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121.
Near Eagle Plains, northern Yukon, Canada, acidic Ca-Fe-Mg sulfate waters are discharging year-long from disturbed permafrosted sandstone bedrock overlying pyritiferous black shales. These acidic waters are precipitating gypsum with minor amounts of jarosite-K (Na), schwertmannite and hematite. This mineral assemblage is similar to that observed at Meridiani Planum (and other location on Mars), making this site a valuable analogue for low-temperature sulfate geochemistry and mineral formation on Mars. Stable O-S isotope analysis of the acidic waters near Eagle Plains revealed that the oxygen in the dissolved sulfate is mostly derived from water (ca. 70%), suggesting that the sulfide oxidation process could be in part biomediated (i.e., accelerated by acidophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria). However, unlike the dissolved sulfate in the waters, the formation of the Ca-Fe-SO4 minerals appears to be purely abiotic. The stable O-S isotope composition of the sulfate minerals is well within the predicted equilibrium range at low temperature, suggesting that they formed through physico-chemical processes (i.e., evaporation or freezing). Low-temperature geochemical modeling with FREZCHEM and PHREEQC suggests that the mineral assemblage at Eagle Plains precipitated mainly through the freezing of Ca-Fe-Mg-SO4 acidic waters, rather than through evaporation during the dry summer season, although the latter is still possible. This suggests that the sulfate mineral assemblage observed on Mars could have also formed under a periglacial-type climate. Considering that the active layer in the zone affected by acid drainage does not freeze-over during winter, the residual talik offers a localized niche environment to support acidophilic microorganisms. Overall, the fact that acid drainage is presently active near Eagle Plains allows the direct observation of the low-temperature geochemical processes responsible for generating acid drainage conditions and precipitation of gypsum, schwertmannite, jarosite-K, jarosite-Na, goethite and hematite. 相似文献
122.
123.
Shuping Bi 《Environmental Geology》2001,40(3):300-304
The aim of this paper was to analyze the processing and transport of aluminum speciation through the terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems of the Chesapeake Bay landscape. Stream waters were sampled in 14 different streams from the Susquehanna River
watershed to the upper reach of Chesapeake Bay. The basic water quality data were documented and Al speciation was evaluated
by modified MINEQL computer model. It was found that the increase in acidity in some of the stream waters near New York were
closely linked with a marked decline in basic cation concentrations. In these areas, the sum of the toxic forms of Al3+ plus AlOH2+ and Al(OH)2
+ concentrations exceeds the critical level of 5 μmol l–1. A potential threat from aluminum may occur.
Received: 3 January 2000 · Accepted: 21 March 2000 相似文献
124.
本文以2000年第10号台风“碧丽斯”为例,得出特殊流场条件下登陆台风后部局域性强降雨产生的原因.它是发生在低层流场中变形场的辐合渐近线的一端附近,由于较强的偏北气流对暖湿的西南气流起到触发抬升作用,使原本水汽充沛、层结不稳定的气层对流发展,形成中尺度强对流云团,从而产生强降水.由于满足这种流场条件的区域很小,暴雨落点附近气流本身不强,因此暴雨范围不大,降雨强度也不太强,但由于流场维持时间较长,降雨历时也较长. 相似文献
125.
介绍了晶安高科污染源的来源、采取的措施及综合治理、利用方法.使废水指标由PH11~12;SS<1000mg/l;CODcr≤200mg/l;氨氮≤200mg/l降到PH6~9;SS<70mg/l;CODcr≤100mg/l;氨氮≤15mg/l;酸雾指标由HCl500~800mg/m3达到小于25~40mg/m3;炉窑烟气由林格曼黑度5,烟尘浓度2700~5191mg/Nm3降到林格曼黑度1,烟尘浓度小于200mg/Nm3;硅渣可生产复合絮凝剂和白炭黑,不仅可改善环境影响,而且可回收盐酸和利用废资源,可给企业带来经济效益. 相似文献
126.
In order to assess the magnitude and impact at affected mine sites of acid rock drainage (ARD), fixed-frequency sampling is often employed. This often involves manual sampling, at regular time intervals, of water and solids. It is felt that such sampling does not adequately describe the system evolution. Continuous monitoring offers a viable alternative in that it can better follow the seasonal fluctuations and high-frequency variations that characterize ARD. This paper evaluates existing continuous monitoring technology. 相似文献
127.
1991年气候异常,入春以后雨量偏多,5月中旬起,高空低槽不断东移,北方冷空气频频南下,北太平洋副热带高压增强很快,高压脊线西伸北抬,梅雨提早发生,雨期连绵两三个月,范围广、强度大、持续时间长,加上长江和淮河的洪水夹击,使江淮流域和太湖地区遭受了历史上罕见的特大暴雨洪涝灾害.本文从江淮地区的地理气候特点出发,分析了导致这场灾害的大气环流异常和下垫面水文水利状况,研究了形成这场灾害的雨情特征、水情特征和灾情特征,并与1954年的特大洪涝灾害相对比,揭示了这次暴雨洪涝灾害的气象水文特征与机理. 相似文献
128.
129.
A. C. Imeson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1977,2(4):431-436
A small portable rainfall simulator is described which is inexpensive to construct and use and which requires relatively little water. Although drops are produced by drop-formers a satisfactory drop-size distribution is obtained by allowing the drops to break-up by falling onto a 3 mm wire mesh. The kinetic energy of the simulated rain is lower than that of natural rainfall because of the low fall height. Characteristics of the simulated rain are described and the use of the simulator briefly illustrated by results obtained from forested areas in Luxembourg. 相似文献
130.
Atmospheric aerosols are a crucial link in the physical processes, involved in the formation and growth of precipitating clouds. Extensive aerosol measurements in surface air and in the lower troposphere were made at inland and coastal stations of different regions in India. At inland stations, the hygroscopic fraction of the total aerosol content is found to be a useful characteristic for distinguishing between the monsoon and summer airflow, as well as an indicator for a good or a badly developed monsoon. At coastal stations, however, this feature is not observed.Measurements as a function of height brought out that the aerosol varied widely in air over different seasons. During monsoon, the hygroscopic fraction was found highest at the cloud base level and was closely linked to the development of rain. Details of these investigations are presented. 相似文献