U - Pb 同位素测年。红土堡枕状玄武岩获得（443.4 ±1.7 ）Ma 和（1 782 ±34 ）Ma 两组年龄值;同时,获得红土堡基性火山岩中辉绿岩墙的年龄为（385.7 ±7.9 ）Ma,并含有（1 697 ±6 ） ～（2 692 ±4 ）Ma 的捕晶锆石年龄信息。认为红土堡基性火山岩的形成时代为晚奥陶世,与其北的陈家河中酸性火山岩的形成时代大体一致,推断红土堡基性火山岩的原始岩浆不同程度遭受了陇山岩群的混染。这一新资料,对进一步研究北祁连造山带东段大地构造格局、构造演化以及北秦岭—北祁连衔接关系具有重要意义。     

北祁连山中段早中奥陶世蛇绿岩中席状岩墙杂岩的发现及其地质意义

作为蛇绿岩套重要组成部分之一的席状岩墙杂岩(Sheeted dyke complex)近来在北祁连山中段肃南县大岔大坂北坡的早中奥陶世蛇绿岩中被发现。这一发现对于祁连山早古生代蛇绿岩来说尚属首次,而且对于研究蛇绿岩的发展演化及探讨奥陶纪时洋底扩张都有重要意义。席状岩墙杂岩由一系列具单向冷凝边的辉绿岩墙组成,以一墙挨一墙的形式产出,岩墙间无任何填充物。席状岩墙杂岩在矿物组合上,常量元素、稀土元素及痕量元素地球化学特征和配分模式,甚至金属硫化物矿化作用方面都有类似之处。这些证据表明席状岩墙杂岩是连通其下岩浆房与其上枕状熔岩的通道。席状岩墙的单向冷凝边为岩浆上升方式和扩张洋脊的存在提供了令人信服的证据。根据Zr/Y—Zr关系图式,得出该区洋脊的扩张速率大约为2cm/a。     

A two-stage evolution of Visakhapatnam-Paradip shelf,east coast of India,from magnetic studies

A detailed analysis of bathymetry and magnetic data of Visakhapatnam-Paradip shelf, east coast of India revealed three major structural lineaments over the shelf/slope of the area. Models derived from the anomalies associated with the trends indicate that trend A represents horst and graben type continental basement while trend B is due to a series of dyke intrusions. Trend C off Chilka lake forms the northward extension of 85°E lineation from deep sea Bengal Fan. A two stage evolution of the eastern continental margin of India has been inferred from the study of this part of the margin, viz., the rift stage evidenced by dyke intrusions of reverse polarity located within the inner part of the shelf and post-rift stage characterized by vertical tectonics in the form of a horst and graben type continental basement. The hotspot related aseismic 85°E ridge further complicated the tectonics of this part of the area.     

Surface current variability in the Keum River Estuary (South Korea) during summer 2002 as observed by high-frequency radar and coastal monitoring buoy

High-frequency (HF) radar observations of surface currents were conducted for 3 months during summer 2002 in the Keum River estuary. A comparison between HF radar-derived currents and directly measured ones form a buoy showed that the regression slope is close to 1 and the correlation coefficient greater than 0.86, with an RMS difference less than 13 cm/s which is less than 17% of the tidal current. This fairly good agreement allows us to use HF radar observation in investigating the surface flow and circulation in this tidal-current-dominant coastal-plume area. To examine the spatial variation in tidal current characteristics, as well as currents associated with non-tidal forcing, the HF radar-derived currents were separated into tidal and sub-tidal frequency currents. The overall pattern of M₂-current ellipse distribution in the study area showed a counterclockwise rotation, with the offshore maximum current direction to the northeast. Eccentricity, the direction of maximum current, and the phase of net motion of the ellipse changed near the estuary mouth and near the gap of the Saemangeum reclamation tide dyke due to the complex coastal geometry and the out-flowing jet during the ebb period.     

宝兴县城堤防工程灌注桩施工中的几个问题

介绍在宝兴县城堤防灌注桩工程施工中，如何解决孔轴线倾斜、卡钻、坍孔、导管堵塞等技术难题。     

博格达山白杨河地区中基性岩墙地球化学特征及其地质意义

白杨河地区中基性岩墙地球化学研究显示,该岩墙属于亚碱性系列,为岩浆高度演化的产物,轻稀土元素适度富集,轻重稀土分异中等,Nb、Ta强烈亏损,Ti、Zr和Hf适度亏损,不相容元素(K、Rb、Ba、Sr、LREE)与Pb富集,说明该岩墙源自与俯冲作用有关的交代地幔,且在侵位过程中受到地壳物质的混染。该岩墙侵位时期可能为270~250Ma左右,为造山期后伸展环境下的产物,是中亚造山带后碰撞阶段陆壳垂向生长的重要标志。