乡村文化与"三农"关系研究--以商丘市为例

中国传统文化和农业文化结合形成了乡村文化,农民在乡村文化环境中形成了"落后、封闭、固化、狭隘"的文化观念。千百年来,乡村文化观念已成为农民心理结构的主要成份,并对他们的思想感情、行为活动一直起着制约作用,进而影响着农业生产的发展和农村面貌的改变,解决"三农"问题的关键在于转变传统的乡村文化观念。因此,从根本上解决"三农"问题的策略是:首先提高农民文化素质,转变其乡村文化观念;其次是对农用土地进行规划整治,改变农村面貌,调整农业结构,促使农业全面发展;第三是加快城市化进程,实现城乡一体化,加强城乡文化交流、整合,使城乡共同发展。     

Optimization of culture conditions and medium composition for the marine algicidal bacterium Alteromonas sp. DH46 by uniform design

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have led to extensive ecological and environmental issues and huge economic losses. Various HAB control techniques have been developed, and biological methods have been paid more attention. Algicidal bacteria is a general designation for bacteria which inhibit algal growth in a direct or indirect manner, and kill or damage the algal cells. A metabolite which is strongly toxic to the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense was produced by strain DH46 of the alga-lysing bacterium Alteromonas sp. The culture conditions were optimized using a single-factor test method. Factors including carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, initial pH value, rotational speed and salinity were studied. The results showed that the cultivation of the bacteria at 28°C and 180 r min^?1 with initial pH 7 and 30 salt contcentration favored both the cell growth and the lysing effect of strain DH46. The optimal medium composition for strain DH46 was determined by means of uniform design experimentation, and the most important components influencing the cell density were tryptone, yeast extract, soluble starch, NaNO₃ and MgSO₄. When the following culture medium was used (tryptone 14.0g, yeast extract 1.63g, soluble starch 5.0 g, NaNO₃ 1.6 g, MgSO₄ 2.3 g in 1L), the largest bacterial dry weight (7.36 g L^?1) was obtained, which was an enhancement of 107% compared to the initial medium; and the algal lysis rate was as high as 98.4% which increased nearly 10% after optimization.     

浮筏式养殖中海带个体生产力与夹苗位置之间的相关性分析

在浮筏式养殖中,海带的个体生产力与夹苗位置密切相关,上水层的海带长势较好.在育种中按照生产性状优劣的方法选种时,可被选种的个体仅占总个体的10%左右.本文采用同一对配子体无性繁殖系培育的克隆苗为实验材料,进行了个体生产力与夹苗位置之间的相关性分析.实验结果表明:在长度、宽度、厚度、鲜质量、干质量等各项指标中,干质量最能体现海带的个体生产力,得到方程式:y=-0.010x+0.387(R=0.933, P<0.01),该方程式表达了夹苗位置对海带个体生产力的影响.在海带育种选种时,利用公式y=0.010(n-1)+x,可以通过各个夹苗位置的实测值计算出最佳夹苗位置的期望值,消除因环境因素对海带个体生产力带来的影响,使实验结果之间有了可比性,能避免选种中的漏选或误选.     

獐子岛贝类养殖区表层沉积物重金属分布特征及潜在生态危害评价

研究了獐子岛虾夷扇贝养殖区表层沉积物中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn等有害重金属的含量及时空分布,并采用瑞典学者Hakanson的潜在生态危害指数法对该区域重金属的分布特征和生态风险进行了分析。结果表明,獐子岛海域表层沉积物Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn含量均是在夏季较低、冬季较高,最高含量分别为9.17±2.05、0.06±0.014、6.71±2.01、24.94 mg/kg±5.21 mg/kg,远低于国家一类海域标准及Hakanson提出的全球工业化前沉积物中相应污染物的背景值。综合评价,该海域表层沉积物中重金属的污染程度不具有生态风险性,整个养殖区养殖环境良好,为优良的贝类增养殖海域。     

岭南客家商帮的形成、分布及其文化风格

在分析岭南客家商帮形成的地理基础背景条件下,阐述了被迫外迁的部分从商客家人形成为客家商帮的历史过程,其可分为明中叶到清中后期的雏形期、鸦片战争后形成期和当代鼎盛期3个发展阶段;以客家会馆为标志,客家商帮在国内外的地域空间分布呈现出“国内以四川为中心,延及华南、华中,国外以东南亚为主体”的大分散、小集中的地域分布格局.与此相应,造就客家商帮开拓性、儒商性、包容性、务实性和诚信性的文化风格,并以此在商海竞争中取胜,与广州帮、潮州帮并立于中国商业文化版图.     

