中国地理学视角的饮食文化研究回顾与展望

饮食文化是人类社会发展过程中，关于食物需求、生产和消费方面的文化现象，既包括人与自然的关系，也包括食物与人类社会的关系。地理学对饮食文化的研究强调饮食文化所反映的人地关系、地理环境对饮食文化的影响及饮食文化的地理分异规律等。在简要综述饮食文化的内涵和研究视角的基础上，从饮食文化的形成与变迁、饮食文化的区域分异、饮食文化的影响与比较、饮食文化的开发利用等方面回顾了地理学视角的饮食文化研究，认为地理学视角的饮食文化研究还处在起步和摸索阶段，研究内容与方法都需要进行深层次的分析与探讨。     

3500aBP我国北方农牧交错带降水突变的幅度与速率

考古信息与历史文献记载一样是环境演变研究中独具特色的信息源。文章以考古信息为依据对中国北方农牧交错带地区 35 0 0aBP前后降水突变的幅度与速率进行了推断。中国北方农牧交错带分布在年降水量 2 5 0～ 40 0mm的地区 ,降水变化对该地带的影响十分显著。在位于北方农牧交错带内的内蒙古中南部及陕北、晋西北地区 ,大量的考古遗存详细记录了 35 0 0aBP前后该地区内土地利用性质的时空变化过程 ,可以用来定量地估算 35 0 0aBP降水突变的幅度和速率。 42 0 0～34 0 0aBP期间 ,在内蒙古中南部及陕北、晋西北地区先后发育了朱开沟文化和李家崖文化。文化的演变过程可分为两个阶段 :从朱开沟一期到朱开沟二期为第一阶段 (cal.40 0 0～ 380 0aBP) ,在朱开沟文化区发生了从农业文化转变为农牧交错文化、进而变为畜牧业文化的过程 ,相当于从农业区的北界变为农牧交错区的北界 ;从朱开沟文化二期结束到李家崖文化为第二阶段 (cal.380 0～ 34 0 0aBP) ,期间农牧交错带的北界显著地向东南退缩。上述考古学文化的变化可以看作是人类对 35 0 0aBP前后降水突变的响应。 40 0 0aBP前后是从农业文化向半农半牧文化转变的临界点 ,其降水量大致与现代农牧交错带南界的降水量相当 ,为 35 0～ 40 0mm ;380 0aBP前后是从半     

Soil salinity and sodicity in a shrimp farming coastal area of the Mekong Delta,Vietnam

Soil salinity and sodicity are environmental problems in the shrimp farming areas of the Cai Nuoc district, Ca Mau province, Vietnam. In 2000, farmers in the district switched en masse from rice cropping to shrimp culture. Due to recent failure in shrimp farming, many farmers wish to revert to a rotational system with rice in the wet season and shrimps in the dry season. So far, all their attempts to grow rice have failed. To assess soil salinity and sodicity, 25 boreholes in shrimp ponds were analysed in four consecutive seasons from 2002 to 2004. The results showed that soil salinity was quite serious (mean EC_e 29.25 dS m⁻¹), particularly in the dry season (mean EC_e 33.44 dS m⁻¹). In the wet season, significant amounts of salts still remained in the soil (mean EC_e 24.65 dS m⁻¹) and the highest soil salinity levels were found near the sea. Soil sodicity is also a problem in the district (exchangeable sodium percentage range 9.63–72.07%). Sodicity is mainly a phenomenon of topsoils and of soils near the sea. Both soil salinity and sodicity are regulated by seasonal rainfall patterns. They could together result in disastrous soil degradation in the Cai Nuoc district.     

对地域文化与核心—外围模型参数结合的探索

不少学者探究文化研究与经济学、经济地理学研究的关系,但是关于地域文化如何影响空间集聚的讨论还不够深入。本文选择克鲁格曼的核心—外围模型（CP模型）,采用经济学常规的模型逻辑演绎方法,辅助文献论据,探讨地域文化如何与该模型结合,从而参与解释产业集聚的过程。主要结论为：① 地域文化不但可以影响CP模型中的τ,也可以影响μ和ρ。文化地理学者只有开展区域文化的比较研究,才能将地域文化转变为CP模型中的参数,从而理解文化对区域经济差异的影响。② 根据CP模型的(i, j)地点,提出了适用于CP模型的地域文化单元。在无法将地域文化定量为绝对值的情况下,可以考虑以相对值来定量化,从而支撑聚集趋势分析,但不能支撑集聚准确强度的分析。③ 地域文化研究与CP模型的关联无法揭示区域不均衡发展关系的本质,亦不能唤起人们对文化霸权、拜物教、异化的警觉。因此文化地理学在与经济地理学结合的同时,还有自己独立的学术目标。     

京族海洋文化遗产保护

京族是我国的海洋民族,海洋文化遗产形态丰富,具有处环北部湾区的文化特质。京族海洋文化遗产正得到从政府到民间的保护,京族地区可以率先设立“海洋文化遗产日”,塑造海洋文化品牌,构建海洋文化交流媒介,把海洋文化保护工作推向更高的阶段。     

