阿尔金盆地群构造类型与演化

阿尔金走滑断裂带主要由阿尔金主干断层与几条近于平行的左行走滑断层和斜交断层组成,其空间分布规律可用左行走滑简单剪切模型解释。     

论全球海陆变迁的主要原因

历史发展过程中不少专家学者,对地球上各个大陆形成演化作了多年大量的研究工作,但认识千差万别。如最早的大陆漂移学说,后来又出现海底扩张学说—板块构造学说等等。经过多年研究认为,全球7个大陆不会漂移,而且也无充分依据将地球划分成几个板块。因为板块构造学说的运动机制基本是合理的,但是,板块划分依据不足、各板块的界线不明确、各板块的地质差别及特征不清楚等。所以,笔者认为全球各大陆整体是不分的,各个陆块地质时期的变化,是海陆变迁的结果。     

苏鲁超高压变质带北缘古-新元古代浅变质基性岩的构造属性及其意义

苏鲁超高压变质带北缘发育的少量以浅变质基性杂岩为代表的非超高压变质岩片,为深入探讨造山带的大陆深俯冲作用及板块缝合线位置提供了重要的制约。1∶5万区域填图表明,浅变质基性杂岩分布于从家屯、胡家和海眼口等地,它们以石门-薛家庄韧性剪切带与超高压变质带分界。同位素测年结果指示,胡家斜长角闪岩时代为古元古代末(1790±27Ma、1853±15Ma),而从家屯斜长角闪岩时代为新元古代(797±11Ma、782±16Ma)。地球化学分析表明,从家屯和胡家斜长角闪岩的SiO_2、TiO_2、Fe_2OT_3和MgO含量分别为47. 20%～52. 60%、0. 98%～3. 30%、9. 31%～16. 78%和3. 76%～7. 13%,为拉斑玄武岩成分。岩石的稀土总量介于45. 8×10~(-6)～289. 0×10~(-6)之间,LREE/HREE=1. 29～11. 6,(La/Yb)_N=0. 45～17. 3,稀土配分曲线较平坦,无铕异常(δEu=0. 75～1. 37)。微量元素相对富集Ba、Rb和Sr,亏损Zr、Hf、Th和Nb。从家屯斜长角闪岩的地球化学特征与E型洋中脊玄武岩相似,而胡家斜长角闪岩则具有洋岛玄武岩特点。综合分析认为,从家屯和胡家斜长角闪岩分别与扬子板块和华北板块具有构造亲缘性,在三叠纪扬子板块向华北板块俯冲碰撞过程中,这些不同大地构造位置和性质的基性岩被刮削叠置于板块缝合线附近,构成了大陆板块俯冲的加积杂岩。同时认为,分布在超高压变质带与非超高压变质岩片之间的石门-薛家庄韧性剪切带为一条重要的板块缝合线。     

全球苦橄岩与太古宙科马提岩对比：全数据模式的启示

苦橄岩和科马提岩都是富镁的超镁铁质火山岩,早先,学术界大多关注它们之间的相似性,而对于它们之间的差异性很少强调。于是认为二者的地球化学性质近似,成因类似,形成条件类似。本文采用全数据模式的研究方法,从数据库收集了全球太古宙全部科马提岩和后太古宙全部苦橄岩数据,对比的结果表明,太古宙科马提岩与后太古宙苦橄岩完全不同,它们之间几乎没有可比性。科马提岩与苦橄岩,不仅地球化学特征不同,而且成因不同,形成条件不同,产出时代不同,源区组成也不同。这种不同,反映了太古宙和后太古宙不可能属于同样的构造体制。太古宙是火球时代, 地球异常的热, 主导的可能是静止盖幔构造（stagnant lid tectonics）;后太古宙是热球时代,地球相对冷了许多,主导的是板块构造（plate tectonics）。科马提岩在太古宙广泛出露,无需地幔柱模式;而苦橄岩在后太古宙很少出露,才真正需要地幔柱模式。     

日本西南部四国增生复合体中的锰矿分布

Bedded manganese ore deposits occur in many localities within the accretionary belts of the Shikoku region, SW Japan. The deposits occur mostly in bedded chert or its metamorphosed equivalent. These chert-hosted manganese deposits are considered to have been manganese nodule/crust-bearing siliceous sediments on deep-sea floor and have been converted to manganese ores by low-grade metamorphism through subduction-accretion process. The mineral assemblages of the ores reflect the metamorphic grade of the accretionary complexes. On the other hand, iron-manganese deposits and some manganese deposits occurring directly over basalt are considered to have been the hydrothermal precipitates associated with submarine volcanism.     

