1998年江西连续暴雨过程诊断分析

分析了1998年6月12～27日、7月18日～8月1日江西中北部出现的2次特强连续暴雨过程的降水特征、环流形势特征及物理量特征 ,得到了一些有意义的结果。     

CaCl2、NaHCO3和盐酸降pH的效果及其对水质的影响

本文于１９９８的８－１０月间选取山东省高青县赵店乡大芦湖养殖公司院内一口盐碱池塘的池水为实验用水,选用ＣａＣｌ２、ＮａＨＣＯ３和盐酸作试剂,进行了这三种试剂的降ｐＨ值实验。实验结果表明：ＮａＨＣＯ３有降ｐＨ效果须高浓度使用,但会使水体缓冲能力下降,不宜作为降ｐＨ的试剂。盐酸能迅速降低ｐＨ,但持续时间较短,适合急救时使用。２１９ｋｇ．ｈａ＾－１（１４．６ｋｇ／亩）的用量可降低ｐＨ１．５个单位。能长期     

我国东部的准经向降水带及其成因分析

根据我国东部明显的准经向地质构造,将我国的准经向类雨带划分为3型,分别为(1)3e:郯庐断裂及其以东沿海多雨,以西为少雨区;(2)3m:南北地震带附近的我国中部多雨,太行山-武陵山以东为少雨区;(3)3d:我国东部有两条多雨带或两条少雨带.夏季经向雨带几乎都出现在4月份地球自转减慢(ΔLOD＞0)而且加速减慢(Δ2LOD＞0)的条件下,这为汛期经向雨带的预报提供了一条有力的指标.     

Lithium extraction from hard rock lithium ores (spodumene,lepidolite, zinnwaldite,petalite): Technology,resources, environment and cost

Lithium production in China mainly depends on hard rock lithium ores, which has a defect in resources,environment, and economy compared with extracting lithium from brine. This paper focuses on the research progress of extracting lithium from spodumene, lepidolite, petalite, and zinnwaldite by acid,alkali, salt roasting, and chlorination methods, and analyzes the resource intensity, environmental impact,and production cost of industrial lithium extraction from spodumene and lepidolite. It is fou...     

Estuarine behaviour of metal loads leached from coastal lowland acid sulphate soils

The estuarine behaviour of the metal load leaching from acid sulphate (AS) soils was studied in a selected river system (the V?r? River), in western Finland. Large amounts of metals were transported with the river and deposited within the estuary, causing highly elevated metal concentrations in both the sediment traps and in the underlying bottom sediments. Among the metals, there was a diverging deposition pattern where Al, Cu, La and U demonstrated a strong association with organic matter and were deposited within approximately 4 km from the river mouth. In contrast, the deposition of Co, Mn, Ni and Zn occurred when pH reached circumneutral conditions further out in the estuary. Yet other metals were not abundantly leached from the AS soils and thus not elevated in the river and estuary (Fe, Ti, Cr, V). Five separate chemical extractions indicated the geochemical speciation of the metals.     

近5a江苏省苏南五市酸雨分布特征分析

统计江苏省苏南地区南京、镇江、常州、无锡和苏州5市7个酸雨监测站2007年1月至2011年12月的酸雨监测资料得到:(1)酸雨发生频率以东山最高,南京最低;2011年最低,2009年最高。强酸雨发生概率以东山最高,溧阳最低;3站同时出现强酸雨的概率最高,7站同时为强酸雨的仅2009年2月22日1 d。(2)四季均为酸性降水;酸雨强度以东山最强,溧阳最弱。2011年呈弱酸性,其余3 a呈强酸性。     

Bioremediation of sulphate rich mine effluents using grass cuttings and rumen fluid microorganisms

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) needs to be treated before it can be re-used or discharged in receiving water bodies due to the low pH, high salinity and high sulphate concentrations of the water. Several treatment methods are currently applied including chemical treatment (e.g. neutralisation of the low pH waters), physical treatment (e.g. reverse osmosis) and biological treatment to reduce the high sulphate concentration. When treating AMD biologically, sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) reduce sulphate to sulphide, provided that a suitable and cost effective carbon and energy source is present. In the present study mine water was remediated biologically, using the degradation products of grass-cellulose, as carbon and energy sources for the sulphate reducing bacteria. A laboratory scale one stage anaerobic bioreactor (20 L volume) containing grass cuttings and biomass consisting of rumen fluid microorganisms and immobilized SRB, was initially fed with synthetic sulphate rich water and later with diluted AMD. The results indicated an average of 86% sulphate removal efficiency when feeding synthetic sulphate rich feed water to the reactor. When feeding diluted AMD, the highest sulphate removal efficiency was 78%. The sulphate removal was dependant on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentrations in the reactor. Increased COD concentrations were obtained when fresh grass was added to the reactor on a regular basis. Metal removal, especially iron, was observed due to the metal sulphide precipitates formed during biological sulphate removal.     

青海一次春季透雨降水过程的云物理结构分析

2001年5月23日青海省的一次透雨过程基本解决了春旱问题.此次降水预报准确,开展了飞机人工增雨作业,同时利用一架科研探测飞机对降水云层进行较系统的云微物理特征探测.探测结果表明"5·23"透雨过程中,降水云系在降水形成发展阶段有分层现象,上层云云水含量较下层大,云粒子浓度大,水汽主要由较高层的系统输送,由于青藏高原特有的下垫面条件,云系的发展变化较快.云粒子谱分析表明,降水云系生成阶段,云粒子谱不连续,呈间断分布或呈浓度有多峰的特征,降水云系成熟后云粒子谱明显增宽,且浓度增加一个以上数量级.云系的不同发展阶段降水云系的粒子二维特征也有不同.     

河南省区域暴雨的客观分型

从多层聚类分析入手,利用微机对１９８０～１９９５ 年河南省２１３ 场区域暴雨过程的５００ ｈＰａ 高度场进行客观分型,得出了４ 类天气形势及其与暴雨落区的对应关系。     

内蒙古雨养农业区土壤水分动态监测模式

文章根据多年实际观测资料,在土壤水分平衡参数模拟方法的基础上,利用初始土壤有效水分贮存量、降水量和实际蒸散量3要素,建立了0～50 cm土层的土壤水分动态监测模式,确定了各项参数的计算方法。通过11个站点两年的检验和试用,对主要农作物春小麦和春玉米农田的水分状况监测准确率达80%以上。同时,对两个站点的土壤水分进行了预报,准确率平均为92%。