Paleoproterozoic migmatitic gneisses from the Tandilia belt (Argentina), Río de la Plata craton,record cooling at deep crustal levels

We studied high-grade metamorphic rocks of the El Cristo hill area of the Tandilia belt. Mineral analyses and thermodynamic calculations were carried out for two adjacent rock samples: an amphibole–biotite gneiss and a garnet–biotite-bearing migmatite. Peritectic garnets in the migmatite show core compositions of pyr_4.5(gro + andr)₁₀spes₆alm_79.5 changing to pyr_3.5(gro + andr)₁₇spes₆alm_73.5 at their thin rims. Garnet compositions in the gneiss are pyr_6.5(gro + andr)₂₆spes₁₂alm_55.5 and pyr_4.5(gro + andr)₃₄spes₁₂alm_49.5 for core and rim, respectively. A P–T path was constructed by calculating pseudosections in the 11-component system Si–Ti–Al–Fe–Mn–Mg–Ca–Na–K–O–H and contouring them by isopleths for garnet components using the PERPLE_X software package. Supra-solidus crystallization of garnet cores in the migmatite began at 5.8 kbar and 660 °C. Garnet rims equilibrated at 7.0 kbar and 640 °C compatible with garnet cores in the amphibole–biotite gneiss (7.6 kbar and 660 °C). The further chemical development of garnet in this rock points to P–T conditions of 11.6 kbar and 620 °C and 12.2 kbar and 595 °C (outermost garnet rim). At this high-pressure stage Ca-amphibole was not stable. Most biotite formed during exhumation whereas the high-pressure accessory minerals, titanite and epidote, persisted. According to the obtained anti-clockwise P–T path the originally partly melted material was tectonically transported from ∼22 km (middle crust) to ∼40 km (lower crust) depths reaching a geothermal gradient as low as 15 °C km⁻¹. This transport probably occurred along a major suture zone, which was active during the Paleoproterozoic (2.25–2.10 Ga), before a terminating collision of terranes near the SW boundary of the Rio de la Plata craton.     

Complete 40Ar resetting in an ultracataclasite by reactivation of a fossil seismogenic fault along the subducting plate interface in the Mugi Mélange of the Shimanto accretionary complex,southwest Japan

We used the K–Ar ages of clay-sized mineral grains to investigate the timing of activity on the Minami-Awa Fault, which is a fossil seismogenic fault along a subducting plate interface separating the coherent strata of the Shimanto accretionary complex to the north from the tectonic mélange to the south. The K–Ar ages from the matrix shale of the mélange range from 85 to 48 Ma and decrease with decreasing amount of detrital mica, indicating that they record a mixture of authigenic illite related to burial diagenesis and detrital mica. In contrast, the K–Ar ages of an ultracataclasite within the fault core are significantly younger, ranging from 29 to 23 Ma, and are unrelated to grain size and amount of detrital mica. This indicates that s Ar diffused completely from the ultracataclasite between 29 and 23 Ma, which postdates the formation of authigenic illite by at least several million years. The diffusion of ⁴⁰Ar in the ultracataclasite was probably caused by frictional heating or high-temperature fluid migration that occurred when the fault was reactivated. The results indicate that seismogenic faults that separate tectonic mélange from coherent strata in accretionary complexes may slip, not only during accretion, but also long after accretion.     

Unwrapping reworked crust at the Columbia supercontinent margin within central southern Amazon Craton using multi-source geophysics and geochronology data synergy

The geometry and evolution of pre-existing basement in accretionary belts bordering supercontinents are often unclear. Integrative interpretation of long-wavelength potential field satellite data can image deep crust structure, improving our understanding of lithospheric processes that formed these margins bottom-up. Here, we present a multidisciplinary interpretation of the lithospheric architecture of the central southern Amazon Craton, a fragment of an accretionary belt at the southwestern Columbia supercontinent margin. Satellite-borne gravity and magnetic data, airborne magnetic data, passive seismic (V_p/V_s ratio, crustal thickness) and seismic tomography data reveals that basement terranes from the interior of the craton extend into the accretionary margin of Columbia. We demonstrate a vertically heterogeneous structure with an underlying strongly reworked pre-Columbia tectonic wedge that sustained prolonged modification during the supercontinent assembly as corroborated by Nd isotope and geochronology data. Nd isotope data suggest that the protracted orogenic wedge was influenced by subduction angle shifts over time, including addition of substantial juvenile material during slab retreat events. This interplay promoted Craton growth at the supercontinent margin while keeping a subtle record of the pre-existing framework. Our findings point to the possible misrepresentation of basement extension and geometry of supercontinent margins elsewhere.     

