Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in massive sulphide exploration, Rosebery mine area, western Tasmania, Australia

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of hot HNO₃ insoluble residues of rock powders is used as a new exploration technique for the volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) deposit in the Rosebery mine area. The EPR signal intensities measured in 326.5±5 mT sweeps are strong in the altered rocks, and show a negative correlation with Ca, Na and Sr, and a positive correlation with K/Na, Rb/Sr and (K × Rb)/(Ca × Na × Sr). The EPR intensities measured in 326.5±100 mT sweeps show high values in the footwall pyroclastics, host rocks and hanging wall pyroclastics near and around the Rosebery deposit, and correlate positively with K, Fe, Mn, Ba, F, Rb, Zn, Pb and Zr. The Rosebery deposit and associated footwall alteration zone are located at the intersection of two elongated paramagnetic halos. The first is characterized by strong intensities of [AlO₄]° signals measured at magnetic flux density sweeps over 326.5±5 mT, trends NE–SW, and passes discordantly from the west to the east the White Spur Formation, altered footwall (footwall alteration zone), host rock of the Rosebery deposit, hanging wall and Mount Black Volcanics. The second, largely stratabound, halo is defined by strong intensities of Mn²⁺ sextets observed at magnetic flux density sweeps over 326.5±100 mT, runs N–S following the stratigraphic trend, and outlines the mineralized host rock and footwall alteration zone. It also extends toward the south into the unaltered footwall and hanging wall rocks. The first type of halo is considered to be related to wall rock alteration due to the VHMS mineralization processes as well to later Devonian metamorphism, and the second is thought to be related to massive sulphide mineralization alone.     

青藏羌塘盆地中、新生代火山岩同位素地球化学特征及其意义

通过对羌塘盆地火山岩（含少数侵入岩）的 锶（Sr）、钕（Nd）和铅（Pb）同位素地球化学的研究,获得中、新生代不同类型火山 岩和花岗岩类Sr同位素比值大多数为０706～0710 , 〖HT5”SS〗ε〖HT5”SS〗 N d 值 为-054～-81,均为负值, 206Pb/204Pb值为 171493～ 190313, 207Pb/204Pb值为154350～15666,208Pb/2 04Pb值为 37566~39072。根据同位素地球化学特征,中生代火山岩 物质主要 来源于富集地幔区和下地壳,原始岩浆为壳幔混合型,可能与造山带的岛弧—活动陆缘环 境 有关。早第三纪火山岩岩浆来自富集幔源区,与大陆拉张环境有关。第四纪火山岩形成于高 钾熔岩区内,与俯冲环境有关。总之,本区的火山岩中生代为造山带火山岩,新生代（主要 为早第三纪）为大陆裂谷带火山岩。     

石生藻类,地衣,苔藓与碳酸盐岩持水性及生态意义

对藻类,地衣,芭藓生物财溶校样品及相应岩石样品进行了室内蒸发失水,主动吸水试验,结果表明：与无生物覆盖的岩石相比,有藻类生物覆盖的岩石表面失水量,吸水量分别提高１８．８,１．６倍,蒸发失水,主动吸水的时间分别延长４８％,５７％,持水量提高１６．６倍,有地衣生物覆盖的岩石表面失水量,吸水量分别提高２．９,１９．１倍,蒸发失水,主动吸水的时间分别延长３１％,１１９％,持水量提高２．９倍;有苔藓生物覆盖     

复合采动影响下边坡岩体变形机制的数值分析

在各类矿产资源的开采过程中,有许多矿区属地下与露天复合开采情况。依据采区的空间对应关系,两种采动影响域中的一部分相互重叠,致使其采动效应相互作用和相互叠加,从而组成一个复合动态系统,因此,边坡岩体变形机理更加复杂,与单一露天开采相比有较大的差异。然而,过去在处理此类问题时近似地按单一露天采动影响下的分析方法,结果与实际情况有一定差异。     

软岩巷道中地下水流自动封闭机理分析

地下水对软 巷道的支护具有重要影响,需要采取避开或封闭措施。在具有膨胀性和崩解性的软岩巷道中,地下水流存在自动现象,本文研究了它的机理。     

变形岩体软弱破裂带的处理技术

在研究完成变形岩体软弱破裂带可灌性的基础上,采用旋喷注浆技术进行直接加固处理,提高破裂带的内聚力和内摩擦角,实践证明,抑制了岩体的变表,防止了滑坡的产生。     

非传统钻进方法热能碎岩的原理及其初步实践

提出了一种非传统的利用热能破碎岩石的新型钻进方法,包括热力钻进法,热熔岩石钻 和超高频电加热－机械切割组合钻进法,介绍了其碎岩机理,适用范围,初步应用情况及前景。     

岩石多次全过程压入硬度的测试试验

介绍了在ＭＴＳ８１５型岩石力学试验机上配置专用夹具和平底圆柱压模后成功地进行岩石表面多次全过程压入破碎试验的情况,分析了这种试验方法与传统的单次压入硬度测试法相比在反映岩石破碎过程特征、表征岩石压入硬度方面所具有的优点。最后邮进一步研究应解决的几个问题。     

Preliminary study on weathering and pedogenesis of carbonate rock

South China is the largest continuous distribution area of carbonate rock in the world. The origin of the soils over the bedrock carbonate rock has long been a controversial topic. Here further exploration is made by taking five soil profiles as examples, which are developed over the bedrock dolomitite and limestone and morphologically located in upland in karst terrain in the central, west and north Guizhou as well as west Hunan, and proved to be the weathering profiles of carbonate rock by the research results of acid-dissolved extraction experiment of bedrock, mineralogy and trace element geochemistry. Field, mineralogical and trace element geochemical characteristics of weathering and pedogenesis for carbonate rock are discussed in detail. It is pointed out that weathering and pedogenesis of carbonate rock are important pedogenetic mechanisms for soil resources in karst area, providing a basis for further researches on the origin of soils widely overlying bedrock carbonate rocks in South China. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 498330003) and National Key Basic Research Project (Grant No. 95pre-39).     

Authigenic albite in carbonate rocks – a tracer for deep-burial brine migration?

Euhedral, post-depositional albite from the Eastern and Western Alps, the western Carpathians and some Greek islands was examined petrographically and geochemically to gain insights into the nature of feldspar reactions in carbonate rocks. This study focuses on coarsely crystalline, homogeneously nucleated albite in order to avoid problems related to the presence of inseparable detrital material in fine-grained albite varieties. All albite samples show a very restricted compositional variability and are typically ≥ 99 mol% Ab component. Unit-cell parameters determined by Rietveld analysis are slightly more variable than previously accepted, but confirm high Al–Si ordering characteristic of low albite. The oxygen isotopic composition of albite ranges from + 19·4‰ to + 28·3‰ VSMOW. There is no direct relationship between the δ¹⁸O value and the inferred temperature of albite formation, nor is there one with stoichiometry. The coarse crystal size (up to several millimetres in diameter), petrographic evidence showing albite cross-cutting stylolites, greater abundance of albite in carbonate rocks subject to high-grade diagenetic or weak metamorphic overprinting and available fluid inclusion data suggest that albite precipitation is favoured at higher temperatures in carbonates than in sandstones. Pore fluids were invariably brines, as suggested by the inferred high positive δ¹⁸O_fluid values, the common association of albite-bearing carbonates and evaporites and reports of saline fluid inclusions in albite. The presence of authigenic albite may thus be a useful tracer of palaeobrine–carbonate reactions, particularly in deep-burial and incipient metamorphic settings.