中国民歌文化景观基因空间分布特征及形成机理

民歌作为中国传统民间文化的艺术代表之一,是在特定地域空间上的景观文化表达。文章根据景观基因理论从本体形态和文化环境2个维度,识别民歌文化景观的基因结构,并结合定量数据分析民歌文化景观基因的空间分布特征。结果表明：就体裁而言,号子主要分布于平原区域,山歌分布于山地,而小调则分布于东部地区长江流域;就题材而言,劳动生产类民歌分布于精耕细作的东部地区,爱情婚姻类民歌分布于远离中原文化的地区;音韵特点而言,徵调式民歌所占比重最大,羽调次之,而角调最少。少数民族的民歌主要分布于西北西南和东北等少数民族人口较多的地区。表演形式也因地域差别具有较大差异。民歌文化景观的形成是人与地理环境相互作用的结果,不同地理环境的居民形成不同的感知空间,从而创造出具有地域文化符号特征的地方民歌。     

海水网箱养殖区环境质量综合评价

近年来,我国海水网箱养殖业的迅速发展给海洋生态环境带来了相当大的压力。目前不少学者从不同方面对网箱养殖区环境质量作了分析和评价,但还没有1个公认统一的评价标准和方法,也缺乏从整体上进行综合评价的研究。本文以宁波西沪港网箱养殖区为例,采用层次分析法,从环境适宜性和水产品质量安全性两方面构建了网箱养殖区环境质量综合评价指标体系,根据历史和现状监测资料以及相关文献筛选了评价指标,确定了评价标准,并结合指数评价法对养殖区环境质量现状进行了综合评价。评价结果表明:2011年西沪港网箱养殖区综合质量等级为较好,主要存在的风险为水体富营养化和水产品中的重金属污染。     

Impact of Holocene climate change on the prehistoric cultures of Zhejiang region,East China

The temporal-spatial distribution features of prehistoric cultures since the Holocene in Zhejiang region were comparatively analyzed based on GIS spatial analysis. Results show that the prehistoric cultures expanded gradually in this region before 4000 cal. a BP. The notable expansions occurred twice, one in the Majiabang-Hemudu cultural period, the other in the Liangzhu cultural period. Meanwhile, the prehistoric cultures were disseminated from west to east coast along river valleys. After 4000 cal. a BP, as represented by the Maqiao Culture, the distributed area of each prehistoric culture contracted. This is obviously due to the termination of spreading trends to east coast, which was simultaneously accompanied by two different modes of production and economic transitions in the north and south Zhejiang region respectively. The distribution of prehistoric cultures was closely related with Holocene sea-level fluctuations, especially on the banks of Hangzhou Bay, where the distribution changes of prehistoric cultural sites were greatly affected by sea-level changes, with the closest relationships between them. After 7000 cal. a BP, the process of lowered sea-level and regression-epeirogenesis provided wider terrestrial living spaces for prehistoric inhabitants. Based on the comparative analyses of the changes of prehistoric cultures and the environmental evolution information recorded in the Qianmutian subalpine peat of Mt. Tianmu and muddy area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea, it is indicated that the changes of prehistoric cultures were synchronized with environmental changes in Zhejiang region. Before 4000 cal. a BP, the eastward expansion of prehistoric cultures in Zhejiang occurred under the background of the Holocene Optimum, and was the expansion and extension under the joint influences of agricultural civilization and maritime civilization. However, after 4000 cal. a BP, the geographical contraction of prehistoric cultures in Zhejiang occurred under the back ground of dry-cold climate trend and deterioration of coastal marine environment. It is evidenced from the above fact that the development, expansion and contraction of prehistoric cultures are positively correlated to environmental change. The change of the climatic environment is just the underlying reason for these changes and transitions of production modes and economic forms. Therefore, the climatic environment is the dominant factor of prehistoric culture vicissitudes in Zhejiang region, which has exerted great influence on distribution, dissemination, expansion and transmutation of the culture.     

Correlation between δ~(18)O,Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca of coral Acropora and seawater temperature from coral culture experiments

To be used as proxies of seawater surface temperature(SST), the δ 18Oc values and Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of scleractinian coral skeletons must be verified by coral culture experiments in the laboratory. This paper describes a coral culture experiment that was conducted at several seawater temperatures T(21–28°C) using a tandem aquarium system and the new method for depositing coral skeletons grown under controlled conditions. The δ 18Oc values and the Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of the cultured coral were measured. We concluded that the δ 18Oc values and Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of the cultured coral are clearly correlated with T. The linear regression curve is δ18Oc(‰)=δ0.1427δT(°C)δ0.1495(n=18, r=0.955, p0.0001), and the slope of δ0.1427‰/°C is at the low end of the range of published values(δ0.13–δ0.29‰/°C). The Sr/Ca ratio decreases with increasing T, whereas the Mg/Ca ratio increases with increasing T, indicating a negative correlation between Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca. Their linear regression curves are Sr/Ca(mmol/mol)=δ0.04156δT+10.59(n=15, r=0.789, p0.005) and Mg/Ca(mmol/mol)= 0.04974δT+2.339(n=17, r=0.457, p0.05), respectively, which demonstrate that when Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca are increased by one unit, T increases by 5.19°C and decreases by 15.62°C, respectively. These variations are significantly lower than published values.     

南京六朝文化旅游开发研究

文章分析了南京六朝文化旅游的开发现状,阐述了六朝文化的特征,在此基础上提出了开发规划的基本构思。六朝文化旅游的开发,既可进一步树立南京"六朝古都"的城市形象,又可成为南京旅游业新的生长点。