大兴安岭中段扎赉特旗地区石炭纪花岗岩的岩石成因、构造背景及对增生造山作用的指示

本文通过对大兴安岭中段扎赉特旗地区石炭纪花岗岩进行岩石学、年代学及地球化学分析,揭示其岩石成因、形成的构造背景及对增生造山作用的指示。早、晚石炭世二长花岗岩形成年龄依次为334Ma(早石炭世中期)与316Ma(晚石炭世早期)。早石炭世二长花岗岩具有较高的Si O2及Al2O3含量,铝指数均大于1. 1,为强过铝质S型花岗岩。相对较低的Rb/Ba及Rb/Sr比值反映出砂屑岩等贫泥质成分岩石为其原始岩浆的形成提供了物质来源,不同岩石类型脱水熔融实验也证明其成岩岩浆来源于变沉积岩的部分熔融。大量正的εHf(t)值和较为年轻的二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=637～1048Ma)说明原始成岩岩浆来源于较为年轻的下地壳物质的部分熔融。少量负的εHf(t)值和较为古老的二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=1268～1863Ma),说明成岩岩浆中也有少量古老前寒武纪壳源物质的参与。锆石饱和温度计算表明岩石的岩浆结晶温度在800～850℃之间。晚石炭世二长花岗岩富集轻稀土元素及Rb、Ba、U、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素,具有未分异I型花岗岩的特征。其岩浆来源于石榴子石稳定区之上,具中等地壳深度的变玄武岩部分熔融。同时其正的εHf(t)值(2. 1～8. 9)和较为年轻的二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=701～1094Ma)说明年轻下地壳物质也参与了原始岩浆的形成。岩浆演化过程中结晶分异作用较差,熔融作用发生于H2O不饱和的条件下。早石炭世二长花岗岩形成于碰撞后构造环境,说明兴安地块与松嫩地块最晚在早石炭世中期之前已经开始碰撞缝合。晚石炭世二长花岗岩的形成则与古洋盆闭合之后碰撞拼贴板块之间因造山作用而引发的"后碰撞"相关。中亚造山带在新元古代至寒武纪及晚古生代时期均经历了重要的地壳增生事件,除水平增生外,垂向增生也是一种重要增生方式,增生机制主要通过"二阶段增生"模式实现。前期俯冲板片的断离下沉或下地壳的拆沉作用导致的幔源岩浆上升在增生过程中起到了重要作用,不仅提供了热量,而且提供了新的物质来源。     

东准噶尔地区晚古生代向南增生:来自A型花岗岩的启示

大加山碱性花岗岩位于卡拉美丽-哈尔里克花岗岩带的中段,主要为中细粒钠铁闪石花岗岩。大加山碱性花岗岩锆石LA-ICPMS年龄为284±1Ma。该花岗岩具有富碱(A/CNK<1,AR=3.9～6.67)和具有高的FeO~T/MgO和10000×Ga/Al值,而钙和铝含量较低的特征,相对富集稀土元素REE(除Eu)元素、大离子亲石元素(Rb、U、Th、K),而强烈亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Eu元素的特征。同时其Y/Nb(2.71～3.75)>1.2。这些说明大加山岩体为二叠纪A_2型花岗岩。东准噶尔和天山地区各花岗岩带年龄有向南为逐渐年轻的趋势,这与新疆北部由北向南增生的方向一致。因此,可能是侧向增生与垂向增生均表现出向南增生极性。     

Characteristics of major and trace elements in surface sediments of the Makran Accretionary Prism,Pakistan and their implications for natural gas hydrates

To accurately identify the natural gas hydrates (NGH) in the sea area of the Makran Accretionary Prism, Pakistan, this paper presents the testing and analysis of major and trace elements in sediment samples taken from two stations (S₂ and S₃) in the area by the China Geological Survey. As shown by testing results, all major elements are slightly different in content between the two stations except SiO₂ and CaO. This also applies to the trace elements that include Sr and Ba primarily and Cr, Ni and Zn secondarily. It can be concluded in this study that the tectonic setting of the Makran Accretionary Prism is dominated by oceanic island arc and that provenance of the Makran Accretionary Prism is dominated by felsic igneous provenance, which is at the initial weathering stage and mainly consists of granodiorite. Besides terrigenous detritus, there are sediments possibly originating from Makran-Bela Ophiolite from the northwestern part and Murray Ridge igneous rocks from the southeastern part. The V/Cr, Ni/Co, and V/(V+Ni) ratios indicate that sediments of the two stations are in an oxidation-suboxidation environment. However, the authors infer that the sedimentary environment of the sediments 3.0 m below the seafloor tends to be gradually transformed into a reduction environment by comparison with the Qiongdongnan Basin in the South China Sea where NGH has been discovered. The sediments in the Makran Accretionary Prism are rich in organic matter, with total organic carbon (TOC) content greater than 1%. According to comprehensive research, the organic matter in the sediments mainly originates from marine algae and has high TOC content, which is favorable for the formation of NGH.     