锦鲤组织细胞体外培养的初步研究

为建立来源于锦鲤的细胞系,本文采用组织块法,对来源于锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio)鳍条、吻端、肌肉、心脏、鳔、肠道、卵巢等组织的细胞进行原代培养和传代培养.在25℃下,添加20％胎牛血清、0.2μg/mL表皮生长因子(EGF)和25ng/mL成纤维生长因子(FGF)的L-15培养基中进行培养.结果显示,鳍条、心脏、鳔、吻端、肌肉、肠道、卵巢分别在原代培养第3、6、12、13、15、3、3天,有细胞从组织块迁出;对长至单层的鳍条、心脏、肌肉细胞进行传代培养,鳍条细胞已传至第39代,心脏和肌肉细胞分别传到第2代和第4代;鳍条、心脏和肌肉细胞分别呈现上皮细胞样、上皮细胞样和上皮细胞样与成纤维状混合型.第6代锦鲤鳍细胞的染色体计数,结果显示,细胞染色体数目分布范围为55～154条,2n=100.病毒敏感性实验,发现锦鲤鳍条细胞对草鱼出血病病毒(GCRV)和鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)都敏感,且在24h内出现细胞病变(CPE);但对斑点叉尾鮰病毒(CCV)不敏感.锦鲤鳍条细胞系的建立为后期建立更多的锦鲤细胞系和鱼类病毒研究奠定了基础.     

Self-thinning, biodeposit production, and organic matter input to the bottom in mussel suspension culture

Future mussel suspension-culture methods may increasingly bypass standard population density adjustment on culture gear. This likely to exacerbate mussel fall-off. The potential extent of mussel fall-off is unknown. Here I use Dynamic Energy Budget theory and self-thinning theory to model the contribution of mussel fall-off to the total input of organic matter to the bottom. I focus on mussel populations grown on collector ropes and undergoing space-regulated self-thinning. Over a complete growth cycle, fall-off of mussel biomass was three times as high as the quantity harvested and accounted for 59% of total input of organic matter to the bottom. Biomass fall-off with collectors was 6-30 fold higher than with sleeving methods, as estimated from the literature. The relative contribution of mussel fall-off increased in a step-like fashion with initial population density, indicating that either mussels or biodeposits may dominate the organic input to the bottom, unless year-to-year variability in spat abundance is very high. The relative contribution of mussel fall-off did not increase appreciably with the intensity of second-set, but total mussel fall-off did. Assessment of each input type to the bottom is required for forecasting the consequences of a shift in culture methods, as they have different, spatially structured, effects on benthic environments.     

MEETINGHOUSES IN THE MORMON MIND: IDEOLOGY,ARCHITECTURE, AND TURBULENT STREAMS OF AN EXPANDING CHURCH*

ABSTRACT. Early work by D. W. Meinig delimiting “The Mormon Culture Region” focused on the spread of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐day Saints (lds ) in a core, domain, and sphere scheme that recognized diffusion of a fast‐growing group bent on shifting its station from cultural edge to religious mainstream. Such a changeover from fringe belief to international force lacks any widely circulated rule book. The lds and its followers today extend influence through diverse, distinct pathways: making missionaries a recognizable global force, offering education on church‐controlled university campuses, emanating wholesomeness, entering high‐security federal service, and attaining national political power. But nothing so locks in an lds message as the standard‐plan meetinghouses, in uniform styles, that mark church presence in North America and other continents. This work analyzes that architecture and examines its fit within lds expansion and presentation of self, not just in the Salt Lake City church but even as imitated by outcast outliers.     

云南屋顶绿化的特色浅析——以红河哈尼族彝族自治州为例

屋顶绿化中国还没有部门管。从屋顶绿化的发展及其功能出发,结合人文思想、民族文化、生物多样性3个方面,以红河哈尼族彝族自治州为例,分析了当前云南5种屋顶绿化及其物质的特性,具有延续性、代表性、实用性、可操作性。发展屋顶绿化,有利于节能降耗,节地节水,改善城市生态环境,提高社区人居环境质量。这种绿化方式理应受到国家的重视,通过制定单项法律法规、行业规范、强制性标准,来应用推广。屋顶绿化,对于中国经济发达城市或者经济欠发达地区城市发展,特别对于云南这种西部城市用地紧缺,又相对缺水地区,以及提高房地产开发商商品房卖点均具有极大的推广示范作用。     

翡翠文化与翡翠市场探释

中国人几千年来对翡翠有着特殊爱好,其融入了自古以来的玉石文化,它对中华民族的精神、意志、道德、哲理产生着巨大的影响。翡翠的探释是一门高雅的艺术,不但要从文化的层面来认识翡翠,而且还要多了解一些翡翠的专业知识和翡翠市场的发展现状。本文详细地介绍了目前国内几大翡翠市场和各市场的特点以及中国翡翠市场的发展史。