地球系统多圈层构造观的基本内涵

地球系统多圈层构造观的基本点是,把地球作为一个活的天体放在宇宙系统之中,更多地考虑地球深部壳-幔-核之间的相互作用,考虑地外天体对地球运动的作用和影响。这一构造观认为:构造运动并不仅仅是岩石圈板块之间的相互作用,而是地球系统的全球动力作用过程;陆与洋是对立统一相互转化的,单纯的大陆增生说是不正确的;地幔对流说至今未被证实,陆块是活动的,但不能大规模漂移;大陆地壳不是单纯地侧向或垂向增生,而是多旋回构造-岩浆作用叠合的产物;地球的构造不是均变式向前发展,而是非均变、非线性、旋回式向前演化的;地球表层在不同地史阶段,均有其受相应深断裂体系控制的不同的构造格局,大西洋-印度洋-太平洋式大洋盆体制,只是在中生代晚期以来才出现的。      

月球的地体构造与起源模式

按照月球表面物质成分分布的特点,月壳可以划分为三个主要的化学地体:1)风暴洋克里普地体(PKT);2)斜长质高地地体(FHT);3)南极爱特肯地体(SPAT),综合对比天体化学和固体地球科学研究的前缘和热点,本文建立了月球地体构造及其起源的星子堆积模式,对月球化学分布的不均匀性的起因给出了较为简单和合理的解释.     

Geochemistry of the ophiolite and island-Arc volcanic rocks in the Mianxian-Lueyang suture zone, southern Qinling and their tectonic significance

Ultrabasic rocks in the Mianxian-Lueyang ophiolitic melange zone include harzburgite and dunite which exhibit LREE depletion with remarkable positive Eu anomaly.The diabase dike swarm shows LREE enrichment but slightly negative Eu anomaly.Metamorphosed volcanic rocks can be divided into two groups in terms of their REE geochemistry and trace element ratios of Ti/V,Th/Ta,Th/Yb and Ta/Yb.One is ths MORB-type basalt with LREE depletion,representing the fragments of oceanic crust and implying an association of the MORB-type ophiolite and an ancient ocean basin between the Qinling and Yangtze plates during the Middle Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic era.The oter comprises the island-arc volcanic rocks including tholeiitic basalt and a large amount of calc-alkaline intermediate-acic volcanic rock,which could not be the component of the ancient oceanic crust but the result of magmatism at the continental margin.This indicates that the Mianxian-Lueyang limited ocean basin had undergone a whole process of development,evolution and vanishing from Devonian-Cretaceous to Permian.And the Qinling area had becone an independent lithospheric microplate,on the southern side of which there were exhibited the tectonic characteristics of active continental margins during the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic.That is to say.the Qinling cannot be simply considered as a result of collision between the Yangtze and North China plates.     

花岗岩类与构造迁移

研究表明,花岗岩类表现了在时间上、空间上,及地质性状上的构造迁移特征,具有清晰的侧向、走向迁移规律。构造迁移的产生是由于板块构造运动在时间上、空间上作用强度、俯冲角度等的差异所致。所以,构造迁移是板块构造运动作用不平衡性的一种标志。花岗岩类岩浆作用迁移的运动轨迹,反映了板块构造运动的这一特征。     

Denudation history of the Snowy Mountains: Constraints from apatite fission track thermochronology

Apatite fission track thermochronology from Early Palaeozoic granitoids centred around the Kosciuszko massif of the Snowy Mountains, records a denudation history that was episodic and highly variable. The form of the apatite fission track age profile assembled from vertical sections and hydroelectric tunnels traversing the mountains, together with numerical forward modelling, provide strong evidence for two episodes of accelerated denudation, commencing in Late Permian—Early Triassic (ca 270–250 Ma) and mid‐Cretaceous (ca 110–100 Ma) times, and a possible third episode in the Cenozoic. Denudation commencing in the Late Permian—Early Triassic was widespread in the eastern and central Snowy Mountains area, continued through much of the Triassic, and amounted to at least ～2.0–2.4 km. This episode was probably the geomorphic response to the Hunter‐Bowen Orogeny. Post‐Triassic denudation to the present in these areas amounted to ～2.0–2.2 km. Unambiguous evidence for mid‐Cretaceous cooling and possible later cooling is confined to a north‐south‐trending sinuous belt, up to ～15 km wide by at least 35 km long, of major reactivated Palaeozoic faults on the western side of the mountains. This zone is the most deeply exposed area of the Kosciuszko block. Denudation accompanying these later events totalled up to ～1.8–2.0 km and ～2.0–2.25 km respectively. Mid‐Cretaceous denudation marks the onset of renewed tectonic activity in the southeastern highlands following a period of relative quiescence since the Late Triassic, and establishes a temporal link with the onset of extension related to the opening of the Tasman Sea. Much of the present day relief of the mountains resulted from surface uplift which disrupted the post‐mid‐Cretaceous apatite fission track profile by variable offsets on faults.