增生造山过程中大陆地壳的净生长——来自中亚造山带中段南缘岩浆岩的约束

软流圈地幔上涌是大陆地壳净生长的重要方式,这种壳幔作用在增生造山作用过程的地质表现如何有待深入研究.内蒙古西部的居延海地区位于中亚造山带中段南缘,处于北山造山带与阿拉善地块北缘造山带的构造衔接部位.通过对居延海地区4口井所钻获的具壳幔作用特征的花岗质岩石的研究,本文深入剖析了增生造山过程中软流圈地幔物质贡献及其具体地质...     

西昆仑早古生代岩浆作用过程:布隆花岗岩地球化学和锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素组成研究

西昆仑布隆二长花岗岩出露于西昆仑库地蛇绿混杂岩两侧。地球化学特征显示,布隆二长花岗岩主要为高钾钙碱-钾玄岩系列、过铝质花岗岩(A/CNK=1.1)。岩石具有低的Rb/Sr(0.67～0.88)、Sr/Y比值(13.2～16.6),弱的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu^*=0.68～0.84)和中等Sr(214×10^-6～247×10^-6)、Rb含量(165×10^-6～191×10^-6),指示布隆二长花岗岩主要为黑云母和角闪石脱水熔融源区,其原岩可能来自于杂砂岩或壳源中性岩类。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示该花岗岩的结晶年龄为441±2 Ma(MSWD=0.33)。锆石的ε_Hf(t)值(平均值为-3.0)和Hf两阶段模式年龄值(1 493～1 116 Ma)反映该花岗岩来自于中新元古代地壳的熔融。新获得的资料显示,西昆仑早古生代花岗岩均发育于库地蛇绿混杂岩两侧,且具有多个期次: 507～500 Ma、471～468 Ma、447～430 Ma和408～404 Ma,推测西昆仑早古生代花岗岩为古特提斯洋在该地区长期俯冲的背景下形成的产物。     

大别—苏鲁超高压变质带内部的浅变质岩

大别苏鲁超高压变质带内部零星出露有若干呈构造残片状产出的浅变质岩，主要以变质碎屑岩－千枚岩－大理岩组合为代表，遭受过低绿片岩相变质和脆－韧性变形作用的改造，与围岩均为构造接触（断层或韧性剪切带）。微古生物化石研究表明，其原岩为震旦纪前后扬子板块北缘的浅海相沉积。同位素年代学研究指示，它们经历过加里东期和印支期构造热事件的影响，与区域超高压岩石经受的构造热事件时间一致；氧同位素研究得到，部分浅变质岩原岩曾遭受过高温大气降水热液蚀变，与区域超高压岩石经受的构造热事件时间一致；氧同位素研究得到，部分浅变质岩原岩曾遭受过高温大气降水热液蚀变，与区域超高压岩石的同位素特征一致。这些浅变质岩的原岩为扬子板块北缘震旦系沉积岩及其中的火山碎屑岩，构造上具有板块俯冲过程中的刮削岩片－构造加积楔的产状和形成机制，因此可以是大陆板块俯冲加积楔的一部分。     

关于雅鲁藏布江缝合带(东段)的新认识

国内外不少地质学家大都将雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带视为印度板块与亚洲板块之间的缝合带。但是,笔者等在喜玛拉雅造山带的东段即仁布-康马一线以东地区的研究却发现,在雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的南侧发育着一个宽大的增生杂岩体,它与雅江蛇绿岩是同一大洋即特提斯喜玛拉雅洋俯冲消减的产物,前者代表着特提斯喜玛拉雅洋消亡遗迹的主体,是印度板块与拉萨地块之间缝合带的主要组成部分;而后者代表的是俯冲带与拉萨地块之间的残余洋壳,它由北向南仰冲,构成日喀则-桑日弧前盆地前缘脊和南部基底,因而其不代表主缝合带。北喜玛拉雅增生杂岩体的发现改变了以Gansser(1964)为代表提出的喜玛拉雅造山带的构造模式,为重新审视印度板块与拉萨地块缝合作用过程提供了一个重要的地质制约和新的研究途径。